Details of a Researcher - OSAWA Hirotaka

Papers - OSAWA Hirotaka

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Cover Comment : The New Landscape of Human and the Analyzer in Yamato 2202

高島雄哉, 大澤博隆, 聞き手:三宅陽一郎

Journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence) 34 ( 34 ) 749 - 754 2019.09

Joint Work, ISSN 2188-2266

欧州SATORIプロジェクトにおける研究開発倫理ガイドライン開発(1)背景と概要

大谷卓史, 大澤博隆, 久木田水生, 西條玲奈

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 (東京 : 電子情報通信学会) 119 ( 140 ) 333 - 340 2019.07

ISSN 09135685

Learning Ecosystem in Elementary School Using Modifiable Humanoid Robot.

Takuya Sato, Hirotaka Osawa

14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction(HRI) (IEEE) 2019-March 596 - 597 2019.03

Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

In this research, the authors considered a method of generating an ecosystem of learning between classrooms using robots that children can edit themselves. A robot that allows children to choose faces and motions, as well as create user content and receive feedback on that content, was developed. This robot system was introduced and tested in an elementary school with 164 students. First, the 5th grades 18 children were taught how to set up the robot, and then they learned how to create usable content. From this, 19 robot contents were created. Next, the robot system was monitored for 2 months, and the teacher-created content was compared with the student-created content. It was found that the content created by the children was more interesting to the students than the teacher created content. Through an interview with the school librarian, the authors found that the classroom has enough learning ecosystem with elderly to younger children.

Access to Document (DOI)

Clarifying Privacy, Property, and Power: Case Study on Value Conflict Between Communities.

Arisa Ema, Hirotaka Osawa, Reina Saijo, Akinori Kubo, Takushi Otani, Hiromitsu Hattori, Naonori Akiya, Nobutsugu Kanzaki, Minao Kukita, Kazunori Komatani, Ryutaro Ichise

Proc. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)) 107 ( 3 ) 575 - 581 2019.03

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00189219

This study analyzes the value conflict of a paper on fan fiction writing that used online fan fiction novels as a source to extract and filter sexual expressions from text. The boundaries of public and private information are ambiguous because users are not always aware of or have agreed to the fact that their content is to be used openly. The case was complicated by the fact that the use of these data by researchers violated an unconsciously infringed upon right of a vulnerable community with a weak legal position. This paper describes the debate on this topic among researchers from engineering and humanities fields on whether the purpose of the research was ethically acceptable; how the systems can be embedded in ethical values; and what ethical, legal, social, and educational lessons are appropriate for governance of artificial intelligence (AI). Our analysis aimed not only to clarify the abstract concept of privacy but also to make changes to the submission guidelines for authors. We hope that our analysis contributes to the governance of ethical AIs and AI ethics on handling sensitive aspects of online activities.

Access to Document (DOI)

Development and evaluation of the game agent to change confidence of estimating in Cooperative game Hanabi

SATO,Eisuke, OSAWA,Hirotaka

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of JSAI (The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence) 2019 ( 0 ) 3F4OS14b01 - 3F4OS14b01 2019

Joint Work, Last author

AI agent for cooperation with human has to follow human thought. There are some research using cooperating game 'Hanabi' from various aspects such as self-estimation, psychology, and communication theory. In this research, we developed an agent's strategy for following human thought for guessing human understanding of AI's strategy to utilize the length of thinking time of the human player and changing the estimation reliability. As a result, the author found that this agent estimated more frequently to the good player of Hanabi than the conventional agent and there is a positive correlation between some evaluation to this agent and score. However, the agent that change estimation reliability depending on opponent's thinking time didn't affect human's impression compared to the conventional agent and there was no significant difference in the score and the success rate of the estimation by changing the reliability of the estimation according to the thinking time.

Overview of AIWolfDial 2019 Shared Task: Contest of automatic dialog agents to play the werewolf game through conversations

Kano Y, Aranha C, Inaba M, Toriumi F, Osawa H, Katagami D, Otsuki T, Tsunoda I, Nagayama S, Tellols D, Sugawara Y, Nakata Y

AIWolfDial 2019 - Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop of AI Werewolf and Dialog System, Proceedings of the Workshop (AIWolfDial 2019 - Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop of AI Werewolf and Dialog System, Proceedings of the Workshop) 1 - 5 2019

Joint Work, Accepted

The AIWolf project has been holding contests to play the Werewolf game (“Mafia”) by automatic agents for a couple of years. A difficulty of the Werewolf game is that the game is an imperfect information game, where a player’s role is hidden from other players. Players are required to infer the roles of other players through free conversations; players of a specific role should tell a lie, while others try to break through lies. We employ this werewolf game as a novel way of evaluations for dialog systems. Because the werewolf game forces players to deceive, persuade, and detect lies, neither inconsistent nor vague response are evaluated as “unnatural”, losing in the game. Our werewolf game competition and evaluation could be a new interesting evaluation criteria for dialog systems, but also for imperfect information game theories. In addition, the werewolf game allows any conversation, so the game includes both task-oriented and non-task-oriented conversations. This aspect would provide a handy intermediate goal rather than to create a general dialog system from scratch. In this AIWolfDial 2019 shared task, five participant agents played games in English and Japanese. We performed subjective evaluations on these game logs.

Analyzing Gestures in Real-World Werewolf Game

TAKAYAMA,Shutarou, OSAWA,Hirotaka

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of JSAI (The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence) 2019 ( 0 ) 3F3OS14a01 - 3F3OS14a01 2019

Joint Work, Last author

人狼ゲームを対象とした研究は人間との高度なコミュニケーションをとるエージェントの実現などへの応用が期待できる。しかし、人狼ゲームを対象とした非言語コミュニケーションの分析はこれまでほとんどされてこなかった。本研究では、人狼ゲームをプレイする人間のジェスチャーとゲーム結果との関連性を調査する。ジェスチャーに関するいくつかの指標を設け、それを定式化することで、ゲーム中に見られるジェスチャーの定量的評価を試みた。これらの指標のいくつかで、人狼ゲーム中でのプレイヤーの役割が測定出来ることがわかった。例えば、ゲームの勝敗には占い師と狂人がそれぞれどの程度リーダーシップを取っているかに影響を受け、それをプレイヤーの両腕の開き具合で測ることが出来る。

Introduction

Yoshinobu Kano, Claus Aranha, Michimasa Inaba, Fujio Toriumi, Hirotaka Osawa, Daisuke Katagami, Takashi Otsuki

AIWolfDial 2019 - Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop of AI Werewolf and Dialog System, Proceedings of the Workshop III 2019

Joint Work, Accepted

Values Awareness Support

YOSHIZOE Mamoru, HATTORI Hiromitsu, EMA Arisa, OSAWA Hirotaka, KANZAKI Nobutsugu

Journal of Science and Technology Studies (Japan Society for Science and Technology Studies) 16 ( 0 ) 120 - 133 2018.12

Accepted, ISSN 13475843

The society is getting more globalized and complex with development of information technology. Accordingly, people are getting to have each diversified values, and to be required to understand it for preventing social troubles. We research what is needed to be aware of values, and aim to construct a system with the algorism. In this paper, we introduce a prototype system that support aware of values and idea generation (AIR-VAS). We speculate that knowing other community’s opinions in the discussion, is connected to the new idea generation and awareness of diversified values. We developed the system on the approach that visualizing discussion information as word frequency and word co-occurrence network, and we used the system in a workshop. Based on the result, we analyzed an association between discussion and visualized information, and evaluated an effectiveness of the system.

I Know You Better Than You Know Yourself: Estimation of Blind Self Improves Acceptance for an Agent.

Takuya Kato, Hirotaka Osawa

International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction (ACM) 144 - 152 2018.12

Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

After analyzing almost all programs pertaining to winning complete information games, game study started to focus on the challenge of programming acceptable game players. A key factor required to create an acceptable player agent is the knowledge of the user’s internal state. People like those who want to know themselves, especially those who want to know their unconscious self-state, also called the “blind self.” This study proposes an approach to analyze an agent’s ability for estimating a user’s blind self as an improvement in human–agent interaction. The authors chose a card game called Hanabi as an evaluation of this type of recursive intelligence. Hanabi is a cooperative and an incomplete information card game in which each player’s cards are unknown to other players. A player decides whether to build a set of cards or discard them while providing hints to the other players. Previous research has demonstrated that the imitation of human behavior that corrects incomplete information increases the score in a Hanabi game between agents. The authors evaluated the agent’s function to modify incomplete information based on the behavior of the players in the game between a human and an agent. The authors experimented with humans and two types of agents. The latter differed according to the need to imitate and modify incomplete information as a cooperator among the experiment’s participants. Afterward, the game results were analyzed, and the impressions of the participants were evaluated. The results demonstrated that while the ability of estimation of the blind self is ineffective for increasing the score, the user developed a good impression of the agent when incomplete information was modified properly, resulting in a similar feeling in the case of a human collaborator.

Access to Document (DOI)

Power of Looking Together: Analysis of Social Facilitation by Agent's Mutual Gaze.

Takuya Toyono, Hirotaka Osawa

International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction (ACM) 380 - 382 2018.12

Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

The authors investigated the effect of gaze tracking by agent for human. Psychological study has shown that presence of others facilitates efforts of working partner. This effect also occurs if the presence of others replaced to robot. Furthermore, previous research shows that the effects on a person being touched by a robot to motivate him or her. However, direct contact such as touch with robot has a risk of disturbing human work. The authors use gaze tracking for social facilitation, because gaze tracking can also facilitate human efforts. The authors implemented social facilitation robot agent by using gaze tracking. The agent projects its face on the surface to show quickly changing expression which is difficult for achieve by ordinally robots. The agent also can express gaze tracking by implemented eye trackers. The authors prepared three conditions with monotonous task for comparing the effect of gaze tracking, first: the agent gazes the aim of task, second: the agent moves its gaze randomly, third: the agent traces the gaze point of participant. The result showed that the participant raise motivation if the agent traces gazed point by human, even though there are no the different on achievement score of task and continuation time.

Access to Document (DOI)

Values Awareness Support : Visualization of the Discussion

吉添衛, 服部宏充, 江間有沙, 大澤博隆, 神崎宣次

科学技術社会論研究 (科学技術社会論学会) ( 16 ) 120 - 133 2018.12

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1347-5843

協力ゲーム Hanabi における相手の思考時間を戦略の指標に加えたエージェントの開発と評価

佐藤栄介, 加藤拓也, 大澤博隆

ゲームプログラミングワークショップ2018論文集 2018 30 - 34 2018.11

人間と協力して課題を達成するための人工知能は、人間の思考に合わせた行動をとる必要がある。協力ゲームの一つとしてカードゲーム「Hanabi」において、自己推定、心理学、コミュニケーション理論等さまざまな方面から研究が進められている。本研究では思考時間に関する仮説に基づき人間プレイヤーの思考時間の長短から人間側のAIの戦略に対する理解度を推測し、その結果に応じて自分の手札を推定する時の推定信頼度を変更する手法を用いたエージェントを開発した。また、開発したエージェントと従来のエージェントとの得点及び人間プレイヤーに与える印象の違いを調査した。結果、思考時間に応じて推定の信頼度を変えることにより得点や推定の成功率に有意差は見られなかったが、思考時間に関する仮説は妥当であることがわかった。また、思考時間に応じて推定の信頼度を変えるエージェントは従来のエージェントに比べてゲームに慣れておらず意思を持っていないという印象を人に与えることがわかった。

Telepresence Robot's Salutations to Trigger Informal Conversation with Teleworkers.

Hideaki Kuzuoka, Yuki Kodama, Jianfeng Xu, Emi Myodo, Etsuko T. Harada, Hirotaka Osawa

Companion of the 2018 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (ACM) 233 - 236 2018.10

Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

Surveys show that teleworkers tend to feel isolated due to the lack of informal communication. To solve this problem, we propose a telepresence robot system that triggers informal communication. Drawing on Kendon’s finding of greeting structure prior to interaction, we propose a system that presents two salutations, distance salutation and close salutation. Our experiment with a prototype system suggests that the proposed method is effective in inducing informal communication over the distance.

Access to Document (DOI)

How Engineers and Society Utilize Imagination of Science Fiction? : Report of Hal-con 2018 AI and SF Session

長谷,敏司, 藤崎,慎吾, 山川,宏, 宮本,道人, 大澤,博隆

Journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence) 33 ( 33 ) 679 - 690 2018.09

Joint Work, Last author, ISSN 2188-2266

Analysis of Agents' Information Sharing with Evolutionary Computation

WANG,Bohao, OSAWA,Hirotaka, SATOH,Ken

Proc. of JSAI (The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence) 2018 ( 0 ) 1H1OS13a05 - 1H1OS13a05 2018.07

Joint Work, Corresponding author

This paper introduced analysis of agents' information sharing with evolutionary computation. We focus on a method that human adds a hidden meaning to our word for sharing information only with cooperators in subgroup. In this paper, we defined 3 player version of werewolf game, and run a 10000 generations evolutionary computation. Then, we classified villager's strategies with label of "rational", "irrational" and "ambiguous". We suggested that when villager used an "irrational" strategy and won the game, seer and villager used the above information sharing method. As the result, the above method appeared in both case of wolf fixed and wolf evolved. In the case of wolf fixed, seer added hidden meaning to a fixed word in 99.2% of times to share information only with the villager. In the case of wolf evolved, in 26.4% of times, seer succeed to share information only with the villager by the above method and seer started to change word with hidden meaning for keeping avoid sharing information with the wolf.

"It's Public, and also Private": An Analysis of Flaming Fan Studies

OSAWA,Hirotaka, OTANI,Takushi, EMA,Arisa, SAIJO,Rena, KUBO,Akinori, KANZAKI,Nobutsugu, KUKITA,Minao, ICHISE,Ryutaro, HATTORI,Hiromitsu, AKIYA,Naonori

Proc. of JSAI (The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence) 2018 ( 0 ) 3H2OS25b04 - 3H2OS25b04 2018.07

Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author

Online services make users' communication activities and content public. This online information has contributed to accelerating the creation cycle of user-generated content. Moreover, these services also allow researchers to utilize these online texts as a public source for easily analyzing human activities, also referred to as social sensing studies. However, we need to realize that there exists a controversial problem of privacy especially in the sensitive areas of creation, even though the content is public. This study tries to create new guidelines for online study using the case of the flaming of a study of female fan-fiction, which attempted to extract and filter sexual expressions using online fan-fiction novels as source. Researchers from the fields of both engineering and humanities, including law and ethics, discussed the violations in this case, and extracted ethical, legal, and social issues according to their specific areas of expertise.

Increasing Agent's Impression with Estimation of Other's Viewpoint:

KATO,Takuya, OSAWA,Hirotaka

Proc. of JSAI (The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence) 2018 ( 0 ) 4J201 - 4J201 2018.07

Joint Work, Last author, Corresponding author

AI research on incomplete information games has aspects that imitate human intelligence. The author chose a card game called Hanabi as an evaluation of imitating human intelligence with AI. Hanabi is a cooperative and incomplete information card game, and this game has a unique feature that a player cannot observe his / her own cards. Player selects whether to build a set of cards or discard the card while providing hints of the card with the cooperator. In the previous research, it was shown that the imitation of human behavior that corrects incomplete information increases the score in Hanabi play between agents. The author evaluated agent's function to modify incomplete information based on behavior of cooperator in the game with human and agent. I experimented with human and two kinds of agents with a difference whether to imitate modify incomplete information as a cooperator of experiment participants and I analyzed the game results and impression evaluation of participants. The result is that while the imitation of reflex intelligence is not effective for increasing the score, the participant has a good impression on the agent when the agent modifies the incomplete informa

Annotating Expression of Roles and Exercise of Special Abilities to the Werewolf BBS

INABA,Michimasa, KANO,Yoshinobu, OSAWA,Hirotaka, OTSUKI,Takeshi, KATAGAMI,Daisuke, TORIUMI,Fujio

Proc. of JSAI (The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence) 2018 ( 0 ) 1H1OS13a01 - 1H1OS13a01 2018.07

Joint Work

本論文では，我々が構築した人狼BBSアノテーションコーパスについて述べる．本コーパスは「自分の役職の表明」，および「特殊能力を行使した結果の報告」に関する発話に対してアノテーションを行ったものである．本コーパスは，人狼ゲームにおける発話意味理解，発話生成のための言語資源とすることができるほか，人間のプレイヤーの戦略分析などへの応用が考えられる．アノテータはクラウドソーシングで募集し，現在までに300ゲームのアノテーションを行った．コーパスはGitHubで公開している．

Clarifying Privacy, Property, and Power: Case Study on Value Conflict of a Fan Fiction Research Paper

大澤, 博隆, Ema, Arisa, Saijo, Reina, Kubo, Akinori, Otani, Takushi, Hattori, Hiromitsu, Akiya, Naonori, Kanzaki, Nobutsugu, Kukita, Minao, Komatani, Kazunori, Ichise, Ryutaro

Proceedings of the IEEE 2018.07

Joint Work, Accepted

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