Papers - OSAWA Hirotaka

AIWolfDial 2023: Summary of Natural Language Division of 5th International AIWolf Contest.

Yoshinobu Kano, Neo Watanabe, Kaito Kagaminuma, Claus Aranha, Jaewon Lee, Benedek Hauer, Hisaichi Shibata, Soichiro Miki, Yuta Nakamura, Takuya Okubo, Soga Shigemura, Rei Ito, Kazuki Takashima, Tomoki Fukuda, Masahiro Wakutani, Tomoya Hatanaka, Mami Uchida, Mikio Abe, Akihiro Mikami, Takashi Otsuki, Zhiyang Qi, Kei Harada, Michimasa Inaba, Daisuke Katagami, Hirotaka Osawa, Fujio Toriumi

INLG (Generation Challenges)    84 - 100 2023

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Accepted

Evaluating Sci-fi Readers’ Perspective: Correlation between Immersive Emotion and Speculative Factors

Yuuki Namba, Miwa Nishinaka, Sachiko Kiyokawa, Dohjin Miyamoto, Tomoya Minegishi, Ryu Miyata, Hirotaka Osawa

IIAI Letters on Informatics and Interdisciplinary Research (International Institute of Applied Informatics)  3   1 - 1 2023

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work, Accepted

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Interaction in remote peddling using avatar robot by people with disabilities

Takashi Kanetsuna, Kazuaki Takeuchi, Hiroaki Kato, Taichi Sono, Hirotaka Osawa, Kentaro Yoshifuji, Yoichi Yamazaki

International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction  2022.12

Research paper (international conference proceedings), Joint Work, Accepted

Social agents as catalysts: Social dynamics in the classroom with book introduction robot.

Hirotaka Osawa, Kohei Horino, Takuya Sato

Frontiers in Robotics and AI (Frontiers in Robotics and AI)  9 2022.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author, Accepted

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One of the possible benefits of robot-mediated education is the effect of the robot becoming a catalyst between people and facilitating learning. In this study, the authors focused on an asynchronous active learning method mediated by robots. Active learning is believed to help students continue learning and develop the ability to think independently. Therefore, the authors improved the UGA (User Generated Agent) system that we have created for long-term active learning in COVID-19 to create an environment where children introduce books to each other via robots. The authors installed the robot in an elementary school and conducted an experiment lasting more than a year. As a result, it was confirmed that the robot could continue to be used without getting bored even over a long period of time. They also analyzed how the children created the contents by analyzing the contents that had a particularly high number of views. In particular, the authors observed changes in children’s behavior, such as spontaneous advertising activities, guidance from upperclassmen to lowerclassmen, collaboration with multiple people, and increased interest in technology, even under conditions where the new coronavirus was spreading and children’s social interaction was inhibited.

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レクチャーシリーズ：「AI 哲学マップ」〔第10 回〕SF から読み解く人工知能の可能性と課題

鈴木 貴之, 大澤 博隆, 清田 陽司, 三宅 陽一郎, 大内 孝子

人工知能 (一般社団法人 人工知能学会)  37 ( 5 ) 649 - 660 2022.09

Joint Work,  ISSN  2188-2266

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SFプロトタイピングを手助けする多人数同時接続型Webアプリケーションの試作

峯岸 朋弥, 宮本 道人, 大澤 博隆

研究報告グループウェアとネットワークサービス 2022-GN-11 ( 18 ) 1 - 4 2022.03

Joint Work, Last author

Visions of Artificial Intelligence and Robots in Science Fiction: a computational analysis

Hirotaka Osawa, Dohjin Miyamoto, Satoshi Hase, Reina Saijo, Kentaro Fukuchi, Yoichiro Miyake

International Journal of Social Robotics (Springer Science and Business Media LLC)  14 ( 10 ) 2123 - 2133 2022

Joint Work, Lead author, Last author, Corresponding author, Accepted,  ISSN  18754791

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Abstract

Driven by the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and anthropomorphic robotic systems, the various possibilities and risks of such technologies have become a topic of urgent discussion. Although science fiction (SF) works are often cited as references for visions of future developments, this framework of discourse may not be appropriate for serious discussions owing to technical inaccuracies resulting from its reliance on entertainment media. However, these science fiction works could help researchers understand how people might react to new AI and robotic systems. Hence, classifying depictions of artificial intelligence in science fiction may be expected to help researchers to communicate more clearly by identifying science fiction elements to which their works may be similar or dissimilar. In this study, we analyzed depictions of artificial intelligence in SF together with expert critics and writers. First, 115 AI systems described in SF were selected based on three criteria, including diversity of intelligence, social aspects, and extension of human intelligence. Nine elements representing their characteristics were analyzed using clustering and principal component analysis. The results suggest the prevalence of four distinctive categories, including human-like characters, intelligent machines, helpers such as vehicles and equipment, and infrastructure, which may be mapped to a two-dimensional space with axes representing intelligence and humanity. This research contributes to the public relations of AI and robotic technologies by analyzing shared imaginative visions of AI in society based on SF works.

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The Proposal of Cooperative Behavior Analysis using Cognitive Model in Hanabi Game

KAWAGOE Atsushi, OSAWA Hirotaka

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of JSAI (The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence)  JSAI2022 ( 0 ) 4I3OS26b04 - 4I3OS26b04 2022

Joint Work, Last author, Corresponding author

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<p>The cooperative game Hanabi is a suitable interactive subject for analyzing cooperative behavior based on implicit intention communication. In recent years, research has been conducted to analyze people's cooperative behavior by comparing the results of cooperating with several Hanabi agents that behave differently. However, these methods have problems such as large costs of experiment with human subjects and the inability to directly observe human's internal psychological states. One solution to these problems is to use models created on cognitive architectures, which are used to reproduce human behavior, and conduct simulations. In this study, we simulated the Hanabi game using model, developed on the cognitive architecture ACT-R, with and without risky actions. As a result, we found that the time spent per game changed similarly to that of the human Hanabi game. It was also suggested that having risky actions as options reduced the learning efficiency to improve scores and increased time required for action. In addition, memory retrieval was found to be a factor that increased the time required for action decisions in Hanabi play.</p>

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Value Awareness Support based on Visualized Clues for Group Discussion

Yoshizoe Mamoru, Hattori Hiromitsu, Ema Arisa, Osawa Hirotaka, Kanzaki Nobutsugu, Kukita Minao, Ogawa Yuki

The Transactions of Human Interface Society (Human Interface Society)  23 ( 4 ) 501 - 512 2021.11

Joint Work, Accepted,  ISSN  1344-7262

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We are now faced with the wall of the diversity of values. We are often required to consider or respect the values of other people though, it is not easy to sense them since we tend to think within our scope of knowledge, experience, and imagination. We have worked on how to exchange values and achieve a synergetic effect among people. In this paper, we are presenting our prototype system, called AIR-VAS, aiming to support becoming aware of values in group discussion. AIR-VAS has been developed as the system which recognizes characteristic opinions of a group and shares them among all engaging groups on the discussion. The recognized and shared opinion is based on the values of the people of the group. Through the sharing of opinion, people can know the different viewpoints on the issue of the current discussion, so that AIR-VAS can provide stimulation to people for idea generation. We have developed AIR-VAS on the approach that visualizing statements, which are presented during a discussion, as the word co-occurrence network. We implemented opinion sharing as the process of the network re-construction including presented sub-network as an opinion of a certain group. According to the experimental usage of the developed system, we analyzed the relationship between discussion and visualized information, and discuss what information gives awareness.

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Accuracy of Interpersonal Distance and Line of Sight Between a Virtual Robot Head and Humans

Tomoya MINEGISHI, Hirotaka OSAWA

Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics (Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics)  33 ( 4 ) 757 - 767 2021.11

Joint Work, Last author, Accepted,  ISSN  1347-7986

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Tele-Nininbaori: Intentional Harmonization in Cybernetic Avatar with Simultaneous Operation by Two-persons.

Hirotaka Osawa, Taichi Sono

HAI '21: International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction(HAI) (ACM)     235 - 240 2021.11

Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author, Accepted

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Advances in technology have made it possible for people who could not participate in work due to difficulties in social participation to work. It is becoming easier for people who have lost their abilities due to the decline in their abilities as a result of aging or due to some kind of disability to enter work remotely. However, the lack of capacity of these people hinders the implementation of the task. In order to compensate for the lack of human ability and promote remote participation in society, the idea of supplementing a part of remote human ability has been proposed as in Cybernetic Avatar. However, it is not easy to automate the capabilities required at work. In this study, the authors propose a remote-controlled avatar method for people who lack the ability to temporarily borrow the ability of others. The study looked at the models needed for these avatars, and created a prototype to see what problems could arise when working. As a result of the verification, three gestures were observed: symbol gesture, motion gesture, and shape gesture. In addition, as the intention arbitration between the two is performed smoothly, it was observed that the intention arbitration changes from the motion gesture to the symbol gesture.

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Emergence of Cooperative Impression With Self-Estimation, Thinking Time, and Concordance of Risk Sensitivity in Playing Hanabi.

Hirotaka Osawa, Atsushi Kawagoe, Eisuke Sato, Takuya Kato

Frontiers in Robotics and AI (Frontiers in Robotics and AI)  8   658348 - 658348 2021.10

Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author, Accepted

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The authors evaluate the extent to which a user’s impression of an AI agent can be improved by giving the agent the ability of self-estimation, thinking time, and coordination of risk tendency. The authors modified the algorithm of an AI agent in the cooperative game Hanabi to have all of these traits, and investigated the change in the user’s impression by playing with the user. The authors used a self-estimation task to evaluate the effect that the ability to read the intention of a user had on an impression. The authors also show thinking time of an agent influences impression for an agent. The authors also investigated the relationship between the concordance of the risk-taking tendencies of players and agents, the player’s impression of agents, and the game experience. The results of the self-estimation task experiment showed that the more accurate the estimation of the agent’s self, the more likely it is that the partner will perceive humanity, affinity, intelligence, and communication skills in the agent. The authors also found that an agent that changes the length of thinking time according to the priority of action gives the impression that it is smarter than an agent with a normal thinking time when the player notices the difference in thinking time or an agent that randomly changes the thinking time. The result of the experiment regarding concordance of the risk-taking tendency shows that influence player’s impression toward agents. These results suggest that game agent designers can improve the player’s disposition toward an agent and the game experience by adjusting the agent’s self-estimation level, thinking time, and risk-taking tendency according to the player’s personality and inner state during the game.

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Evaluation of Future Vision Creation Using SF Prototyping

Hirotaka Osawa, Dohjin Miyamoto, Atsuya Fujimoto, Hozuma Sekine

Interaction 2021  2021.03

Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author

Negotiation in Hidden Identity: Designing Protocol for Werewolf Game

Osawa, Hirotaka, Otsuki, Takashi, Aranha, Claus de Castro, Toriumi, Fujio

In Twelfth International Workshop on Agent-based Complex Automated Negotiations (ACAN2019) (Studies in Computational Intelligence)  958   87 - 102 2021

Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author, Accepted,  ISSN  1860949X

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The automation of complex negotiations is required to coordinate various AIs. In complex negotiations, the goals of each agent may not be shared because some agents may benefit from not disclosing their own information during negotiation. This uncooperative situation requires an agent to have the ability to infer the intention of the others from the communication, and also to persuade the others through communication. Such negotiation in hidden identity is a pioneering area on negotiation research. In the past, the authors have proposed an AI competition in the Werewolf game in order to research negotiation in hidden identity. To eliminate noise caused by the difficulty of handling natural language, it is necessary to create a model of communication between agents in such a competition. In this paper, we analyze the elements necessary for communication between agents in the Werewolf game and design the protocol between agents based on this analysis.

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Concordance of Risk Tendency Increases User's Satisfaction: Verification of Agents in Cooperative Game Hanabi

Atsushi Kawagoe, Hirotaka Osawa

HAI 2020 - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction (ACM)     140 - 148 2020.11

Joint Work, Last author, Corresponding author, Accepted

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The game agents in cooperative game must be not only intelligent but also acceptable to the player to provide a good game experience. A particularly important factor in implementing an acceptable agent is to make the risk-taking tendency closer to the player. People tend to be attracted to people who has same preference and make similar behavior with themselves. Thus, it is estimated that people are also attracted to cooperative game agents who has same tendency. In this study, we implemented two agents with different risk-taking tendencies. Participants evaluated gameplay with each agent. As a result, Participants with a high-risk taking tendency perceived that agents with a high-risk taking tendency understood the rules of the game more. And vice versa. This suggests that it is possible to improve the player's game experience by making the agent's risk tendency similar to the player's one.

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HAI 2020 Chairs' Welcome

Mohammad Obaid, Omar Mubin, Yukie Nagai, Hirotaka Osawa, Yomna Abdelrahman, Morten Fjeld

HAI 2020 - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction    III - IV 2020.11

Joint Work

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Do You Move Unconsciously? Accuracy of Social Distance and Line of Sight between a Virtual Robot Head and Humans

Tomoya Minegishi, Hirotaka Osawa

29th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, RO-MAN 2020 (IEEE)     503 - 508 2020.08

Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

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In this paper, we examine the effectiveness of the social distance between a virtual agent and users, and the gaze instruction using a display that can be viewed stereoscopically without using any wearable devices. An actual robot cannot always maintain an appropriate interpersonal distance, through nonverbal gestures owing to its limited range of motion. Because large movements may harm humans, the nonverbal gestures of robots are limited in the real world. In this work, 14 participants were asked how far they wanted to move from a robot posing as a museum guide agent. They were also asked to identify the point at which they felt the agent was gazing. There was a significant distance between the initial position and the position to which the participants moved in the first task under two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) scenarios. The participants moved a significant distance in the first task. In the gaze estimation task, however, the error between the 3D and 2D evaluations was significantly lesser, at a point far from the agent.

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Social Glasses: Simulating Interactive Gaze for Visually Impaired People in Face-to-Face Communication

Shi Qiu, Jun Hu, Ting Han, Hirotaka Osawa, Matthias Rauterberg

International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC)  36 ( 9 ) 839 - 855 2020.05

Joint Work, Accepted,  ISSN  10447318

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Eye contact is crucial in social interactions, linking with sincerity and friendliness. However, blind people cannot see and make eye contact when they communicate with sighted people. It influences the involvement of blind people in blind-sighted conversations. Based on this context, we implemented Social glasses with an eye-tracking system, aiming to improve the communication quality between blind and sighted people in face-to-face conversations. Social glasses attempts to simulate the appropriate gaze for blind people, especially establishing the “eye contact” in blind-sighted conversations. To evaluate the impact of the interactive gaze displayed on the Social glasses, we performed dyadic-conversation tests under four experimental conditions (No Gaze, Constant Gaze, Random Gaze, and Interactive Gaze) for 40 participants. Quantitative results showed that the Interactive gaze has a positive impact on improving the communication quality between blind and sighted people, which were consistent with a qualitative analysis of the participants’ comments.

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ENVISIONING FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WITH SCIENCE FICTION

Hirotaka Osawa, Satoshi Hase, Dohjin Miyamoto, Reina Saijo, Kentaro Fukuchi, Yoichiro Miyake

Technologos (PNRPU Publishing House)  2020 ( 2 ) 42 - 52 2020.02

Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author,  ISSN  2687-0266

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シンポジウム「Sai・Fi:Science and Fiction SFの想像力×科学技術」パネルセッション採録

上田 早夕里, 劉 慈欣, 藤井/太洋, 長谷 敏司, 立原 透耶, 大澤 博隆, 山崎 敬一

SFマガジン = SF magazine (東京 : 早川書房)  61 ( 1 ) 317 - 321 2020.02