論文 - 梅田　聡

Machiavellianism and early neural responses to others’ facial expressions caused by one's own decisions

Osumi T., Tsuji K., Shibata M., Umeda S.

Psychiatry Research （Psychiatry Research）  271   669 - 677 2019年01月

ISSN  0165-1781

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© 2018 Elsevier B.V. The processing of social stimuli generated by one's own voluntary behavior is an element of social adaptation. It is known that self-generated stimuli induce attenuated sensory experiences compared with externally generated stimuli. The present study aimed to examine this self-specific attenuation effect on early stimulus processing in the case of others’ facial expressions during interpersonal interactions. In addition, this study explored the possibility that the self-specific attenuation effect on social cognition is modulated by antisocial personality traits such as Machiavellianism. We analyzed early components of the event-related brain potential in participants elicited by happy and sad facial expressions of others when the participant's decision was responsible for the others’ emotions and when the others’ facial expressions were independent of the participant's decision. Compared to the non-responsible condition, the responsible condition showed an attenuated amplitude of the N170 component in response to sad faces. Moreover, Machiavellianism explained individual differences in the self-specific attenuation effect depending on the affective valence of social signals. The present findings support the possibility that the self-specific attenuation effect extends to interpersonal interactions and imply that distorted cognition of others’ emotions caused by one's own behavior is associated with personality disorders that promote antisocial behaviors.

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Supplementation with whey peptide rich in β-lactolin improves cognitive performance in healthy older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Kita M., Kobayashi K., Obara K., Koikeda T., Umeda S., Ano Y.

Frontiers in Neuroscience （Frontiers in Neuroscience）  13 （ APR ） 399 2019年

査読有り,  ISSN  16624548

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Copyright © 2019 Kita, Kobayashi, Obara, Koikeda, Umeda and Ano. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Epidemiological reports showed that consumptions of fermented dairy products are beneficial for cognitive decline in elderly. Our previous preclinical studies have demonstrated that intakes of whey peptide rich in the β-lactolin [β-lactopeptide of glycine-thereonine-tryptophan-tyrosine (GTWY)] improve memory and attention by regulating monoamine system, and clinical study using neuropsychological test suggested that consumptions with GTWY-rich whey peptide enhance cognitive performance associated with the frontal cortex activity. However, corresponding interventional studies in humans are limited. Objectives: to evaluate the effects of the whey peptide on cognitive functions in healthy older adults using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial design. 114 healthy subjects aged 50-75 were supplemented with the whey peptide or placebo for 12 weeks, and changes in cognitive function were assessed using neuropsychological tests at weeks 0, 6, and 12 of the intervention. Neuropsychological tests included assessments for memory functions (subtests from Wechsler memory scale-revised, standard verbal paired-associate learning test, and recognition memory test for faces), assessments for attention (cancelation and detection tests), and assessments for general cognitive functions (repeatable battery for assessments of neuropsychological status). Cerebral blood flow was also assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) after 6 weeks of intervention. This study was registered on the 19 November, 2017 in the database of the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) prior to enrollment of subjects (Registration No. UMIN000030461: https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htm). In the whey peptide group, visual paired-associates I and visual cancelation tests were significantly improved compared with those in the placebo group at weeks 6 and 12 of the intervention, respectively. Visuospatial and constructional scores of the repeatable battery for assessments of neuropsychological status and standard verbal paired-associate learning tests (S-PA) also tended to be improved by the intervention at week 12. Daily intakes of GTWY-rich whey peptide show beneficial effects on cognitive performance, especially associative learning memory and control of attention, in healthy older adults and might prevent age-related cognitive declines.

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Frontopolar cortex activation associated with pessimistic future-thinking in adults with major depressive disorder

Katayama N., Nakagawa A., Umeda S., Terasawa Y., Kurata C., Tabuchi H., Kikuchi T., Mimura M.

NeuroImage: Clinical （NeuroImage: Clinical）  23   101877 - 101877 2019年

査読有り

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© 2019 The Author(s) Background: Pessimistic thinking about the future is one of the cardinal symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and is an important domain of cognitive functioning associated with hopelessness. Neuroimaging studies have shown that the frontopolar cortex (Brodmann area [BA] 10) is involved in thinking about the future and demonstrated that patients with MDD have dysfunctions in BA10. However, the relationship between pessimistic thinking about the future and brain activity is unclear. Hence, we aimed to compare brain activity during future-thinking between patients with MDD and healthy individuals. Methods: We assessed 23 patients with current MDD and 23 healthy individuals. Participants were instructed to imagine the future or to recall the past using the future-thinking paradigm with four distinct temporal conditions (distant future, near future, distant past, and near past) during functional MRI. Resting-state functional MRI was also performed to explore the functional connectivity of BA10. Results: Compared with healthy individuals, patients with MDD had greater negative thinking about the distant future and exhibited increased activation in the medial BA10 when imagining the distant future, following small-volume correction focusing on the frontopolar a priori region of interest (family-wise error correction p < 0.05). Increased positive functional correlation between the right BA10 seed region and the posterior cingulate cortex was also observed. Conclusion: Patients with MDD who show greater pessimistic thinking about the distant future demonstrate increased activation in the frontopolar cortex. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that frontopolar cortical dysfunction plays a key role in the hopelessness that manifests in patients with MDD.

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PET-detectable tau pathology correlates with long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury

Takahata K., Kimura Y., Sahara N., Koga S., Shimada H., Ichise M., Saito F., Moriguchi S., Kitamura S., Kubota M., Umeda S., Niwa F., Mizushima J., Morimoto Y., Funayama M., Tabuchi H., Bieniek K.F., Kawamura K., Zhang M.R., Dickson D.W., Mimura M., Kato M., Suhara T., Higuchi M.

Brain （Brain）  142 （ 10 ） 3265 - 3279 2019年

査読有り,  ISSN  00068950

　概要を見る

© The Author(s) (2019). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. Tau deposits is a core feature of neurodegenerative disorder following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite ample evidence from post-mortem studies demonstrating exposure to both mild-repetitive and severe TBIs are linked to tau depositions, associations of topology of tau lesions with late-onset psychiatric symptoms due to TBI have not been explored. To address this issue, we assessed tau deposits in long-term survivors of TBI by PET with 11C-PBB3, and evaluated those associations with late-life neuropsychiatric outcomes. PET data were acquired from 27 subjects in the chronic stage following mild-repetitive or severe TBI and 15 healthy control subjects. Among the TBI patients, 14 were diagnosed as having late-onset symptoms based on the criteria of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome. For quantification of tau burden in TBI brains, we calculated 11C-PBB3 binding capacity (cm3), which is a summed voxel value of binding potentials (BP*ND) multiplied by voxel volume. Main outcomes of the present study were differences in 11C-PBB3 binding capacity between groups, and the association of regional 11C-PBB3 binding capacity with neuropsychiatric symptoms. To confirm 11C-PBB3 binding to tau deposits in TBI brains, we conducted in vitro PBB3 fluorescence and phospho-tau antibody immunofluorescence labelling of brain sections of chronic traumatic encephalopathy obtained from the Brain Bank. Our results showed that patients with TBI had higher 11C-PBB3 binding capacities in the neocortical grey and white matter segments than healthy control subjects. Furthermore, TBI patients with traumatic encephalopathy syndrome showed higher 11C-PBB3 binding capacity in the white matter segment than those without traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, and regional assessments revealed that subgroup difference was also significant in the frontal white matter. 11C-PBB3 binding capacity in the white matter segment correlated with the severity of psychosis. In vitro assays demonstrated PBB3-positive tau inclusions at the depth of neocortical sulci, confirming 11C-PBB3 binding to tau lesions. In conclusion, increased 11C-PBB3 binding capacity is associated with late-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms following TBI, and a close correlation was found between psychosis and 11C-PBB3 binding capacity in the white matter.

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Spontaneous activation of event details in episodic future simulation

Ito Y., Terasawa Y., Umeda S., Kawaguchi J.

Frontiers in Psychology （Frontiers in Psychology）  10 （ MAR ） 625 2019年

査読有り

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© 2019 Ito, Terasawa, Umeda and Kawaguchi. Episodic future simulation is supported by both the retrieval and recombination of episodic details. It remains unclear, however, how individuals retrieve episodic details from memory to construct possible future scenarios; for this people must use details related to the planned future events appropriately. A potentially relevant cognitive process is the spontaneous activation of intention observed in prospective memory (i.e., the intention superiority effect). Previous studies on prospective memory have shown that the approximation of retrieval opportunities for future intentions activate related information, suggesting that the intention superiority effect is context-sensitive. We hypothesized that the same cognitive process underlies future simulation-that is, details related to future events should spontaneously become activated at the appropriate moment of future simulation to make that simulation plausible. In Experiment 1, participants took part in future experiments and formed intentions to perform particular actions for the next experiments. Subsequently, they imagined events that could occur up until they arrived at the experimental room on the day of the next experiment. During this exercise, they did not imagine engaging in the required experimental task. We measured the conceptual activation of intention-related information via a recognition task using intended action words as targets. The results showed the intention superiority effect-concepts related to participants' future intentions became active when envisioning future events approaching the next experiment. In Experiments 2 and 3, we ensured that the intention superiority effect in future simulation was context-sensitive by adding a control condition that required participants to imagine events other than the approaching future experiments. These results indicated that concepts related to the intended actions were spontaneously activated when imagined future events became both temporally and spatially close to the future simulation. Our finding suggests that spontaneous activation of details approaching the context of a future simulation helps in constructing plausible future scenarios.

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Dysconnectivity of the agency network in schizophrenia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Koreki A., Maeda T., Okimura T., Terasawa Y., Kikuchi T., Umeda S., Nishikata S., Yagihashi T., Kasahara M., Nagai C., Moriyama Y., Den R., Watanabe T., Kikumoto H., Kato M., Mimura M.

Frontiers in Psychiatry （Frontiers in Psychiatry）  10 （ APR ） 171 - 171 2019年

査読有り

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Copyright © 2019 Koreki, Maeda, Okimura, Terasawa, Kikuchi, Umeda, Nishikata, Yagihashi, Kasahara, Nagai, Moriyama, Den, Watanabe, Kikumoto, Kato and Mimura. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Background: Self-disturbances in schizophrenia have recently been explained by an abnormality in the sense of agency (SoA). The cerebral structures of SoA in healthy people are considered to mainly include the insula and inferior parietal lobule. In contrast, the functional lesion of aberrant SoA in schizophrenia is not yet fully understood. Considering the recent explanation of establishing SoA from the standpoint of associative learning, the “agency network” may include not only the insula and inferior parietal lobule but also the striatum. We hypothesized that aberrant SoA in schizophrenia is based on a deficit in the “agency network.” Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while patients with schizophrenia (n = 15) and matched controls (n = 15) performed our adaptation method of agency attribution task on a trial-by-trial basis to assess participants' explicit experience of the temporal causal relationship between an action and an external event with temporal biases. Analysis of functional connectivity was done using the right supramarginal gyrus and the right middle frontal gyrus as seed regions. Results: In healthy controls, analyses revealed increased activation of the right inferior parietal lobule (mainly the supramarginal gyrus), right insula, and right middle frontal gyrus as an activation of the agency condition. We defined activated Brodmann areas shown in the agency condition of healthy controls as the seed region for connectivity analysis. The connectivity analysis revealed lower connectivity between the head of the left caudate nucleus and right supramarginal gyrus in the patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: This dysconnectivity of the agency network in schizophrenia may lead to self-disturbance through deficits in associative learning of SoA. These findings may explain why pathological function of the striatum in schizophrenia leads to self-disturbance.

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Neurocognitive mechanisms of social anxiety and interoception

Terasawa Y., Umeda S.

Island of Reil (Insula) in the Human Brain: Anatomical, Functional, Clinical and Surgical Aspects （Island of Reil (Insula) in the Human Brain: Anatomical, Functional, Clinical and Surgical Aspects）     113 - 120 2018年07月

ISSN  9783319754673

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Effect of supplementation of a whey peptide rich in tryptophan-tyrosine-related peptides on cognitive performance in healthy adults

Kita Masahiro, Obara Kuniaki, Kondo Sumio, Umeda Satoshi, Ano Yasuhisa

Nutrients 10 （ 7 ）  2018年07月

ISSN  2072-6643

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<p>Background: Previous epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that dairy products have beneficial effects on cognitive decline and dementia. Enzymatic digestion of whey protein produces a whey peptide rich in tryptophan-tyrosine-related peptides which improve cognitive performance in mice. We evaluated the effects of whey peptides on cognitive functions in healthy adults in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Methods: 101 healthy adults (45 to 64 years), with a self-awareness of cognitive decline received either whey peptide or placebo supplements for 12 weeks. Changes in cognitive function were assessed using neuropsychological tests at 6 and 12 weeks after the start of supplementation. Results: Verbal fluency test (VFT) score changes tended to be higher in the whey peptide group compared with the placebo at 12 weeks. Subgroup analysis classified by the degree of subjective fatigue showed that changes in the VFT as well as the Stroop and subjective memory function tests between baseline and 6 weeks of intervention were significantly better in subjects with high-level fatigue from the whey peptide group as compared to the placebo group. Conclusions: Intake of whey peptide might improve cognitive function in healthy middle- and older-aged adults with high subjective fatigue levels. Further studies will elucidate the relationship among cognitive improvement, whey peptides, and psychological fatigue.</p>

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Effect of supplementation of a whey peptide rich in tryptophan-tyrosine-related peptides on cognitive performance in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Kita M., Obara K., Kondo S., Umeda S., Ano Y.

Nutrients （Nutrients）  10 （ 7 ）  2018年07月

　概要を見る

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Background: Previous epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that dairy products have beneficial effects on cognitive decline and dementia. Enzymatic digestion of whey protein produces a whey peptide rich in tryptophan-tyrosine-related peptides which improve cognitive performance in mice. We evaluated the effects of whey peptides on cognitive functions in healthy adults in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Methods: 101 healthy adults (45 to 64 years), with a self-awareness of cognitive decline received either whey peptide or placebo supplements for 12 weeks. Changes in cognitive function were assessed using neuropsychological tests at 6 and 12 weeks after the start of supplementation. Results: Verbal fluency test (VFT) score changes tended to be higher in the whey peptide group compared with the placebo at 12 weeks. Subgroup analysis classified by the degree of subjective fatigue showed that changes in the VFT as well as the Stroop and subjective memory function tests between baseline and 6 weeks of intervention were significantly better in subjects with high-level fatigue from the whey peptide group as compared to the placebo group. Conclusions: Intake of whey peptide might improve cognitive function in healthy middle- and older-aged adults with high subjective fatigue levels. Further studies will elucidate the relationship among cognitive improvement, whey peptides, and psychological fatigue.

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Functional Anatomy of Encoding/Retrieval Processing in the Medial Parietal Areas

Umeda S.

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo （Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo）  70 （ 7 ） 763 - 769 2018年07月

ISSN  18816096

　概要を見る

This article reviews memory functions in the medial parietal areas, which consist of the retrosplenial cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, and the precuneus. These areas are involved in various cognitive functions including memory processing, spatial cognition, and self-related processing. Fundamental previous studies from the areas of neuropsychology, neuroimaging, psychiatry, and neurology, are covered to describe memory-related functions in the medial parietal areas. The focus is on the default mode network and the encoding/retrieval flip as key issues for understanding memory functions in the medial parietal areas.

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Interoception and Mental Health

Khalsa Sahib S., Adolphs Ralph, Cameron Oliver G., Critchley Hugo D., Davenport Paul W., Feinstein Justin S., Feusner Jamie D., Garfinkel Sarah N., Lane Richard D., Mehling Wolf E., Meuret Alicia E., Nemeroff Charles B., Oppenheimer Stephen, Petzschner Frederike H., Pollatos Olga, Rhudy Jamie L., Schramm Lawrence P., Simmons W. Kyle, Stein Murray B., Stephan Klaas E., Van den Bergh Omer, Van Diest Ilse, von Leupoldt Andreas, Paulus Martin P., Ainley Vivien, Al Zoubi Obada, Aupperle Robin, Avery Jason, Baxter Leslie, Benke Christoph, Berner Laura, Bodurka Jerzy, Breese Eric, Brown Tiffany, Burrows Kaiping, Cha Yoon Hee, Clausen Ashley, Cosgrove Kelly, Deville Danielle, Duncan Laramie, Duquette Patrice, Ekhtiari Hamed, Fine Thomas, Ford Bart, Garcia Cordero Indira, Gleghorn Diamond, Guereca Yvette, Harrison Neil A., Terasawa Yuuri, Umeda Satoshi

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 3 （ 6 ） 501 - 513 2018年06月

ISSN  2451-9022

　概要を見る

<p>Interoception refers to the process by which the nervous system senses, interprets, and integrates signals originating from within the body, providing a moment-by-moment mapping of the body's internal landscape across conscious and unconscious levels. Interoceptive signaling has been considered a component process of reflexes, urges, feelings, drives, adaptive responses, and cognitive and emotional experiences, highlighting its contributions to the maintenance of homeostatic functioning, body regulation, and survival. Dysfunction of interoception is increasingly recognized as an important component of different mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, addictive disorders, and somatic symptom disorders. However, a number of conceptual and methodological challenges have made it difficult for interoceptive constructs to be broadly applied in mental health research and treatment settings. In November 2016, the Laureate Institute for Brain Research organized the first Interoception Summit, a gathering of interoception experts from around the world, with the goal of accelerating progress in understanding the role of interoception in mental health. The discussions at the meeting were organized around four themes: interoceptive assessment, interoceptive integration, interoceptive psychopathology, and the generation of a roadmap that could serve as a guide for future endeavors. This review article presents an overview of the emerging consensus generated by the meeting.</p>

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Interoception and Mental Health: A Roadmap

Khalsa S., Adolphs R., Cameron O., Critchley H., Davenport P., Feinstein J., Feusner J., Garfinkel S., Lane R., Mehling W., Meuret A., Nemeroff C., Oppenheimer S., Petzschner F., Pollatos O., Rhudy J., Schramm L., Simmons W., Stein M., Stephan K., Van den Bergh O., Van Diest I., von Leupoldt A., Paulus M., Ainley V., Al Zoubi O., Aupperle R., Avery J., Baxter L., Benke C., Berner L., Bodurka J., Breese E., Brown T., Burrows K., Cha Y., Clausen A., Cosgrove K., Deville D., Duncan L., Duquette P., Ekhtiari H., Fine T., Ford B., Garcia Cordero I., Gleghorn D., Guereca Y., Harrison N., Hassanpour M., Hechler T., Heller A., Hellman N., Herbert B., Jarrahi B., Kerr K., Kirlic N., Klabunde M., Kraynak T., Kriegsman M., Kroll J., Kuplicki R., Lapidus R., Le T., Hagen K., Mayeli A., Morris A., Naqvi N., Oldroyd K., Pané-Farré C., Phillips R., Poppa T., Potter W., Puhl M., Safron A., Sala M., Savitz J., Saxon H., Schoenhals W., Stanwell-Smith C., Teed A., Terasawa Y., Thompson K., Toups M., Umeda S., Upshaw V., Victor T., Wierenga C., Wohlrab C., Yeh H., Yoris A., Zeidan F., Zotev V., Zucker N.

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging （Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging）  3 （ 6 ） 501 - 513 2018年06月

ISSN  24519022

　概要を見る

© 2017 Society of Biological Psychiatry Interoception refers to the process by which the nervous system senses, interprets, and integrates signals originating from within the body, providing a moment-by-moment mapping of the body's internal landscape across conscious and unconscious levels. Interoceptive signaling has been considered a component process of reflexes, urges, feelings, drives, adaptive responses, and cognitive and emotional experiences, highlighting its contributions to the maintenance of homeostatic functioning, body regulation, and survival. Dysfunction of interoception is increasingly recognized as an important component of different mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, addictive disorders, and somatic symptom disorders. However, a number of conceptual and methodological challenges have made it difficult for interoceptive constructs to be broadly applied in mental health research and treatment settings. In November 2016, the Laureate Institute for Brain Research organized the first Interoception Summit, a gathering of interoception experts from around the world, with the goal of accelerating progress in understanding the role of interoception in mental health. The discussions at the meeting were organized around four themes: interoceptive assessment, interoceptive integration, interoceptive psychopathology, and the generation of a roadmap that could serve as a guide for future endeavors. This review article presents an overview of the emerging consensus generated by the meeting.

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モチベーションを向上させるVR生活行動トレーニング構成法とリハビリテーションへの可能性 (イメージ・メディア・クオリティ)

佐野 睦夫, 田中 耀介, 阿部 能成, 中前 貴, 成本 迅, 田渕 肇, 斎藤 文恵, 梅田 聡

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 （電子情報通信学会）  117 （ 483 ） 117 - 121 2018年03月

ISSN  0913-5685

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Retrospective time estimation following damage to the prefrontal cortex

Kurosaki Y., Terasawa Y., Ibata Y., Hashimoto R., Umeda S.

Journal of Neuropsychology （Journal of Neuropsychology）  14 （ 1 ） 135 - 153 2018年01月

査読有り,  ISSN  1748-6645

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© 2018 The British Psychological Society Time estimation in patients with prefrontal cortex (PFC) damage is often inaccurate. The relationship between PFC and estimation of short time intervals has been examined. However, it remains unclear whether PFC damage affects estimation of longer time intervals. Here, we investigated the ability of patients and healthy subjects to verbally estimate a period of 30 min, using a method easily applied in clinical settings. In 99 patients with brain damage, we compared under and normal ranges of time in patients with PFC damage or damage to other brain areas with the chi-squared test. Subsequently, we conducted a discriminant analysis and a multiple linear regression analysis to identify specific brain areas affecting time estimation. We observed a significantly larger number of patients who overestimated 30 min in the group with bilateral PFC damage compared to patients with damage to other regions. Discriminant analysis revealed that damage of right lateral PFC and left medial PFC contributed to discrimination between the normal range and overestimation groups. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that right lateral PFC damage strongly affected overestimation of a 30-min interval. Neuropsychological test results revealed lower general cognitive function scores and orientation scores in overestimation group. The length of estimated time and the score of delayed word recall were negatively correlated. We propose that these may require encoding, maintenance, and updating of memory and are indirectly related to contextual memory. We discuss hypotheses on contextual memory segmentation and reconstruction to clarify the mechanism of impaired time overestimation in PFC-damaged patients.

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Comparison of emotional processing assessed with fear conditioning by interpersonal conflicts in patients with depression and schizophrenia

Tani H., Tada M., Maeda T., Konishi M., Umeda S., Terasawa Y., Mimura M., Takahashi T., Uchida H.

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences （Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences）  73 （ 3 ） 116 - 125 2018年01月

ISSN  1323-1316

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© 2018 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences © 2018 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology Aim: While emotional processing is implicated in various psychiatric illnesses, its differences among diagnoses are unclear. We compared associative learning of social values in patients with depression and schizophrenia by measuring skin conductance response to interpersonal stimuli. Methods: We included 20 female outpatients each with depression and schizophrenia. They underwent Pavlovian conditioning experiments in response to a classical aversive sound, and an interpersonal stimulus that was designed to cause aversive social conditioning with actors’ faces coupled with negative verbal messages. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between the degree of conditioned response and the clinical characteristics of the participants. Results: Conditioned responses during the acquisition phase in both conditions were higher in depression compared to schizophrenia. Patients with depression successfully showed fear conditioning in both conditions, and they exhibited slower extinction in the interpersonal condition. The conditioned response during the extinction phase showed a positive association with Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Expressive Suppression score, and a negative association with the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Cognitive Reappraisal score and the use of antidepressants. Patients with schizophrenia did not become conditioned in either of the conditions. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Negative Syndrome score was negatively associated with the degree of conditioned response during the acquisition phase in the interpersonal condition. Conclusion: Female patients with schizophrenia, especially those who prominently demonstrated negative symptoms, suggested their intrinsic impairments in the associative learning of social context. Antidepressants and adaptive emotional regulation strategy may enhance the extinction learning of aversive social conditioning in depression.

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うつ病患者における未来に対する否定的な認知の偏り:未来性思考課題を用いて

片山奈理子, 中川敦夫, 梅田聡, 寺澤悠理, 田渕肇, 菊地俊暁, 三村將

日本うつ病学会総会プログラム・抄録集 15th 2018年

Sustained Attention Function Evaluation during Cooking Based on Egocentric Vision

Ooi Sho, Sano Mutsuo, Tabuchi Hajime, Saito Fumie, Umeda Satoshi

Proceedings - 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia, ISM 2017 （Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.）  2017-January   107 - 113 2017年12月

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<p>The attention function has been classified into (i) sustained attention, (ii) selective attention, (iii) controlled attention, (iv) distributed attention, and (v) capacity for attention. Ordinarily, in order to evaluate the function of attention, the digital cancellation test (D-CAT) or trail making test (TMT) are employed. However, these evaluations are in the form of paper tests, and cannot effectively evaluate small changes in activities daily of living in real time. Accordingly, we focus on human behavior during the act of cooking, in which multitasking is common and many types of ordinary movements are performed. We previously proposed a method of evaluating distributive attention during cooking and showed its effectiveness. In this study, a method for evaluating sustained attention is proposed. Specifically, we acquire an egocentric video by an egocentric vision and estimate line-of-sight based on the visual attention model that is integrated from the three kind of models (category-specific attention, top-down attention, and bottom-up attention). After that, we define line-to-sight information from high saliency area on the visual attention model.</p>

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The impact of interoception on memory

Terasawa Yuri, Umeda Satoshi

Memory in a Social Context: Brain, Mind, and Society （Springer Japan）     165 - 178 2017年12月

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<p>Using interoception as a keyword, this chapter has summarized how changes in the internal physical state are encoded and how the processing of interoceptive information affects the memory of episodes and events. Interoceptive information processing is discussed frequently in the context of emotion in psychology. On the other hand, research studies and literature that have examined its relation to episodic memory are rare. However, changes in the internal physical state exist at the foundation of various concepts that have examined its relationship with memory. To understand the relationship more precisely, we focused on the following issues in this chapter: emotional arousal and bodily responses; effects of bodily responses on memory encoding; judgment related to memories and bodily response; and insular cortex and memory consolidation. Throughout the chapter, we presented the possibility that change in the physical state itself plays a role in latently supporting the encoding and recollection process.</p>

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FEELING CHANGES OF INTERNAL BODILY STATE DURING EMOTIONAL RECOGNITION: AN ERP AND HEP STUDY

Yuto Tanaka, Yuichi Ito, Midori Shibata, Yuri Terasawa, Satoshi Umeda

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 54   S120 - S120 2017年12月

ISSN  0048-5772

TEMPORAL AND AFFECTIVE ORIENTATION OF THOUGHT IN DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY: AN ERP AND HEP STUDY

Yuichi Ito, Midori Shibata, Yuto Tanaka, Yuri Terasawa, Satoshi Umeda

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 54   S52 - S52 2017年12月

ISSN  0048-5772