研究者詳細 - 梅田　聡

論文 - 梅田　聡

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Sustained Attention Function Evaluation during Cooking Based on Egocentric Vision

Ooi Sho, Sano Mutsuo, Tabuchi Hajime, Saito Fumie, Umeda Satoshi

2017-January 107 - 113 2017年12月

The attention function has been classified into (i) sustained attention, (ii) selective attention, (iii) controlled attention, (iv) distributed attention, and (v) capacity for attention. Ordinarily, in order to evaluate the function of attention, the digital cancellation test (D-CAT) or trail making test (TMT) are employed. However, these evaluations are in the form of paper tests, and cannot effectively evaluate small changes in activities daily of living in real time. Accordingly, we focus on human behavior during the act of cooking, in which multitasking is common and many types of ordinary movements are performed. We previously proposed a method of evaluating distributive attention during cooking and showed its effectiveness. In this study, a method for evaluating sustained attention is proposed. Specifically, we acquire an egocentric video by an egocentric vision and estimate line-of-sight based on the visual attention model that is integrated from the three kind of models (category-specific attention, top-down attention, and bottom-up attention). After that, we define line-to-sight information from high saliency area on the visual attention model.

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The impact of interoception on memory

Terasawa Yuri, Umeda Satoshi

165 - 178 2017年12月

Using interoception as a keyword, this chapter has summarized how changes in the internal physical state are encoded and how the processing of interoceptive information affects the memory of episodes and events. Interoceptive information processing is discussed frequently in the context of emotion in psychology. On the other hand, research studies and literature that have examined its relation to episodic memory are rare. However, changes in the internal physical state exist at the foundation of various concepts that have examined its relationship with memory. To understand the relationship more precisely, we focused on the following issues in this chapter: emotional arousal and bodily responses; effects of bodily responses on memory encoding; judgment related to memories and bodily response; and insular cortex and memory consolidation. Throughout the chapter, we presented the possibility that change in the physical state itself plays a role in latently supporting the encoding and recollection process.

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Area 10, 38

Umeda Satoshi

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo 69 （ 4 ） 355 - 365 2017年04月

ISSN 1881-6096

This paper reviews the structural specificities and functional roles in Brodmann areas 10 and 38. A number of studies have focused on both areas through various approaches including neuropsychology, neuroimaging, psychiatry, neurology, and neurosurgery. Both areas 10 and 38 may have a substantially very complex higher-order cognitive functions, which are quite hard to disentangle. Here, I picked up some fundamental perspectives for reviewing previous studies, to provide efficient research orientations for the elucidation of functions in both areas.

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Time course and localization of brain activity in humor comprehension

Shibata Midori, Terasawa Yuri, Osumi Takahiro, Masui Keita, Ito Yuichi, Sato Arisa, Umeda Satoshi

Brain Research 1657 215 - 222 2017年02月

ISSN 0006-8993

Although a number of studies have investigated the incongruity-detection and resolution process in humor comprehension, it is difficult to functionally and anatomically dissociate these processes. We used event-related potentials (ERP) and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis (sLORETA) to examine the time course and localization of brain activity during incongruity detection and resolution. We used the same materials as in our previous fMRI study. Eighteen participants read funny and unfunny scenarios and judged whether the target sentence was funny or not. Results indicated that ERPs elicited by a funny punch line showed a P2 component followed by a P600 component over the centro-parietal electrode sites. Our sLORETA analysis of the P2 ERPs revealed a stronger activation for the funny vs. unfunny condition in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). For the P600 ERPs, the funny punch line elicited greater activation in the temporal-parietal regions. These results indicate that incongruity-detection processes activate the SFG and mPFC in the P2 time window, while incongruity-resolution processes generate activation at the temporal-parietal regions in the P600 time window. These results provide the evidence that verbal humor comprehension is processed in steps which start with the incongruity detection in the early P2 time window and followed by a P600 component reflecting incongruity resolution.

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Time course and localization of brain activity in humor comprehension: An ERP/sLORETA study

梅田聡

BRAIN RESEARCH 1657 215 - 222 2017年02月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, ISSN 0006-8993

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Prospective memory mediated by interoceptive accuracy

Umeda Satoshi, Tochizawa Saiko, Shibata Midori, Terasawa Yuri

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371 （ 1708 ） 2016年11月

ISSN 0962-8436

Previous studies on prospective memory (PM), defined as memory for future intentions, suggest that psychological stress enhances successful PM retrieval. However, the mechanisms underlying this notion remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that PM retrieval is achieved through interaction with autonomic nervous activity, which is mediated by the individual accuracy of interoceptive awareness, as measured by the heartbeat detection task. In this study, the relationship between cardiac reactivity and retrieval of delayed intentions was evaluated using the event-based PM task. Participants were required to detect PM target letters while engaged in an ongoing 2-back working memory task. The results demonstrated that individuals with higher PM task performance had a greater increase in heart rate on PM target presentation. Also, higher interoceptive perceivers showed better PM task performance. This pattern was not observed for working memory task performance. These findings suggest that cardiac afferent signals enhance PM retrieval, which is mediated by individual levels of interoceptive accuracy. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health’.

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Emotion disorders and abnormal perspiration

Umeda Satoshi

Brain and Nerve 68 （ 8 ） 893 - 901 2016年08月

ISSN 1881-6096

This article reviewed the relationship between emotional disorders and abnormal perspiration. First, I focused on local brain areas related to emotional processing, and summarized the functions of the emotional network involving those local areas. Functional disorders followed by the damage in the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and insular cortex were reviewed, including related abnormal perspiration. I then addressed the mechanisms of how autonomic disorders influence emotional processing. Finally, possible future directions for integrated understanding of the connection between neural activities and bodily reactions were discussed.

Behavioral evidence of delayed prediction signals during agency attribution in patients with schizophrenia

Koreki Akihiro, Maeda Takaki, Fukushima Hirokata, Umeda Satoshi, Takahata Keisuke, Okimura Tsukasa, Funayama Michitaka, Iwashita Satoru, Mimura Masaru, Kato Motoichiro

Psychiatry Research 230 （ 1 ） 78 - 83 2015年11月

ISSN 0165-1781

Self-disturbance, a core feature of schizophrenia, recently has been explained from the standpoint of an abnormal sense of agency (SoA). Previous studies showed that aberrant SoA in schizophrenia arise from imprecise predictions about the sensory consequences of actions. However, the nature of the malfunctioning predictions remains unclear. We examined the temporally "delayed" nature of inadequate predictions. We studied 30 patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls. Our original SoA task evaluates explicit experience of the temporal causal relationship between an intentional action and an effect on a computer screen under the presence of temporal biases. We introduced an adaptation with a "trial-by-trial" method that prolonged or shortened the temporal biases. We hypothesized that delayed prediction signals in schizophrenia could lead to a match in timing between predictions and actual outcomes, resulting in self-agency. The adjustment courses to changing temporal biases were evaluated. Patients with schizophrenia continued to feel self-agency even when the adjusted temporal bias was longer than 1000. ms. This result indicated that patient's prediction would be delayed in each trial. Our study empirically showed behavioral evidence for "delayed" prediction signals in a SoA paradigm for the first time.

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Behavioral evidence of delayed prediction signals during agency attribution in patients with schizophrenia

梅田聡

PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH 230 （ 1 ） 78 - 83 2015年11月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, ISSN 0165-1781

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Attenuated sensitivity to the emotions of others by insular lesion

梅田聡

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY 6 78 - 83 2015年09月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, ISSN 1664-1078

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Fear conditioning induced by interpersonal conflicts in healthy individuals

Tada Mitsuhiro, Uchida Hiroyuki, Maeda Takaki, Konishi Mika, Umeda Satoshi, Terasawa Yuri, Nakajima Shinichiro, Mimura Masaru, Miyazaki Tomoyuki, Takahashi Takuya

PLoS ONE 10 （ 5 ） 2015年05月

Psychophysiological markers have been focused to investigate the psychopathology of psychiatric disorders and personality subtypes. In order to understand neurobiological mechanisms underlying these conditions, fear-conditioning model has been widely used. However, simple aversive stimuli are too simplistic to understand mechanisms because most patients with psychiatric disorders are affected by social stressors. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a newly-designed conditioning experiment using a stimulus to cause interpersonal conflicts and examine associations between personality traits and response to that stimulus. Twenty-nine healthy individuals underwent the fear conditioning and extinction experiments in response to three types of stimuli: a simple aversive sound, disgusting pictures, and pictures of an actors' face with unpleasant verbal messages that were designed to cause interpersonal conflicts. Conditioned response was quantified by the skin conductance response (SCR). Correlations between the SCR changes, and personality traits measured by the Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (ZAN-BPD) and Revised NEO Personality Inventory were explored. The interpersonal conflict stimulus resulted in successful conditioning, which was subsequently extinguished, in a similar manner as the other two stimuli. Moreover, a greater degree of conditioned response to the interpersonal conflict stimulus correlated with a higher ZANBPD total score. Fear conditioning and extinction can be successfully achieved, using interpersonal conflicts as a stimulus. Given that conditioned fear caused by the interpersonal conflicts is likely associated with borderline personality traits, this paradigm could contribute to further understanding of underlying mechanisms of interpersonal fear implicated in borderline personality disorder.

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Neurovisceral phenotypes in the expression of psychiatric symptoms

Eccles Jessica A., Owens Andrew P., Mathias Christopher J., Umeda Satoshi, Critchley Hugo D.

Frontiers in Neuroscience 9 （ JAN ） 2015年

ISSN 1662-4548

This review explores the proposal that vulnerability to psychological symptoms, particularly anxiety, originates in constitutional differences in the control of bodily state, exemplified by a set of conditions that include Joint Hypermobility, Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Vasovagal Syncope. Research is revealing how brainbody mechanisms underlie individual differences in psychophysiological reactivity that can be important for predicting, stratifying and treating individuals with anxiety disorders and related conditions. One common constitutional difference is Joint Hypermobility, in which there is an increased range of joint movement as a result of a variant of collagen. Joint hypermobility is over-represented in people with anxiety, mood and neurodevelopmental disorders. It is also linked to stress-sensitive medical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Structural differences in 'emotional' brain regions are reported in hypermobile individuals, and many people with joint hypermobility manifest autonomic abnormalities, typically Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. Enhanced heart rate reactivity during postural change and as recently recognised factors causing vasodilatation (as noted post prandially, post exertion and with heat) is characteristic of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, and there is a phenomenological overlap with anxiety disorders, which may be partially accounted for by exaggerated neural reactivity within ventromedial prefrontal cortex. People who experience Vasovagal Syncope, a heritable tendency to fainting induced by emotional challenges (and needle/blood phobia), are also more vulnerable to anxiety disorders. Neuroimaging implicates brainstem differences in vulnerability to faints, yet the structural integrity of the caudate nucleus appears important for the control of fainting frequency in relation to parasympathetic tone and anxiety. Together there is clinical and neuroanatomical evidence to show that common constitutional differences affecting autonomic responsivity are linked to psychiatric symptoms, notably anxiety.

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Structural brain abnormalities in postural tachycardia syndrome

Umeda Satoshi, Harrison Neil Andrew, Gray Marcus A., Mathias Christopher J., Critchley Hugo D.

Frontiers in Neuroscience 9 （ JAN ） 2015年

ISSN 1662-4548

Postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS), a form of dysautonomia, is characterized by orthostatic intolerance, and is frequently accompanied by a range of symptoms including palpitations, lightheadedness, clouding of thought, blurred vision, fatigue, anxiety and depression. Although the estimated prevalence of PoTS is approximately 5-10 times as common as the better-known condition orthostatic hypotension, the neural substrates of the syndrome are poorly characterized. In the present study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) applying the diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra (DARTEL) procedure to examine variation in regional brain structure associated with PoTS. We recruited eleven patients with established PoTS and twenty-three age-matched normal controls. Group comparison of grey matter volume revealed diminished grey matter volume within the left anterior insula, right middle frontal gyrus and right cingulate gyrus in the PoTS group. We also observed lower white matter volume beneath the precentral gyrus and paracentral lobule, right pre- and post-central gyrus, paracentral lobule and superior frontal gyrus in PoTS patients. Subsequent ROI analyses revealed significant negative correlations between left insula volume and trait anxiety and depression scores. Together, these findings of structural differences, particularly within insular and cingulate components of the salience network, suggest a link between dysregulated physiological reactions arising from compromised central autonomic control (and interoceptive representation) and increased vulnerability to psychiatric symptoms in PoTS patients.

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Neurovisceral phenotypes in the expression of psychiatric symptoms

Eccles Jessica A., Owens Andrew P., Mathias Christopher J., Umeda Satoshi, Critchley Hugo D.

Frontiers in Neuroscience 9 （ FEB ） 2015年

ISSN 1662-4548

This review explores the proposal that vulnerability to psychological symptoms, particularly anxiety, originates in constitutional differences in the control of bodily state, exemplified by a set of conditions that include Joint Hypermobility, Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Vasovagal Syncope. Research is revealing how brain-body mechanisms underlie individual differences in psychophysiological reactivity that can be important for predicting, stratifying and treating individuals with anxiety disorders and related conditions. One common constitutional difference is Joint Hypermobility, in which there is an increased range of joint movement as a result of a variant of collagen. Joint hypermobility is over-represented in people with anxiety, mood and neurodevelopmental disorders. It is also linked to stress-sensitive medical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Structural differences in "emotional" brain regions are reported in hypermobile individuals, and many people with joint hypermobility manifest autonomic abnormalities, typically Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. Enhanced heart rate reactivity during postural change and as recently recognized factors causing vasodilatation (as noted post-prandially, post-exertion and with heat) is characteristic of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, and there is a phenomenological overlap with anxiety disorders, which may be partially accounted for by exaggerated neural reactivity within ventromedial prefrontal cortex. People who experience Vasovagal Syncope, a heritable tendency to fainting induced by emotional challenges (and needle/blood phobia), are also more vulnerable to anxiety disorders. Neuroimaging implicates brainstem differences in vulnerability to faints, yet the structural integrity of the caudate nucleus appears important for the control of fainting frequency in relation to parasympathetic tone and anxiety. Together there is clinical and neuroanatomical evidence to show that common constitutional differences affecting autonomic responsivity are linked to psychiatric symptoms, notably anxiety.

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Structural brain abnormalities in postural tachycardia syndrome

Umeda Satoshi, Harrison Neil A., Gray Marcus A., Mathias Christopher J., Critchley Hugo D.

Frontiers in Neuroscience 9 （ MAR ） 2015年

ISSN 1662-4548

Postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS), a form of dysautonomia, is characterized by orthostatic intolerance, and is frequently accompanied by a range of symptoms including palpitations, lightheadedness, clouding of thought, blurred vision, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Although the estimated prevalence of PoTS is approximately 5-10 times as common as the better-known condition orthostatic hypotension, the neural substrates of the syndrome are poorly characterized. In the present study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) applying the diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra (DARTEL) procedure to examine variation in regional brain structure associated with PoTS. We recruited 11 patients with established PoTS and 23 age-matched normal controls. Group comparison of gray matter volume revealed diminished gray matter volume within the left anterior insula, right middle frontal gyrus and right cingulate gyrus in the PoTS group. We also observed lower white matter volume beneath the precentral gyrus and paracentral lobule, right pre- and post-central gyrus, paracentral lobule and superior frontal gyrus in PoTS patients. Subsequent ROI analyses revealed significant negative correlations between left insula volume and trait anxiety and depression scores. Together, these findings of structural differences, particularly within insular and cingulate components of the salience network, suggest a link between dysregulated physiological reactions arising from compromised central autonomic control (and interoceptive representation) and increased vulnerability to psychiatric symptoms in PoTS patients.

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Integration of cognitive and affective networks in humor comprehension

Shibata Midori, Terasawa Yuri, Umeda Satoshi

Neuropsychologia 65 137 - 145 2014年12月

ISSN 0028-3932

Humor comprehension is a complex process that requires the detection and resolution of the incongruity, eliciting a positive feeling of mirth or reward. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to identify the key factors involved in this complex process. To reduce the influence of other factors, we utilized a group of sentences that were nearly identical across conditions (i.e., the first two sentences and the punch line were identical, but the third sentence was different). We found that the punch line (target sentence) in the funny condition induced a perception of funniness and elicited greater activation in language and semantic neural networks, which have been implicated in comprehension processing (i.e., incongruity detection and resolution). We also found increased activation in the mesolimbic reward regions, which have been implicated in the experience of positive rewards in the funny condition. Psycho-physiological interaction analyses revealed that language and semantic regions, such as inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), middle temporal gyrus (MTG), superior temporal gyrus (STG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) are simultaneously activated during humor comprehension processing. These analyses also revealed that the right MTG, the left IPL, and IFG showed enhanced connectivity with the midbrain. Our findings suggest that these networks play a central role in incongruity detection and resolution, as well as in positive emotional response.

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Interoceptive sensitivity predicts sensitivity to the emotions of others

Terasawa Yuri, Moriguchi Yoshiya, Tochizawa Saiko, Umeda Satoshi

Cognition and Emotion 28 （ 8 ） 1435 - 1448 2014年11月

ISSN 0269-9931

Some theories of emotion emphasise a close relationship between interoception and subjective experiences of emotion. In this study, we used facial expressions to examine whether interoceptive sensibility modulated emotional experience in a social context. Interoceptive sensibility was measured using the heartbeat detection task. To estimate individual emotional sensitivity, we made morphed photos that ranged between a neutral and an emotional facial expression (i.e., anger, sadness, disgust and happy). Recognition rates of particular emotions from these photos were calculated and considered as emotional sensitivity thresholds. Our results indicate that participants with accurate interoceptive awareness are sensitive to the emotions of others, especially for expressions of sadness and happy. We also found that false responses to sad faces were closely related with an individual's degree of social anxiety. These results suggest that interoceptive awareness modulates the intensity of the subjective experience of emotion and affects individual traits related to emotion processing.

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Neural substrates for judgment of self-agency in ambiguous situations

Fukushima Hirokata, Goto Yurie, Maeda Takaki, Kato Motoichiro, Umeda Satoshi

PLoS ONE 8 （ 8 ） 2013年08月

The sense of agency is the attribution of oneself as the cause of one's own actions and their effects. Accurate agency judgments are essential for adaptive behaviors in dynamic environments, especially in conditions of uncertainty. However, it is unclear how agency judgments are made in ambiguous situations where self-agency and non-self-agency are both possible. Agency attribution is thus thought to require higher-order neurocognitive processes that integrate several possibilities. Furthermore, neural activity specific to self-attribution, as compared with non-self-attribution, may reflect higher-order critical operations that contribute to constructions of self-consciousness. Based on these assumptions, the present study focused on agency judgments under ambiguous conditions and examined the neural correlates of this operation with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants performed a simple but demanding agency-judgment task, which required them to report on whether they attributed their own action as the cause of a visual stimulus change. The temporal discrepancy between the participant's action and the visual events was adaptively set to be maximally ambiguous for each individual on a trial-by-trial basis. Comparison with results for a control condition revealed that the judgment of agency was associated with activity in lateral temporo-parietal areas, medial frontal areas, the dorsolateral prefrontal area, and frontal operculum/insula regions. However, most of these areas did not differentiate between self- and non-self-attribution. Instead, self-attribution was associated with activity in posterior midline areas, including the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest that deliberate self-attribution of an external event is principally associated with activity in posterior midline structures, which is imperative for self-consciousness.

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Reasoning bias for the recall of one's own beliefs in a Smarties task for adults

Maehara Yukio, Umeda Satoshi

Japanese Psychological Research 55 （ 3 ） 292 - 301 2013年07月

ISSN 0021-5368

While many studies in the theory of mind (ToM) literature have investigated how we understand others' mental states, few have explored the mechanism by which we reflect on our own mental states. This study examined how adults reflect on their own and others' mental states within the same ToM task. To do so, we modified the Smarties task, one of the traditional ToM tasks for children. The results showed that adult participants were biased by outcome knowledge when recalling their false belief and that the participants who overestimated their false belief also overestimated the mental states of a naive other. These results were analogous to young children's failure in the Smarties task. Considering the current findings, we discuss possible cognitive processes that are common across children and adults when reflecting on their own mental states and the mental states of others. © Japanese Psychological Association 2013.

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How does interoceptive awareness interact with the subjective experience of emotion? An fMRI Study

Terasawa Yuri, Fukushima Hirokata, Umeda Satoshi

Human Brain Mapping 34 （ 3 ） 598 - 612 2013年03月

ISSN 1065-9471

Recent studies in cognitive neuroscience have suggested that the integration of information about the internal bodily state and the external environment is crucial for the experience of emotion. Extensive overlap between the neural mechanisms underlying the subjective emotion and those involved in interoception (perception of that which is arising from inside the body) has been identified. However, the mechanisms of interaction between the neural substrates of interoception and emotional experience remain unclear. We examined the common and distinct features of the neural activity underlying evaluation of emotional and bodily state using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The right anterior insular cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) were identified as commonly activated areas. As both of these areas are considered critical for interoceptive awareness, these results suggest that attending to the bodily state underlies awareness of one's emotional state. Uniquely activated areas involved in the evaluation of emotional state included the temporal pole, posterior and anterior cingulate cortex, medial frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Also the precuneus was functionally associated with activity of the right anterior insular cortex and VMPFC when evaluating emotional state. Our findings indicate that activation in these areas and the precuneus are functionally associated for accessing interoceptive information and underpinning subjective experience of the emotional state. Thus, awareness of one's own emotional state appears to involve the integration of interoceptive information with an interpretation of the current situation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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