研究者詳細 - 梅田　聡

論文 - 梅田　聡

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『自己』の多面性に対する脳研究からのアプローチ

月浦崇, 杉浦元亮, 北田亮, 梅田聡

認知心理学研究（日本認知心理学会） 23 （ 2 ） 181 - 189 2026年02月

ISSN 13487264

ヒトは，過去から現在まで一貫した自己を有しており，周囲の大きな変化によっても自己を失うことなく日々の生活を送ることができる．その一方で，就職や結婚などのさまざまなライフステージの変化では，環境に応じて自己を変容させることで，新たな環境においても適応的に自己を位置づけることができる．本稿では，このような適応的な自己の基盤となる神経メカニズムについて，社会的認知，知覚・運動，記憶，感情の多様な側面の脳研究からのアプローチを紹介し，適応的な自己の多面性の基盤となる脳メカニズムについて議論する．

特集脳とAI-脳科学と人工知能研究の未来内受容感覚に基づく感情の言語化-人工知能・自然言語処理による新展開

鈴木菜穂, 梅田聡, 寺澤悠理

生体の科学（株式会社医学書院） 77 （ 1 ） 46 - 50 2026年02月

ISSN 03709531

Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: Recent advances in task-based EEG

Tripanpitak, K; Wolf, A; Kapitonova, M; Umeda, S; Ball, T; Otake-Matsuura, M

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE 110 （ 1 ） 13872877251413700 - 13872877251413700 2026年02月

査読有り, ISSN 1387-2877

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for the majority of dementia-related disorders among aging populations. Given the irreversible nature of AD, early detection of cognitive impairment is critical for improving prognosis and facilitating timely interventions before individuals meet the clinical criteria for AD. Objective: The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of recent advances in task-based electroencephalography (EEG), such as using attention and inhibitory control tasks, which has recently emerged as a promising non-invasive biomarker for assessing neurophysiological alterations associated with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of task-based EEG biomarkers in distinguishing cognitively impaired individuals from those without impairment. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Semantic Scholar, and SpringerLink databases for studies published between 2017 and 2024. Results: Findings indicate consistent neurophysiological alterations in MCI and AD, particularly reductions in event-related potential amplitudes and prolonged latencies, with P3 abnormalities observed in about half of the studies assessing selective attention and inhibitory control. Similarly, a comparable number of studies using working memory tasks report disrupted functional connectivity patterns, increased low-frequency oscillations (delta and theta activity), and reduced fast oscillations (alpha and beta activity). Conclusions: These EEG-based indices demonstrate potential as objective biomarkers for detecting neural alterations associated with cognitive decline in both AD and preclinical dementia stages. Further research is needed to standardize EEG protocols and validate their clinical utility for early diagnosis and disease progression monitoring.

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Effects of rumination and distraction on working memory performance in individuals with depressive tendencies and trait anxiety

Echigo K., Umeda S.

Acta Psychologica 262 106180 - 106180 2026年02月

査読有り, ISSN 00016918

Background: Rumination prolongs depressive mood and impairs executive functioning including working memory and attentional control, even in healthy individuals. Distraction can potentially counteract these effects; however, many experimental paradigms have relied on neutral, self-unrelated content and have failed to reflect the self-focused nature of everyday rumination or the possible benefits of emotionally meaningful distractions. This study investigated the effects of rumination and positive and neutral distractions based on personally relevant content on working memory performance in healthy undergraduate students with varying levels of depressive and anxiety tendencies. Methods: Participants completed an operation-span task at three time points: baseline, immediately after rumination induction, and immediately after distraction induction. The induction phases involved participants reflecting on self-relevant negative events (rumination) or self-relevant positive/neutral events (distractions). Results: Working memory performance significantly improved only among participants with higher depressive tendencies and trait anxiety after engaging in brief, self-relevant positive thinking, compared with performance after rumination induction. This suggests that emotionally meaningful distraction temporarily facilitates recovery of executive functioning by releasing cognitive resources previously consumed by ruminative processing. Limitations: This study included healthy undergraduate students. Further research should determine whether similar effects are observed in populations with clinical depression. Conclusions: Self-relevant positive distractions may enhance executive functioning, particularly in individuals vulnerable to rumination such as those with depressive tendencies or trait anxiety. These results provide insight into low-intensity content-based strategies for cognitive recovery after negative thought engagement and have potential applications in preventive interventions for subclinical emotional dysregulation.

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Hierarchical Brain Dynamics Associated with Remission from Major Depression Across Diverse Therapeutic Modalities.

Shinagawa K, Hirano J, Kobayashi Y, Nakagawa A, Umeda S, Kamiya K, Terasawa Y, Matsumoto J, Noda T, Kyuragi Y, Suwa T, Kodaka F, Nakagome K, Murai T, Mimura M, Uchida H, Katayama N

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging 2026年01月

査読有り, ISSN 2451-9022

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder marked by disrupted brain dynamics. However, the neural mechanisms underlying remission remain poorly understood, particularly regarding common neural markers across diverse therapeutic interventions. Emerging evidence suggests that temporal brain dynamics and their hierarchical organization, referred to as Metastates, serve as sensitive markers of individual variability across cognitive functions. This study evaluated whether Metastate dynamics derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) differ according to remission status across pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and neuromodulation. METHODS: This multicenter observational study included 370 participants: 229 individuals with depression and 141 healthy controls. The depression cohort comprised individuals undergoing cognitive behavioral therapy (n=92), pharmacotherapy (n=59), electroconvulsive therapy (n=50), and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (n=28). Resting-state functional MRI data were analyzed to derive Metastate dynamics, and comparisons were made according to remission status across treatment modalities. RESULTS: Two distinct Metastates were identified: one associated with higher-order cognitive brain regions, and another linked to sensory and motor systems. Participants who achieved remission exhibited greater predictability in transitions between brain states within Metastates, supporting higher-order cognitive functions. This altered transition pattern was accompanied by alterations in the anti-correlation between the default mode and executive function networks, which may underlie the increased predictability. CONCLUSIONS: Remission from MDD may involve a reorganization of hierarchical brain dynamics-particularly in systems supporting cognitive control-and offer a potential treatment-modality-independent biomarker of remission.

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Heartbeat evoked potentials reflect interoceptive awareness during an emotional situation

Tanaka Y., Ito Y., Shibata M., Terasawa Y., Umeda S.

Scientific Reports 15 （ 1 ） 8072 - 8072 2025年12月

査読有り, ISSN 2045-2322

Interoception, the ability to perceive internal bodily signals, involves various mental processes. This study investigated moments when individuals experienced a change in their interoceptive state. Interoception affects the subjective feelings of emotions. However, whether changes in interoceptive processing occur when visceral changes are perceived as interoceptive sensations remains unclear. This study examined the psychophysiological markers of perceptual changes in the interoceptive state using heartbeat evoked potentials (HEP). Emotional photos were viewed by participants who were asked whether they experienced changes in their interoceptive state. The results showed that the HEP amplitude increased when participants had subjective awareness of changes in their interoceptive state. Notably, the HEP amplitude did not correlate with individual differences in interoceptive accuracy measured by the heartbeat counting task. When individuals perceive changes in their interoceptive state, this perception is reflected in the HEP amplitude. Multiple aspects of interoception are related to the emotional recognition and conscious attention to changing bodily states.

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How the heart shapes the mind: The role of cardiac interoception in the interaction between bodily reactions and self-related thoughts

Sakuragi M., Umeda S.

Acta Psychologica 261 105931 - 105931 2025年11月

査読有り, ISSN 00016918

Our thoughts often drift away from the tasks at hand. Various factors influence this phenomenon, including changes in the external environment, individual cognitive characteristics, and fluctuations in bodily reactions. This study investigated the relationship between fluctuations in cardiac activity and thought state transitions, focusing on individual differences such as cardiac interoception. First, the heartbeat counting task was conducted as an index of interoceptive accuracy. Participants then completed an auditory attention task with simultaneous electrocardiogram monitoring, during which they periodically reported on their thoughts. We estimated trial-by-trial thought states in a data-driven manner and examined the interplay among the current thought state, cardiac activity, and individual cardiac interoceptive accuracy. The results revealed that for individuals with high cardiac interoceptive accuracy, the persistence of self-related thought states was associated with concurrent heart rate acceleration. Furthermore, participants with higher depressive tendencies and interoceptive accuracy exhibited an increased likelihood of transitioning to self-related states when experiencing decreased heart rate during task-focused states. These findings suggest that interoception plays a dynamic role in shaping consciousness; the accurate detection of physiological arousal co-occurring with a specific thought might amplify that thought's salience, thereby influencing its persistence. This study provides new insights into the cognitive and physiological mechanisms underlying the dynamics of spontaneous thought.

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【最新の脳科学が導く疼痛診療の新時代】慢性一次性疼痛の脳科学　疼痛再処理療法(PRT)と感情認識表出療法(EAET)につなげて

眞島裕樹, 梅田聡

ペインクリニック（(株)シービーアール） 46 （ 11 ） 1183 - 1194 2025年11月

ISSN 0388-4171

急性痛が島皮質や背側前帯状皮質を中核とするセイリエンスネットワークとの関連が強い一方で,慢性一次性疼痛では,情動・感情に関連する部位の活性化が目立つ.予測処理/符号化モデルに則れば,恐怖と紐づいた痛み体験は,トップダウンの予測の重みづけを高め,実際の感覚入力とは不釣り合いに強い痛みの知覚をもたらす.疼痛再処理療法は,痛みに対する恐怖を,脳由来の無害な感覚であるという認識に変えることで高い鎮痛効果を示す.抑圧・抑制された感情の認識と表出を促す感情認識表出療法も,認知行動療法より高い鎮痛効果が報告されており,有望な心理療法である.(著者抄録)

【生理心理学と神経心理学の対話】神経心理学からみた記憶

梅田聡

脳神経内科（(有)科学評論社） 103 （ 5 ） 505 - 508 2025年11月

ISSN 2434-3285

The impact of artificial barometric pressure changes on migraine: A randomized, single-blind controlled study

Ihara, K; Watanabe, N; Ishikawa, N; Iba, C; Miyazaki, N; Takemura, R; Shibata, M; Suzuki, S; Nakahara, J; Umeda, S; Takizawa, T

CEPHALALGIA 45 47 - 48 2025年11月

ISSN 0333-1024

うつ病に対する認知行動療法と薬物療法における認知機能改善効果の比較傾向スコアを用いた縦断的検討

小林由季, 平野仁一, 中川敦夫, 竹村亮, 梅田聡, 田島美幸, 野田祥子, 天野瑞紀, 神谷慶, 内田裕之, 片山奈理子

日本認知療法・認知行動療法学会プログラム・抄録集（日本認知療法・認知行動療法学会） 25回 207 - 207 2025年10月

Psychophysiological Examination of Self-and Other-Referential Processing in Depressive and Ruminative Individuals: An ERP-Based Study

Echigo, K; Umeda, S

BIPOLAR DISORDERS 27 S147 - S147 2025年09月

ISSN 1398-5647

Dynamic neural network modulation associated with rumination in major depressive disorder: a prospective observational comparative analysis of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy

Katayama N., Shinagawa K., Hirano J., Kobayashi Y., Nakagawa A., Umeda S., Kamiya K., Tajima M., Amano M., Nogami W., Ihara S., Noda S., Terasawa Y., Kikuchi T., Mimura M., Uchida H.

Translational Psychiatry 15 （ 1 ） 267 - 267 2025年08月

査読有り, ISSN 2158-3188

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy are primary treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, their differential effects on the neural networks associated with rumination, or repetitive negative thinking, remain poorly understood. This study included 135 participants, whose rumination severity was measured using the rumination response scale (RRS) and whose resting brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at baseline and after 16 weeks. MDD patients received either standard CBT based on Beck’s manual (n = 28) or pharmacotherapy (n = 32). Using a hidden Markov model, we observed that MDD patients exhibited increased activity in the default mode network (DMN) and decreased occupancies in the sensorimotor and central executive networks (CEN). The DMN occurrence rate correlated positively with rumination severity. CBT, while not specifically designed to target rumination, reduced DMN occurrence rate and facilitated transitions toward a CEN-dominant brain state as part of broader therapeutic effects. Pharmacotherapy shifted DMN activity to the posterior region of the brain. These findings suggest that CBT and pharmacotherapy modulate brain network dynamics related to rumination through distinct therapeutic pathways.

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心理的な痛みの認知神経メカニズム

梅田聡

心身医学（一般社団法人日本心身医学会） 65 （ 4 ） 308 - 315 2025年07月

ISSN 03850307

本稿では，まず主観的な感覚である心理的な痛みの定義およびその原因となる要因について述べ，痛みの症状を生み出す認知神経メカニズムについて概説する．特に，島皮質および帯状皮質前部から構成されるセイリエンスネットワークを中心とした神経基盤の関与について，内受容感覚との関連性に着目しながら述べる．さらに，慢性的な痛みを解釈する認知神経科学の理論的枠組みを紹介し，内受容感覚のベースとなる自律神経活動の特殊性に焦点を当て，身体症状症をはじめとする臨床病態について考察する．

INTERNALIZATION AND SOMATIZATION THROUGH REACTIVE AGGRESSION AS A CAUSE OF SUBJECTIVE PAIN

Arima, A; Umeda, S

BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 87 （ 4 ） A23 - A23 2025年05月

ISSN 2998-8748

INTEROCEPTIVE ACCURACY DURING BREATH-HOLDING LEADS TO PAIN INTENSITY THROUGH SOMATOSENSORY AMPLIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PRIMARY PAIN

Mashima, Y; Wakaizumi, K; Terasawa, Y; Koreki, A; Tanaka, C; Ishikawa, N; Sakuragi, M; Minegishi, Y; Kokorokamakura; Arima, A; Uchida, H; Mimura, M; Umeda, S

BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 87 （ 4 ） A50 - A50 2025年05月

ISSN 2998-8748

Association of personality traits with rumination improvement following cognitive behavioral therapy in major depression: an observational study

Noda S., Nakagawa A., Umeda S., Amano M., Nogami W., Ihara S., Kobayashi Y., Kinouchi M.O., Takemura R., Uchida H., Katayama N.

Frontiers in Psychiatry 16 1671393 - 1671393 2025年

査読有り, ISSN 1664-0640

Introduction: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for major depressive disorder (MDD), yet individual responses vary. Personality may relate to outcomes, but its role in brooding rumination during CBT remains unclear. This study tested whether baseline personality traits are associated with brooding change in patients with MDD receiving CBT. Methods: In this prospective observational cohort, 75 outpatients were allocated to CBT + treatment-as-usual (TAU) (n=33 baseline; n=30 longitudinal) or TAU alone (n=42; n=38) based on clinical course and preference. The Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) brooding subscale and the 17-item Grid-Based Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (GRID-HAMD<inf>17</inf>) were assessed at baseline and 16 weeks; the Temperament and Personality Questionnaire (T&P) was assessed at baseline. Multiple linear regressions within each group examined associations between baseline traits and brooding change, adjusting for sex, baseline brooding, and baseline GRID-HAMD<inf>17</inf>. A trait-wise single-predictor sensitivity analysis used the same covariates. Results: Both groups demonstrated significant within-group improvements. Hedges’ g (95% CI): CBT—brooding 0.48 (0.11–0.85), GRID-HAMD<inf>17</inf> 1.07 (0.63–1.50); TAU—brooding 0.84 (0.47–1.21), GRID-HAMD<inf>17</inf> 1.46 (1.01–1.91). In CBT, higher anxious worrying was associated with greater brooding reduction (eight-predictor model: B = 0.71, p = 0.026) and remained significant in the single-predictor analysis (B = 0.36, p = 0.014). Self-criticism showed a negative association in the eight-predictor model (B=−0.60, p = 0.043) but did not persist in the single-predictor analysis. In TAU, no personality trait was associated with brooding change. Adjusted between-group differences in change (brooding, GRID-HAMD<inf>17</inf>, total DDD) were not significant. Limitations: Nonrandomized allocation, modest sample sizes, and two assessment time points limit precision and power; the eight-predictor model in CBT may be prone to overfitting, so findings are exploratory. Conclusion: In this observational cohort, personality traits, with anxious worrying appearing relevant, were associated with brooding change within CBT, whereas between-group differences were not significant. These hypothesis-generating results require validation in adequately powered randomized trials to inform stratified depression care.

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ストレス課題におけるロボット声かけの心臓血管反応への影響の調査

熊谷和実, チャンポーンパックディーインオン, 三宅徳久, トリパンピタクコンカノック, 福森航輔, 高田勝悟, 品川和志, 田仲祐登, 辻幸樹, 梅田聡, 田中聡久, 大武美保子

ロボティクス・メカトロニクス講演会講演概要集（一般社団法人日本機械学会） 2025 （ 0 ） 2P1-G05 2025年

Brain–body interactions associated with the transition from mind wandering to awareness of its occurrence

Shinagawa K., Tanaka Y., Terasawa Y., Umeda S.

Neuroscience of Consciousness 2025 （ 1 ） niaf059 2025年

査読有り

Our thoughts are inherently dynamic and often wander far from our current situation (mind wandering, MW). Although previous research revealed that brain regions involved in arousal regulation modulate neural dynamics to facilitate the transition from MW to the awareness of its occurrence, the specific physiological states and afferent signals underlying this process remain unclear. In this study, we examined electroencephalography, electrocardiography, and respiration data before participants were aware of MW during a task in which they focused on external or internal stimuli (tones or their breath). We showed that the transition to awareness of MW was characterized by decreased alpha and beta activity and a suppression of the parietal later component of the heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP), a modulation pattern identified in this study as a marker of enhanced central processing based on its consistent appearance across internal attention conditions. Furthermore, when participants were instructed to focus on their breath, they were more likely to be in the exhalation phase during the transition to awareness of MW and in the inhalation phase when MW was reported. This respiratory pattern was accompanied by changes in cardiac activity and HEP amplitudes. Based on these findings, we propose that the transition from MW to the awareness of its occurrence is associated with diverse neural activity, including the enhanced processing of bodily signals that co-occurs with specific cardiac and respiratory dynamics.

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抑うつ・反芻傾向における自己関連情報への認知的バイアス

越後くるみ, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2025 （ 0 ） 165 - 165 2025年

抑うつや反芻傾向が強い個人は，自己関連情報の処理に偏りが生じ，不適応的反応を行う傾向がある。本研究では，自己と自己関連他者の参照処理の相違を検討するため，自己および自己が経験した肯定的・否定的出来事に関連する他者を参照対象とし，肯定語・否定語の適合判断，反応時間，単語への注意指標として事象関連電位（ERP）を測定し，抑うつおよび反芻傾向の影響を検討した。抑うつや反芻傾向が強いほど自己を不適応的に判断したが，他者に対しては関連する出来事の価値と一致した判断を行っていた。抑うつや反芻傾向は反応時間に有意な影響を及ぼさなかったが，否定的出来事に関連する他者参照時の否定語への注意の低下と関連し，これは反芻の適応的側面とは関連しなかった。これらの結果は，抑うつや反芻の不適応的側面が，自己関連他者に対する文脈適合的な注意を妨げ，出来事の価値を他者ではなく自己に帰属させる傾向に影響を及ぼす可能性を示唆する。

対処不可能な状況が解離傾向者の記憶抑制に与える影響

山本麻友, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2025 （ 0 ） 158 - 158 2025年

解離は, 圧倒的なストレスに対する防衛機制であり, 特定の脳活動への過剰な抑制によって生じる。本研究では, 対処不可能な状況が解離傾向者の記憶抑制に与える影響を検討するため, スピーチ課題を用いて, 対処可能および不可能な状況を作成した。各ストレス条件下では, 中立・ポジティブ・ネガティブの感情情報を含む物語音声を呈示し, 直後に同内容について自由再生課題をおこなった。その結果, ネガティブ情報の再生成績にのみ, 解離傾向との関連がみられた。解離傾向が高いほど, 対処不可能条件での再生成績が低く, 対処可能条件では高かった。したがって, 解離傾向者では, ネガティブな情報へのアクセスが抑制されることによって, 対処不可能な状況に対応していることが示唆された。また, ネガティブな情報に選択的な抑制形態は, 解離傾向の客観的な指標となる可能性が示唆された。

脳機能ネットワークの知見とその臨床への展開可能性

梅田聡, 月浦崇

神経心理学（日本神経心理学会） 40 （ 4 ） 291 - 293 2024年12月

ISSN 09111085

Supplementation with whey peptide rich in β-lactolin improves trait anxiety and subjective stress in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Ayabe T., Shinohara M., Kita M., Takahashi C., Saito J., Furuyashiki T., Toba K., Umeda S., Ano Y.

Scientific Reports 14 （ 1 ） 23444 - 23444 2024年12月

査読有り, ISSN 2045-2322

Mental disorders have become one of the most burdensome health concerns. We have previously demonstrated that whey-derived β-lactolin (glycine–thereonine–tryptophan–tyrosine tetrapeptide) activates dopaminergic systems and improves psychiatric function in rodents. However, the effects of β-lactolin on human mood states have not been investigated. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with β-lactolin–rich whey peptide on human mood states. Sixty healthy adults (aged 45–64 years) with relatively low psychological health were randomly allocated to receive either whey peptide (containing β-lactolin 1.6 mg/day) or placebo for 6 weeks. Mood states (primary outcomes) were evaluated using self-reporting questionnaires. Health-related quality of life (QOL), salivary stress marker and lipid mediator levels were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Compared with placebo, supplementation with β-lactolin improved changes in trait anxiety (p = 0.046), as assessed using the state–trait anxiety inventory, and in subjective stress (p = 0.043), as assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale. In the assessment of QOL, changes in the vitality subscale and mental health summary score of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey were improved in the β-lactolin group. The levels of salivary immunoglobulin A were significantly higher in the β-lactolin group. In a subgroup analysis by median age (54.5 years), subjective stress and salivary prostaglandin levels were significantly decreased by β-lactolin supplementation in the 45–54 -year-old subgroup. In conclusion, supplementation with β-lactolin improves trait anxiety, subjective stress, and psychological QOL, which may be associated with immunologic responses detected via salivary analysis.

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Effects of unconscious tactile stimuli on autonomic nervous activity and afferent signal processing

Sakuragi M., Tanaka Y., Shinagawa K., Tsuji K., Umeda S.

International Journal of Psychophysiology （Elsevier BV） 205 112444 - 112444 2024年11月

査読有り, ISSN 01678760

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a mechanism that regulates our internal environment. In recent years, the interest in how tactile stimuli presented directly to the body affect ANS function and cortical processing in humans has been renewed. However, it is not yet clear how subtle tactile stimuli below the level of consciousness affect human heart rate and cortical processing. To examine this, subthreshold electrical stimuli were presented to the left forearm of 43 participants during an image-viewing task, and electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected. The changes in the R-wave interval of the ECG immediately after the subthreshold electrical presentation and heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP), the afferent signal processing of cardiac activity, were measured. The results showed that heart rate decelerated immediately after the presentation of subthreshold electrical stimuli. The HEP during stimulus presentation was amplified for participants with greater heart rate acceleration immediately after this deceleration. The magnitude of these effects depended on the type of the subthreshold tactile stimuli. The results suggest that even with subthreshold stimulation, the changes in autonomic activity associated with orienting response and related afferent signal processing differ depending on the clarity of the tactile stimuli.

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右後頭顔領域の新規脳梗塞により相貌失認および表情認知の困難さを呈した1例

澤木優治, 寺澤悠理, 梅田聡, 本村和也, 山本裕泰, 山本正彦, 山内崇弘

脳卒中（(一社)日本脳卒中学会） 46 （ 6 ） 443 - 452 2024年11月

ISSN 0912-0726

広範な陳旧性の左後頭葉梗塞に加え,右後頭葉外側の新規脳梗塞にて熟知相貌に対する相貌失認を呈した症例を報告した.症例は70歳代の右利き男性であった.熟知相貌および表情の認知に困難さを認め,全般性注意機能,処理速度の低下がみられた.全般性認知機能および相貌認知以外の視覚認知機能は保たれていた.相貌失認は左右半球の後頭顔領域,紡錘状回顔領域,前部側頭葉の脳内ネットワークに機能不全が生じたことで発現したと考えられた.老若および性別の判断に関する相貌認知は保たれていた.拡散テンソルトラクトグラフィにより,右半球の下前頭後頭束や下縦束の白質線維が温存されたことが要因であると考えられた.さらに,全般性注意機能および処理速度の向上を図る認知リハビリテーション介入によって,表情認知の改善が得られる可能性が示唆された.(著者抄録)

The body mirroring thought: The relationship between thought transitions and fluctuations in autonomic nervous activity mediated by interoception

Sakuragi M., Shinagawa K., Terasawa Y., Umeda S.

Consciousness and Cognition （Elsevier BV） 125 103770 - 103770 2024年10月

査読有り, ISSN 10538100

Our thought states change without intention. This study verified that the transition of thought states varies with fluctuations in autonomic nervous activity, and that this effect is modulated by interoceptive accuracy. The participants completed the heartbeat counting task (HCT) and vigilance task. We assessed the participants’ interoceptive accuracy based on their performance on the HCT. The vigilance task is a simple attention task, and during this task, we asked the participants to report the content and contemplation of their thoughts. Consequently, participants with accurate interoception were more likely to remain in a highly contemplative thought state when parasympathetic activity was suppressed. In contrast, the dominance of parasympathetic activity facilitated transitions to different thought states or experiences of less contemplative thought states in them. The results suggest that even subtle changes in bodily responses at rest can affect thought transitions in people with accurate interoception.

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PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FLUCTUATIONS IN FACIAL AND FINGER SKIN BLOOD FLOW

Ishikawa, N; Shinagawa, K; Sakuragi, M; Terasawa, Y; Umeda, S

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 61 S91 - S91 2024年10月

ISSN 0048-5772

FLUCTUATIONS IN AUTONOMIC NERVOUS ACTIVITY AND THOUGHT TRANSITIONS MEDIATED BY INTEROCEPTIVE ACCURACY

Sakuragi, M; Shinagawa, K; Terasawa, Y; Umeda, S

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 61 S133 - S134 2024年10月

ISSN 0048-5772

片頭痛の誘発因子についての最新の知見

滝沢翼, 渡邊成美, 伊庭知里, 石川直樹, 梅田聡, 中原仁

日本頭痛学会誌（(一社)日本頭痛学会） 51 （ 1 ） 110 - 111 2024年09月

ISSN 1345-6547

うつ病の認知行動療法による持続性効果ポジティブな未来性思考の経時的な変化の検討

天野瑞紀, 片山奈理子, 小林由季, 小澤満玲, 梅田聡, 寺澤悠理, 田渕肇, 菊地俊暁, 三村將, 内田裕之, 中川敦夫

日本不安症学会/日本認知療法・認知行動療法学会合同開催プログラム・抄録集（日本不安症学会） 16回・24回 255 - 255 2024年07月

INTEROCEPTION AND EMOTIONAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH MENSTRUAL CYCLES

Terasawa, Y; Murphy, J; Brewer, R; Umeda, S

PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE 86 （ 5 ） A76 - A76 2024年06月

ISSN 0033-3174

THE INFLUENCE OF INTEROCEPTION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITHYMIA AND THE ABSTRACT WORDS COMPREHENSION

Suzuki, N; Umeda, S; Terasawa, Y

PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE 86 （ 5 ） A108 - A109 2024年06月

ISSN 0033-3174

身体症状症における反応攻撃性と主観的認知傾向の関連性

有馬彩乃, 梅田聡

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 88 （ 0 ） 2B-064-PM - 2B-064-PM 2024年

自律神経活動のゆらぎと思考遷移の関係

櫻木麻衣, 品川和志, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2024 （ 0 ） 97 - 97 2024年

私たちの思考の内容や，思考に対する集中度合いの強さは，いつの間にか変化する。この2つの指標の変動性は，自律神経活動のゆらぎと関連することが知られている。しかし，両者がどのような過程を経て対応づけられるのかは未だ不明である。本研究では，単純注意課題中に，参加者の思考内容と熟考性（思考に対する集中度合いの主観的評価）の時系列データを取得した。隠れマルコフモデルを用いて，2つの指標の系列の背後にある思考状態の遷移系列を推定した。思考状態の遷移パターンに基づき，参加者を3つのクラスターに分類した。その結果，思考状態の変動性が高いクラスターにおいて，心臓内受容感覚の正確さ（心拍検出の正確性）が高いほど，思考状態の遷移確率が高い傾向があることが分かった。このことは，思考の変動に対応する心拍変化があり，それを捉えやすい人ほど，思考状態の遷移が継続的に生じやすい可能性を示唆している。

時間的ドップラー効果に対する内受容感覚の影響の実験的検討

王馨怡, 石川直樹, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2024 （ 0 ） 20 - 20 2024年

我々は日常的に様々なイベントを経験するが，その経験前から、経験後にかけて、イベントに対する主観的な時間的距離を知覚している。経験前の時点からイベントまでに感じる時間的距離は、経験後の時点からイベントまでに感じる時間的距離よりも過小評価されるという非対称性があり、これを時間的ドップラー効果という。本研究では、実際にストレスイベントを経験させ、イベント前後におけるイベントまでの時間的距離の主観的な感覚をイベント前後20分、前後14分、前後3分という時点で追跡した。加えて内受容感覚の正確さおよび敏感さをそれぞれ心拍検出課題とBPQによって測定した。その結果、イベント前後20分、14分においては、時間的ドップラー効果が生じていたほか、内受容感覚においては敏感さ（BPQ）がイベント経験後における、イベントまでの時間的距離の感覚に影響を及ぼしていた。
本発表では実際に経験させたイベントにおける時間的ドップラー効果の存在について、個人の内受容感覚の影響や同時に測定した生理学的指標変動という点を踏まえて、時間的ドップラー効果のメカニズムについて議論する。

内受容感覚がストレス負荷時の感情状態および心血管反応に与える影響：連続血圧を用いた検討

田仲祐登, 品川和志, 辻幸樹, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2024 （ 0 ） 36 - 36 2024年

日常生活ではさまざまなストレス負荷が生じているが，同じ経験であったとしても感情体験には個人差が生じている．感情体験における個人差および自律神経反応には，身体内部の状態の知覚である内受容感覚が関係すると考えられる．本研究ではポジティブおよびネガティブなストレス負荷がかかったときの感情評価と連続血圧の変化に，内受容感覚がどのように関わっているのかについて検討を行った．参加者は，時事問題についてのパブリックスピーチ，プライベートな話題に関するスピーチ，およびテレビゲームを行い，課題実施前後に感情状態の評定を行うとともに，連続血圧の測定を行った．内受容感覚の指標として，心拍カウント課題と，MAIAを用いた．結果として，課題の種類によって課題前後の連続血圧の変化に違いが見られており，実験操作の効果が実証された．本発表では，その傾向と内受容感覚指標および感情評価との関連について議論する．

他者の感情観察時の顔血流の動態からみる社交不安症

石川直樹, 梅田聡

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 88 （ 0 ） 1C-056-PG - 1C-056-PG 2024年

人と共生・共進化するロボットのあり方に関する検討

熊谷和実, チャンポーンパックディーインオン, 三宅太文, 王語詩, 李思侠, 神藤駿介, 高田勝悟, 大畑昌輝, 富樫昌哉, 三宅徳久, 西村拓一, 宮尾祐介, 岡田将吾, 梅田聡, 田中聡久, 松本治, 尾形哲也, 菅野重樹, 大武美保子

ロボティクス・メカトロニクス講演会講演概要集（一般社団法人日本機械学会） 2024 （ 0 ） 1P2-D01 2024年

This paper discuss the image of robot and human in the future and reports the demonstration conducted as a proposal for the vision of robots that coexist with an user and encourage positive behavior. As the progress of aging society, we propose that the robot coexist with an user at home is required to have functions: estimating an user mental or physical state, and advising the user to do appropriate behavior so that keep/improve their mental or physical state. We conducted demonstrations to recreate several scenes as a proposal for the future coexistence of robots and humans at home. This paper also reports about the constructed robot system and the results of generated robot behaviors.

顔のほてりに対する内受容感覚と他者の感情強度の評定との関連性

石川直樹, 梅田聡

感情心理学研究（日本感情心理学会） 32 （ Supplement ） PS2 - 12 2024年

ISSN 1882-8817

Coexistence of thought types as an attentional state during a sustained attention task

Shinagawa K., Itagaki Y., Umeda S.

Scientific Reports 13 （ 1 ） 1581 - 1581 2023年12月

査読有り, ISSN 2045-2322

Some studies have asked participants about attentional state on a scale from on-task to off-task, which set the middle option as attention focused on both, including the possibility of the coexistence of thoughts. In addition, studies using multidimensional probes explicitly assumed coexistence within spontaneous thoughts and task-focus dimensions. Although several studies have assumed the coexistence of some thought dimensions, none has explored whether these are different types of thoughts (task-focus, mind-wandering, task-related, external stimuli-related). To examine whether this coexistence of thought types occurred, we used thought probes to determine the degree of immersion in each. The participants responded to probes presented at random during a sustained attention task. The results revealed a mixture of thought types in many self-reports. In addition, the state of attentional allocation behind self-reports was estimated using the hidden Markov model. We observed the following attentional states: task-focused, task-unrelated, task-related, external stimuli-focused, and task-focused—but also focused on other thoughts. These results suggest that individuals can simultaneously allocate attention to thought types and discriminate between reporting. In some cases, probe options should also be considered for this coexistence. We also examined the relationship between self-reports and behavioral indexes, and discussed the necessity of separately measuring the degree of immersion for each thought type.

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Effect of subconscious changes in bodily response on thought shifting in people with accurate interoception

Sakuragi M., Shinagawa K., Terasawa Y., Umeda S.

Scientific Reports 13 （ 1 ） 16651 - 16651 2023年12月

査読有り, ISSN 2045-2322

Our thought states shift from one state to another from moment to moment. The relationship between the thought shifting and bodily responses is yet to be directly examined. This exploratory study examined the influence of cardiovascular reactivity and interoception—sensing an internal bodily state—on the shifting of thought states. Participants (N = 100, 70 women) completed two tasks: the heartbeat counting task (HCT) and the vigilance task (VT). We assessed their interoceptive accuracy through their performance on the HCT. The VT was a simple sustained attention task in which participants pressed a key when the target stimulus appeared and were asked to report their thoughts. We presented subliminal vibration stimuli to induce alterations in heart rate (i.e., vibration block). Results showed that participants with higher interoceptive accuracy reported more continuation of self-referential thought (about past episodes and future plans regarding themselves) during the vibration block than did those with lower interoceptive accuracy. These results suggest that individuals with higher interoceptive accuracy are more likely to be influenced by their subliminal bodily response, resulting in divergent attention from the task and intermittent self-referential thought.

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うつ病の認知行動療法における未来に対する否定的な認知と反芻思考との関連

天野瑞紀, 中川敦夫, 片山奈理子, 小林由季, 小澤満玲, 梅田聡, 寺澤悠理, 田渕肇, 菊地俊暁, 三村將

日本認知療法・認知行動療法学会プログラム・抄録集（日本認知療法・認知行動療法学会） 23回 260 - 260 2023年11月

Modulation of heartbeat-evoked potential and cardiac cycle effect by auditory stimuli

Tanaka Y., Ito Y., Terasawa Y., Umeda S.

Biological Psychology 182 108637 - 108637 2023年09月

査読有り, ISSN 03010511

Interoception has been proposed as a factor that influences various psychological processes (Khalsa et al., 2018). Afferent signals from the cardiovascular system vary across cardiac cycle phases. Heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEP) and event-related potentials (ERP) were measured to examine whether interoceptive signals differed between cardiac cycle phases. Simultaneously, participants performed an auditory oddball task in which the timing of the presenting stimulus was synchronized with the heartbeat. Pure tones were presented at 10 ms (late diastole condition), 200 ms (systole condition), or 500 ms after the R wave (diastole condition). Greater HEP amplitudes were observed when the tone was presented during diastole than during systole or late diastole. ERP showed the same tendency: a greater amplitude was observed during diastole than systole or late diastole. These results suggest that the processing of interoception reflected by HEP and exteroception reflected by ERP share attentional resources when both stimuli coincide. When the tone was presented during systole, attention to the internal state decreased compared with when the tone was presented during diastole, and attention was distributed to both exteroception and interoception. Our study suggests that HEP may be considered an indication of a relative amount of resources to process the interoception.

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INTEROCEPTION TRIGGERS THOUGHTS ABOUT THE SELF

Sakuragi, M; Shinagawa, K; Terasawa, Y; Umeda, S

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 60 S171 - S171 2023年08月

ISSN 0048-5772

EXPLORATION OF IMPROVEMENT IN THE HEARTBEAT COUNTING TASK: EVALUATION OF TASK PERFORMANCE BY SIMULATION

Shinagawa, K; Sakuragi, M; Ishikawa, N; Terasawa, Y; Umeda, S

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 60 S123 - S123 2023年08月

ISSN 0048-5772

【時間の神経科学-時を生み出すこころと脳の仕組み】障がいと神経学　未来に向けられた認知の神経メカニズム

梅田聡

Clinical Neuroscience （(株)中外医学社） 41 （ 8 ） 1090 - 1093 2023年08月

ISSN 0289-0585

β-Lactolin, a novel whey-derived peptide, improves mood states and enteric microbiome metabolites: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Ano, Y; Ayabe, T; Saito, J; Umeda, S; Toba, K

ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 79 399 - 399 2023年08月

ISSN 0250-6807

Functional connectivity changes between frontopolar cortex and nucleus accumbens following cognitive behavioral therapy in major depression: A randomized clinical trial

Katayama N., Nakagawa A., Umeda S., Terasawa Y., Shinagawa K., Kikuchi T., Tabuchi H., Abe T., Mimura M.

Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging （Elsevier BV） 332 111643 - 111643 2023年07月

査読有り, ISSN 09254927

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapy that challenges distorted cognitions; however, the neural mechanisms that underpin CBT remain unclear. Hence, we aimed to assess the treatment-related resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes in the brain regions associated with future thinking and the associations between rsFC changes and clinical improvements. Thirty-eight adult patients with MDD were randomly assigned with equal likelihood to receive 16-week individual CBT or talking control with a 12-month follow-up period. We evaluated the rsFC changes in the frontal regions, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and limbic structures key to the depression pathophysiology and future thinking with 2 × 2 mixed ANOVA interaction analysis. Pearson's correlation analysis with Bonferroni's correction was also performed to examine the associations with clinical symptoms, such as depression severity and automatic thoughts in follow-up evaluations. Treatment-specific changes include enhancement in frontopolar connectivity with the nucleus accumbens. An increased rsFC was associated with lower negative automatic thoughts postoperatively, together with lower depressive symptoms and higher positive automatic thoughts at follow-up. Conclusively, rsFC changes in the fronto-limbic neural control circuit after CBT, particularly between the frontal pole and nucleus accumbens, may be clinically meaningful functional changes related to the depression recovery process.

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【神経疾患の自律神経障害】自律神経が関与する情動・感情の障害とそのメカニズム

梅田聡

脳神経内科（(有)科学評論社） 99 （ 1 ） 27 - 33 2023年07月

ISSN 2434-3285

第1土曜特集自律神経のサイエンス自律神経の中枢制御自律神経系と予測処理機能

朝比奈正人, 梅田聡

医学のあゆみ（医歯薬出版） 285 （ 6 ） 522 - 528 2023年05月

ISSN 00392359

【自律神経のサイエンス】自律神経の中枢制御　自律神経系と予測処理機能

朝比奈正人, 梅田聡

医学のあゆみ（医歯薬出版(株)） 285 （ 6 ） 522 - 528 2023年05月

ISSN 0039-2359

広く知られるホメオスタシスの概念の影響で身体の内部環境は一定であると思われがちであるが,実際には一定の幅で変動する.この変動はさまざまな因子により生じ,そのひとつは情動である.情動は闘争・逃走行動などの情動行動を伴い,その遂行には自律神経活動や内分泌活動による身体の生理学的変化を必要とする.身の危険を察知した際に,闘争・逃走行動を起こす前から身体の生理学的変化は生じており,それは自律神経系の予測的活動といえる.情動と自律神経活動は一体のものであり,そこで重要な働きをするのが辺縁系である.辺縁系は情動行動の遂行のために事前に自律神経反射のセットポイントを変化させる.ストレスに曝露した際に辺縁系が主体となり予測的に内部環境を変化させて情動行動を円滑に行えるようにする機構があると推察される.ストレス負荷により内部環境が変化する現象をアロスタシス(allostasis)とよび,ストレス性疾患の病態を理解するためのモデルとなっている.(著者抄録)

特集慢性疼痛心理的な痛みの機序

梅田聡

BRAIN and NERVE （株式会社医学書院） 75 （ 3 ） 243 - 252 2023年03月

ISSN 18816096

This article first reviews some methods for measuring psychological pain, as a subjective sensation, and outlines its neural mechanisms. Particularly, the involvement of the neural basis of the salience network, which consists of the insula and cingulate cortex, is described focusing on its relation to interoception. Next, we focus on the disease concept of psychological pain as a pathological condition, review some studies on somatic symptom disorder and related disorders, and discuss some possible methods of pain and future research directions.

【慢性疼痛】心理的な痛みの機序

梅田聡

BRAIN and NERVE: 神経研究の進歩（(株)医学書院） 75 （ 3 ） 0243 - 0252 2023年03月

ISSN 1881-6096

＜文献概要＞本論では,まず主観的感覚である心理的痛みを測定する方法について述べ,その神経メカニズムについて概説する。特に,島皮質および帯状皮質から構成されるセイリエンスネットワークを中心とした神経基盤の関与について,内受容感覚との関連性に着目しながら述べる。次に,心理的痛みを病態として捉える疾患概念に焦点を当て,身体症状症などに関する研究成果を概観し,心理的痛みの緩和および今後の研究の方向性について考察する。

The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on future thinking in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial

Amano M., Katayama N., Umeda S., Terasawa Y., Tabuchi H., Kikuchi T., Abe T., Mimura M., Nakagawa A.

Frontiers in Psychiatry 14 997154 - 997154 2023年01月

査読有り, ISSN 1664-0640

Background: Pessimistic thinking about the future is one of the cardinal symptoms of major depression. Few studies have assessed changes in pessimistic thinking after undergoing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). A randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted with patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) to determine whether receiving a course of CBT affects pessimistic future thinking using a future thinking task. Methods: Thirty-one patients with MDD were randomly assigned to either CBT (n = 16) or a talking control (TC) (n = 15) for a 16-week intervention. The main outcomes were the change in response time (RT) and the ratio of the responses for positive valence, measured by the future thinking task. Secondary outcomes included the GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II), the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), and the word fluency test (WFT). Results: Regarding the main outcomes, the CBT group showed reduced RT for the positive valence (within-group Cohen’s d = 0.7, p = 0.012) and negative valence (within-group Cohen’s d = 0.6, p = 0.03) in the distant future condition. The ratio of positive valence responses in both groups for all temporal conditions except for the distant past condition increased within group (distant future: CBT: Cohen’s d = 0.5, p = 0.04; TC: Cohen’s d = 0.8, p = 0.008; near future: CBT: Cohen’s d = 1.0, p < 0.001; TC: Cohen’s d = 1.1, p = 0.001; near past: CBT: Cohen’s d = 0.8, p = 0.005; TC: Cohen’s d = 1.0, p = 0.002). As for secondary outcomes, the CBT group showed greater improvement than the TC group regarding the need for social approval as measured by the DAS (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Patients with MDD who received CBT showed a reduced RT for the positive and negative valence in the distant future condition. RT in the future thinking task for depressed patients may be a potential objective measure for the CBT treatment process. Because the present RCT is positioned as a pilot RCT, a confirmatory trial with a larger number of patients is warranted to elucidate the CBT treatment process that influences future thinking. Clinical trial registration: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/icdr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000021028, identifier UMIN000018155.

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Effects of matured hop bitter acids on heart rate variability and cognitive performance: A randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial

Kanatome A., Takara T., Umeda S., Ano Y.

Journal of Functional Foods 100 2023年01月

査読有り, ISSN 17564646

Matured hop bitter acids (MHBA), produced by aging the hops used to make beer, activate the vagus nerve via bitter taste receptors and improve depression and cognitive function in mice. However, researchers have not investigated their effects on human autonomic nerves. This crossover study aimed to investigate the association between MHBA and the vagus nerve. We randomly assigned 34 participants (age: 30–64 years) into two sequences (n = 17 each). They performed cognitive tasks before and after a single supplementation with placebo or MHBA. We monitored the autonomic nerve activity using heart rate variability. Compared with placebo, MHBA supplementation significantly increased the high frequency (HF) and total power during cognitive tasks (322.2 ms2 [95 % confidence interval (CI), 28.0, 616.4]; p = 0.033 and 630.6 ms2 [95 % CI, 87.0, 1174.2]; p = 0.025, respectively). In summary, MHBA supplementation modulates the HF of parasympathetic nerve activity in healthy adults.

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AI社会への「自己」の適応

上原泉, 杉浦元亮, 小林哲生, 梅田聡

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 87 （ 0 ） SS-037 - SS-037 2023年

近年，AIや仮想技術の進展が著しい。それらの技術により，身体拡張や知覚拡張，メタバースでの交流や様々なVR体験が可能になってきている。ここにきての，ChatGPTの出現で，物事の進み方や社会のあり方が大きく変わる可能性が指摘されている。便利になることへの期待もある一方で，ヒトにとって代わりAIができることが増えていくことへの不安も大きくなっている。既に，インターネットの普及で物事の進み方が加速化し，「自己」が振り回されている感は否めず，急速なこれらの技術の進展により，「自己」が機能不全に陥る可能性が懸念される。人知を超える速さで進展していく社会における「自己」のあり方は，新たな学術的枠組みから，追究していく必要があるのではないかと考え，研究を始めている。本シンポジウムでは，この新たな「自己」研究の可能性を広く議論するため企画した。話題提供では，小林氏が「自己の発達」，梅田氏が「自己の歪み」，杉浦氏が「自己の3側面と“新自己力”」をテーマにそれぞれの知見を紹介する。上原より，新たな「自己」に関する発達理論形成の可能性とその視点からのコメントを行い，その後，全体討論としたい。

Eye-tracking paradigms for the assessment of mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review

Wolf A., Tripanpitak K., Umeda S., Otake-Matsuura M.

Frontiers in Psychology 14 1197567 - 1197567 2023年

査読有り, ISSN 1664-1078

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), representing the ‘transitional zone’ between normal cognition and dementia, has become a novel topic in clinical research. Although early detection is crucial, it remains logistically challenging at the same time. While traditional pen-and-paper tests require in-depth training to ensure standardized administration and accurate interpretation of findings, significant technological advancements are leading to the development of procedures for the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and facilitating the diagnostic process. Some of the diagnostic protocols, however, show significant limitations that hamper their widespread adoption. Concerns about the social and economic implications of the increasing incidence of AD underline the need for reliable, non-invasive, cost-effective, and timely cognitive scoring methodologies. For instance, modern clinical studies report significant oculomotor impairments among patients with MCI, who perform poorly in visual paired-comparison tasks by ascribing less attentional resources to novel stimuli. To accelerate the Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017–2025, this work provides an overview of research on saccadic and exploratory eye-movement deficits among older adults with MCI. The review protocol was drafted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and 2022 that examined visual processing in older adults with MCI and reported gaze parameters as potential biomarkers. Moreover, following the contemporary trend for remote healthcare technologies, we reviewed studies that implemented non-commercial eye-tracking instrumentation in order to detect information processing impairments among the MCI population. Based on the gathered literature, eye-tracking-based paradigms may ameliorate the screening limitations of traditional cognitive assessments and contribute to early AD detection. However, in order to translate the findings pertaining to abnormal gaze behavior into clinical applications, it is imperative to conduct longitudinal investigations in both laboratory-based and ecologically valid settings.

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神経疾患における自律神経障害と情動・認知障害

梅田聡

脳神経内科 99 27 - 33 2023年

CiNii Research

未来に向けられた認知の神経メカニズム

梅田聡

Clinical Neuroscience 41 1090 - 1093 2023年

CiNii Research

感情研究における顔面皮膚血流の有用性と臨床応用

石川直樹, 梅田聡

Annual Review神経2023 ー 2023年

CiNii Research

Reactivity of observers’ facial skin blood flow depending on others’ facial expressions and blushing

Ishikawa N., Asahina M., Umeda S.

Frontiers in Psychology 14 1259928 - 1259928 2023年

査読有り, ISSN 1664-1078

Facial skin blood flow (SkBF) has attracted attention as an autonomic indicator because it influences facial colour, which informs others of emotional states, and facial temperature related to social anxiety. Previous studies have examined the facial SkBF in people experiencing emotions; however, facial SkBF changes in the observers of emotions are poorly understood. Our study clarified facial SkBF changes related to observing others’ emotions by comparing the changes with other physiological indices. Thirty healthy participants (24 females; mean age: 22.17) observed six types of facial expressions (neutral, angry, and embarrassed expressions with and without facial blushing) and rated the emotional intensity of the other person. We measured their facial SkBF, finger SkBF, and cardiac RR interval as they made their observations. Facial SkBF generally decreased in relation to observing emotional faces (angry and embarrassed faces) and significantly decreased for angry expressions with blushing. None of the participants noticed blushing of facial stimuli. For the RR interval and finger SkBF, there was no variation depending on the observed facial expressions, although there was a general increase related to observation. These results indicated that facial SkBF is sensitive and reactive to emotional faces—especially angry faces with blushing— compared with other autonomic indices. The facial SkBF changes were not related to either RR interval changes or the intensity rating, suggesting that facial SkBF changes may be caused by vasoconstriction and have potential functions for our emotions. The decrease in facial SkBF may have a role in calming observers by preventing them from adopting the same emotional state as a person with intense anger. These findings clarify daily facial SkBF fluctuations and their relationship with our emotional processing in interpersonal situations.

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心拍誘発電位から見る内受容感覚と認知機能の関係性

田仲祐登, 寺澤悠理, 梅田聡

自律神経（日本自律神経学会） 60 （ 2 ） 92 - 96 2023年

査読有り, ISSN 0288-9250

拍動や呼吸の速さ，胃の痛みなど，自律神経系を含む身体内部の状態は内受容感覚を通して知覚されている．近年，内受容感覚を測定する指標として，脳波における心拍誘発電位（Heartbeat-evoked potentials：HEP）が注目されている．HEPは心電図のR波を基準とした誘発電位であり，主観報告の必要のない，心臓からの求心性信号を反映している時間解像度の高い指標として，注意，感情，自己認識といった心的機能や，精神疾患と関係があることが報告されている．本研究ではHEPが有効な指標であることについて，さまざまな認知機能との関係性に焦点を当てながら概観する．

感情に伴って変動する顔面皮膚血流の特性

石川直樹, 朝比奈正人, 梅田聡

自律神経（日本自律神経学会） 60 （ 2 ） 82 - 86 2023年

査読有り, ISSN 0288-9250

感情という現象には表情や心拍数の変化などの身体反応が随伴する．このうち，自律神経系に関連する指標に，顔面皮膚血流（以下，顔血流）がある．顔血流は顔温度変化と顔色変化に関わる点で，従来の自律神経指標と異なる特徴をもつ．感情における顔血流の変動は，顔領域内で必ずしも一様な反応性を持たず，前額，頬，鼻などで特異的な変動パタンを有する場合がある．加えて，これまでは30秒程度以上の反応動態を解析することが多く，感情に関連する場面において5秒程度の急峻な反応の検討を進めることは，関連する精神疾患のメカニズム理解や臨床的介入に対する有益な示唆をもたらす可能性がある．

未来を見つめる機能の認知神経メカニズム

梅田聡

神経心理学（日本神経心理学会） 38 （ 4 ） 251 - 257 2022年12月

ISSN 09111085

近年，認知神経科学の領域では，「未来に向けられた認知」の背景にある神経メカニズムに焦点が当てられている．具体的には，意図した行為をタイミングよく想起する機能である「展望記憶」，未来のエピソードについて思いを馳せる機能である「未来思考」，それと関連性の深い「マインドワンダリング」などがこの概念に含まれる．本稿では，これらの機能を実現する前頭葉のブロードマン10野の役割に着目しつつ，近年の研究成果について概観する．そして，脳機能画像研究（MRIおよび脳波），精神疾患研究，生理心理研究など，複数のアプローチを採用することの意義について触れる．

記憶と時間

河村満, 梅田聡

神経心理学（日本神経心理学会） 38 （ 4 ） 248 - 250 2022年12月

査読有り, ISSN 09111085

Dynamic functional connectivity associated with prospective memory success in children

Hashimoto T., Yokota S., Umeda S., Kawashima R.

Neuroimage Reports 2 （ 4 ） 100144 2022年12月

査読有り

To remember the prospective intention successfully, going back and forth between the background task and the intention, i.e., the dynamics of these multiple processes can be critical. An executive function like task switching has been associated with the success of prospective memory (PM) in children, but the neural mechanism of PM in children has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to reveal the dynamic functional connectivity underlying the success of PM in children. Healthy 108 children, aged 7 to 15, were engaged in a single trial PM task, with a 30-min delay. Temporal variabilities in their resting-state functional connectivity were analyzed, using sliding windows with seed regions of interest ROIs of the PM network. About 70% of children successfully remembered the intention; they showed greater dynamics in neural connectivity between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and intraparietal sulcus, and between the right DLPFC and insula as compared to children with PM failure. Everyday activities and the usual attention to ongoing processes can be associated with alertness in the right frontoparietal network and internal-state monitoring in the insula network, and those dynamics might be associated with one-time event PM success in children.

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Word recall process and physiological activation in the tip-of-the-tongue state: Comparison of young and middle-aged groups

Kurosaki Y., Hashimoto R., Funayama M., Terasawa Y., Umeda S.

Consciousness and Cognition 106 103433 - 103433 2022年11月

査読有り, ISSN 10538100

To clarify the feeling of knowing a name but not being able to recall it, known as having a “tip-of-the-tongue” (TOT) experience, we proposed a TOT model consisting of three stages combining a face recognition model and autonomic sympathetic nerve activity. Since TOT increases with age, we compared two age groups: young (N = 27, M = 20.4 ± 1.5 years) and middle-aged (N = 29, M = 58.5 ± 8.0 years). Experiment 1 showed that successfully naming low-frequency common names increased the skin conductance response (SCR) value, and the time to reach the maximum SCR value was longer. Experiment 2 was a naming task for face photographs. The younger group showed higher SCR values during successfully naming, while the middle-aged group showed similar SCR values for successfully naming and experiencing TOT. Both groups had the longest time to reach maximum SCR in TOT. In this study, physiological arousal of TOT was not affected by aging.

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乳由来ペプチドβラクトリンのヒト気分状態および精神的活力改善効果

綾部達宏, 喜多真弘, 齋藤次郎, 梅田聡, 鳥羽研二, 阿野泰久

New Diet Therapy （(一社)日本臨床栄養協会） 38 （ 2 ） 197 - 197 2022年09月

ISSN 0910-7258

THE EFFECT OF INTEROCEPTION ON UNINTENTIONAL THOUGHT SWITCHING

Sakuragi, M; Umeda, S

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 59 S124 - S124 2022年08月

ISSN 0048-5772

THE SPECIFIC REACTIVITY OF FACIAL SKIN BLOOD FLOW WHEN OBSERVING OTHERS' EMOTIONAL FACES

Ishikawa, N; Asahina, M; Umeda, S

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 59 S145 - S145 2022年08月

ISSN 0048-5772

乳由来ペプチドβラクトリンはヒト気分状態および精神的活力を改善する

綾部達宏, 喜多真弘, 齋藤次郎, 梅田聡, 鳥羽研二, 阿野泰久

日本抗加齢医学会総会プログラム・抄録集（(一社)日本抗加齢医学会） 22回 214 - 214 2022年06月

熟成ホップ由来苦味酸の単回摂取による自律神経活動の活性化と注意機能改善

金留理奈, 高良毅, 梅田聡, 阿野泰久

日本抗加齢医学会総会プログラム・抄録集（(一社)日本抗加齢医学会） 22回 221 - 221 2022年06月

未来性思考課題を用いたうつ病の未来に対する予測と反応

天野瑞紀, 中川敦夫, 片山奈理子, 梅田聡, 寺澤悠理, 田渕肇, 菊地俊暁, 三村將

精神神経学雑誌（(公社)日本精神神経学会） 124 （ 4付録） S - 549 2022年04月

ISSN 0033-2658

脳と身体の働きからみる「心」の科学—特集脳科学研究の最前線

梅田聡

三田評論（ 1264 ） 26 - 31 2022年03月

ISSN 1343-618X

CiNii Research

Cognitive behavioral therapy effects on frontopolar cortex function during future thinking in major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial

Katayama N., Nakagawa A., Umeda S., Terasawa Y., Abe T., Kurata C., Sasaki Y., Mitsuda D., Kikuchi T., Tabuchi H., Mimura M.

Journal of Affective Disorders （Elsevier BV） 298 （ Pt A ） 644 - 655 2022年02月

査読有り, ISSN 01650327

Background: Despite the importance of Beck's theoretical cognitive model of psychopathology, the neural mechanisms underlying future thinking in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) remain elusive. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that the function of the frontopolar cortex (Brodmann area 10 [BA10]) is associated with future thinking. We hypothesized that, compared with unstructured psychotherapy (talking control: TC), CBT may involve different neural responses in BA10 associated with future thinking. Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 38 adult patients with moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder who underwent up to 16 weeks of CBT or TC with a 6-month follow-up period. We evaluated changes in BA10 activation during distant future thinking using functional magnetic resonance imaging with a future-thinking task. We assessed frontal neurocognitive function and clinical symptoms at baseline and post-treatment. Depression severity and automatic thoughts were assessed at the 6-month follow-up. Results: We found decreased activation in the frontopolar cortex during distant future thinking after CBT (t = 3.00, df=15, p = 0.009) and no changes after TC. Further, the reduction in BA10 activity significantly correlated with changes in frontal cognitive function after the treatment (r = 0.48, p = 0.007), and in positive automatic thought after 6 months of treatments (r = 0.39; p = 0.03). Limitations: Relatively small sample size and homogenous clinical profile could limit the generalizability. Patients received pharmacotherapy including antidepressant. Conclusions: CBT appears to improve frontopolar cortex function during future thinking in a manner distinct from TC. Larger clinical trials are necessary to provide firm evidence whether BA10 activity may serve as a neuro-marker for monitoring successful depression treatment with CBT.

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Effect of Whey-Derived Lactopeptide β-Lactolin on Memory in Healthy Adults: An Integrated Analysis of Data from Randomized Controlled Trials

Fukuda T., Kanatome A., Takashima A., Tajima O., Umeda S., Ano Y.

Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging 26 （ 2 ） 127 - 132 2022年02月

査読有り, ISSN 12797707

Context: Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of dairy products reduces the risk of dementia and cognitive decline in older individuals. Tryptophan-tyrosine-related β-lactopeptides and their representative β-lactolin of glycine-threonine-tryptophan-tyrosine tetra-peptide have been identified as agents in dairy products, which improve cognitive function as well as memory function via the activation of the dopaminergic system in a mouse model of amnesia. Previous clinical trials have shown that supplementation with β-lactolin improves memory retrieval in healthy older adults. Specifically, β-lactolin improved the scores in some neuropsychological tests. However, the effects of β-lactolin on memory function have not been clarified. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of β-lactolin on memory function using statistical methods. Data Sources: We searched the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and JDream III until November 2021 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials for integrated analysis. Data Synthesis: Three randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of β-lactolin on memory in healthy adults were selected for the integrated analysis. The results showed that the score of cued recall among the neuropsychological tests in the β-lactolin group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (g=0.33; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.55). In addition, the total memory score was higher but this difference was not significant (g=0.17; 95% CI: −0.09, 0.43). Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that supplementation with β-lactolin improves cued recall in healthy older adults.

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エピソード的未来思考におけるイメージの曖昧さと先延ばし行動の関連性

王馨怡, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2022 （ 0 ） 30 - 30 2022年

エピソード的未来思考（EFT）における曖昧なイメージの想像は，必要な備えを怠るといった問題につながる．先延ばしという，達成すべき課題を自発的に遅らせてしまう非合理的な行動はEFTの曖昧さに関係している可能性がある．本研究では，先延ばしとEFTの関連を検討することを目的とした．参加者は未来の個人的な出来事を想像して記述し，その内容の詳細さを第三者評価によって得点化した．その後，参加者は実験者が依頼した課題と報酬課題に自由に取り組み，先延ばし行動を記録した．最後に，日常に関するGeneral Procrastination Scaleおよび自作質問紙に回答させた．その結果，EFTの曖昧さ，特に五感及び内部知覚情報の曖昧さと先延ばし傾向に相関が認められた．加えて，質問紙の因子分析の結果，個人の実行能力が最も先延ばしに影響しており，未来の感覚知覚情報のイメージの曖昧さは，今行動するか否かの実行能力への影響を通して，先延ばし行動に関連することが示唆された．

未来思考生成における感情的方向性

伊藤友一, 田仲祐登, 辻幸樹, 品川和志, 柴田みどり, 寺澤悠理, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2021 （ 0 ） 47 - 47 2022年

人の思考には時間(過去・未来)，感情(ポジティブ・ネガティブ），社会的(自己・他者)などの多様な方向性がある。先行研究は心拍誘発電位(HEP; heartbeat-evoked potential)を用いて，過去あるいは未来思考時の感情的方向が身体からの求心性信号を受けて規定されることを明らかにしている。しかし，感情的方向が思考生成のどの段階で決まるのかは明らかでない。本研究では，自己や他者の未来について思考する際の感情的方向性の生起時点を明らかにするため，脳波計測実験を行った。課題では，主語・時間・内容の3要素からなる文(例：私は／将来／試験に)を1要素ずつ呈示し，それに合わせて思考した上で，肯定あるいは否定的結末(例：自分が将来試験に受かるか否か)を自由に想像するよう参加者に求めた。結果，主語情報呈示時点のHEPで感情価による振幅の差が認められ，思考生成の最初期時点で身体からの求心性信号を受けて思考の感情的方向が規定されていることが明らかになった。

思考の切り替えにおける内受容感覚の役割

櫻木麻衣, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2022 （ 0 ） 31 - 31 2022年

現在遂行中の行為とは無関係な事柄へと思考がさまよう現象をマインドワンダリング (mind wandering, 以下, MW)という。本研究では，契機が不明で無意図的なMWの生起に対して，内受容感覚が与える影響について検討した。参加者は，心拍検出課題（Schandry, 1981）とVigilance Taskの2つの課題をおこなった。心拍検出課題の成績によって，参加者を内受容感覚高群・低群に分けた。Vigilance Taskの後半ブロックにおいて，参加者の前腕部に振動刺激を閾下呈示することで，心拍変化を誘導した。その結果，内受容感覚高群は，低群と比較すると，振動が呈示されたブロックにおいて，発生したMWがその後の試行においても継続する確率が高かった。この結果は，内受容感覚が正確な人においては，振動の閾下呈示による断続的な内受容情報の変化が， MWの発生・継続を誘発する可能性を示唆している。

内受容感覚が思考の熟考性に与える影響

櫻木麻衣, 梅田聡

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 86 （ 0 ） 1PM-058-PL - 1PM-058-PL 2022年

不安傾向者に特異的な信念更新過程の探索的検討

品川和志, 石川直樹, 平山絢菜, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2022 （ 0 ） 37 - 37 2022年

不安傾向の高い個人において，あいまいな状況下で，与えられた情報による信念更新傾向が変化することが知られている。しかし，そのような変化が，情報評価におけるどのような側面に起因するかについては明らかでない。この点について，ビーズ課題を用いて得られたデータに，ベイズ更新を適用することで検討した。ビーズ課題では 2色のビーズが異なる割合で入った2つのビンを呈示し，ビーズが呈示されるたび，どちらのビンから取り出されているか，主観的確信度を回答させた。解析では，現在の確信度は，一つ前の時点での確信度に，現在得られたビーズの情報を加味して得られると仮定したうえで，個人ごとに，一つ前の確信度，および現在の情報のどちらを重視する傾向が高いのかを推定した。この傾向と質問紙により得られた不安傾向の関連を検討した結果，不安傾向が高いほど，現在のビーズから得られる情報を低く評価する傾向が示された。

ビーズ課題を用いた曖昧さ不耐性における意思決定特性の検討

品川和志, 石川直樹, 平山絢菜, 梅田聡

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 86 （ 0 ） 3AM-053-PI - 3AM-053-PI 2022年

Temporal changes in attentional resources consumed by mind-wandering that precede awareness: An ERP study

Shinagawa K., Ito Y., Tsuji K., Tanaka Y., Odaka M., Shibata M., Terasawa Y., Umeda S.

Neuroimage Reports （Elsevier BV） 1 （ 4 ） 100060 - 100060 2021年12月

査読有り, ISSN 2666-9560

A relationship between the awareness of mind-wandering (MW) and the disruption of MW because of external stimuli has previously been reported. Attention often fluctuates without external stimuli and such disruptions can spontaneously precede awareness of MW. To elucidate whether changes in attentional resources used by MW exist, we used event-related potentials (ERPs), focusing on the P300 (P3) ERP component as an index of attention to a task. Participants performed a simple task, in which they pressed a key in synchrony with continually presented tones. Moreover, they were asked to stop the response whenever they became aware of their MW. We analyzed the P3 induced by the tones before self-reports of MW using a state–space model that was used for analysis to detect changes over time. The results revealed that the mean amplitude of P3 increased significantly from the third to the second tone before the self-reports; no other clear increasing or decreasing tendencies were observed. We concluded that the attentional resources allocated to the main task returned, suggesting that such awareness requires a decrease in resources to task-unrelated thoughts. These findings highlight a transitional state related to awareness between the MW state and self-reports. Therefore, the state immediately before self-reports should not be defined as merely an MW state when using the self-caught method.

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Lewy小体病における自律神経障害と認知障害—Autonomic failure and cognitive impairment in Lewy body diseases—特集 Parkinson病および類縁疾患の症候・診断

朝比奈正人, 梅田聡

脳神経内科 = Neurology / 脳神経内科編集委員会編（科学評論社） 95 （ 6 ） 749 - 755 2021年12月

ISSN 2434-3285

CiNii Research

【Parkinson病および類縁疾患の症候・診断】Lewy小体病における自律神経障害と認知障害

朝比奈正人, 梅田聡

脳神経内科（(有)科学評論社） 95 （ 6 ） 749 - 755 2021年12月

ISSN 2434-3285

総説安静時fMRIにおける動的機能結合の臨床応用

品川和志, 寺澤悠理, 梅田聡

BRAIN and NERVE （株式会社医学書院） 73 （ 11 ） 1267 - 1273 2021年11月

ISSN 18816096

The conventional analysis assumes a constant mental state during scanning and assesses the strength of functional connectivity as the average of the entire fMRI data. However, it is suggested that even at rest, functional connectivity may change with time, and the conventional analysis has not been able to fully evaluate its properties. To overcome this limitation, many studies propose an index called dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) or time-varying functional connectivity (TVFC) or the chronnectome. This article reviews the significance and methods of dFC, examples of its application in clinical studies, and its limitations. Finally, we discuss its potential for clinical application.

増大特集脳とからだ Ⅲ.中枢と末梢の相互作用主観的感情と内受容感覚の神経メカニズム

梅田聡

生体の科学（株式会社医学書院） 72 （ 5 ） 454 - 456 2021年10月

ISSN 03709531

増大特集脳とからだ Ⅲ.中枢と末梢の相互作用覚醒下手術による感情認識に関わる島皮質機能の解明-脳とこころの脳神経外科学・認知神経科学の融合型研究

本村和也, 寺澤悠理, 梅田聡

生体の科学（株式会社医学書院） 72 （ 5 ） 461 - 463 2021年10月

ISSN 03709531

【脳とからだ】中枢と末梢の相互作用　主観的感情と内受容感覚の神経メカニズム

梅田聡

生体の科学（(公財)金原一郎記念医学医療振興財団） 72 （ 5 ） 454 - 456 2021年10月

ISSN 0370-9531

＜文献概要＞主観的感情は,内受容感覚の中枢である島皮質,および自律神経活動が介する身体の活動を同時に検討することにより,科学的に扱うことができるようになった。島皮質前部と帯状回前部から成るセイリエンスネットワークは,身体の状態がホメオスタシスから逸脱しているかをモニターし,それを回復の方向に導く役割を持つ。身体状態の逸脱の認識と,自らが置かれた状況の理解が統合されることにより,主観的感情が生み出される。

【脳とからだ】中枢と末梢の相互作用　覚醒下手術による感情認識に関わる島皮質機能の解明　脳とこころの脳神経外科学・認知神経科学の融合型研究

本村和也, 寺澤悠理, 梅田聡

生体の科学（(公財)金原一郎記念医学医療振興財団） 72 （ 5 ） 461 - 463 2021年10月

ISSN 0370-9531

＜文献概要＞島皮質に関わる脳腫瘍患者に対して,表情認識課題[顔写真から表情を認識する課題(怒り,喜び,悲しみ,嫌悪,感情なし)]を用いながら実際に覚醒下手術中に島皮質を直接刺激することで,感情認識に関わる脳機能ネットワーク解析を行った。表情が表す感情の種類,強さの識別に対して検討した。島皮質が,身体内部からの情報である内受容感覚に基づく覚醒度の神経基盤として,怒りや悲しみなどの感情認識の変化に関わることを示唆する。

Products With High Purchase Frequency Require Greater Inhibitory Control: An Event-Related Potential Study

Tsuji K., Shibata M., Terasawa Y., Umeda S.

Frontiers in Psychology 12 727040 - 727040 2021年09月

査読有り, ISSN 1664-1078

One’s past behavior influences their present behavior. The effects of such response history have often been tested using response inhibition tasks. Since previous studies have highlighted the effect of immediate action history formed directly before the subsequent response in a laboratory environment, we aimed to elucidate the longer-term effects of response history, using repetitive and habitual consumer behavior in daily life as the response history. We used event-related potentials recorded in a Go/No-go task to investigate brain activity related to inhibitory control, hypothesizing that stimuli with a high frequency of choice in everyday life would elicit stronger inhibition-related activity, that is, the No-go-N2 component. Participants were asked to evaluate the frequency of purchase and use of some products, such as food and drink or social networking services (SNS) in everyday situations. Images of each product were assigned as stimuli in the Go and No-go trials according to the frequency of choice. The results showed that frequently purchased No-go stimuli yielded a larger amplitude of the No-go-N2 component and a negative shift between 200 and 300ms after the presentation of No-go stimuli. The results suggest that frequently chosen products evoke stronger inhibition conflicts and require greater cognitive control to withhold a response. Our findings showed that repeated purchase behavior in daily life forms a response history and has a long-term influence on the inhibition of even simple approaching behaviors, such as button pressing.

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うつ病の認知行動療法における未来性思考の変化の検討ランダム化比較試験

天野瑞紀, 中川敦夫, 片山奈理子, 梅田聡, 寺澤悠理, 田渕肇, 菊地俊暁, 三村將

精神神経学雑誌（(公社)日本精神神経学会）（ 2021特別号） S560 - S560 2021年09月

ISSN 0033-2658

うつ病の認知行動療法における未来性思考の変化の検討ランダム化比較試験

天野瑞紀, 中川敦夫, 片山奈理子, 梅田聡, 寺澤悠理, 田渕肇, 菊地俊暁, 三村將

精神神経学雑誌（(公社)日本精神神経学会）（ 2021特別号） S560 - S560 2021年09月

ISSN 0033-2658

Effects of interoceptive accuracy in autonomic responses to external stimuli based on cardiac rhythm

Tanaka Y., Terasawa Y., Umeda S.

Plos One 16 （ 8 August ） e0256914 2021年08月

査読有り, ISSN 1932-6203

Interoceptive accuracy is an index of the ability to perceive an individual's internal bodily state, including heartbeat and respiration. Individual differences in interoceptive accuracy influence emotional recognition through autonomic nervous activity. However, the precise mechanism by which interoceptive accuracy affects autonomic reactivity remains unclear. Here, we investigated how cardiac reactivity induced by a non-affective external rhythm differed among individuals, using a heartbeat counting task. Because individuals with poor interoceptive accuracy cannot distinguish an external rhythm from their cardiac cycles, it has been hypothesized that the interoceptive effect on heart rate works differently in individuals with good interoceptive accuracy and those with poor interoceptive accuracy. Study participants observed a visual or auditory stimulus presented at a rhythm similar to the participants' resting heart rates. The stimulus rhythm was gradually changed from that of their resting heart rate, and we recorded electrocardiographs while participants were exposed to the stimuli. Individuals with good interoceptive accuracy exhibited a deceleration in heart rate when the rhythm of the auditory stimulus changed. In contrast, in the group with poor interoceptive accuracy, the heart rate decreased only when the stimulus became faster. They were unable to distinguish the rhythm of their own heartbeat from that of the external rhythm; therefore, we propose that such individuals recognize the stimuli at the pace of their heart rate. Individuals with good interoceptive accuracy were able to distinguish their heart rates from the external rhythm. A modality difference was not observed in this study, which suggests that both visual and auditory stimuli help mimic heart rate. These results may provide physiological evidence that autonomic reactivity influences the perception of the internal bodily state, and that interoception and the autonomic state interact to some degree.

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βラクトリンの継続摂取は脳神経活動を活性化し、認知機能を改善する

金留理奈, 阿野泰久, 品川和志, 井出弓子, 柴田みどり, 梅田聡

日本栄養・食糧学会大会講演要旨集（(公社)日本栄養・食糧学会） 75回 119 - 119 2021年07月

大うつ病性障害における悲観的な未来性思考に関与する前頭極の活動

片山奈理子, 中川敦夫, 梅田聡, 寺澤悠理, 倉田知佳, 田渕肇, 菊地俊暁, 三村將

日本うつ病学会総会・日本認知療法・認知行動療法学会プログラム・抄録集（日本うつ病学会・日本認知療法・認知行動療法学会） 18回・21回 391 - 391 2021年07月

うつ病患者において認知行動療法は未来のポジティブな想起反応を変化させるのか?

天野瑞紀, 中川敦夫, 片山奈理子, 梅田聡, 寺澤悠理, 田渕肇, 菊地俊暁, 三村將

日本うつ病学会総会・日本認知療法・認知行動療法学会プログラム・抄録集（日本うつ病学会・日本認知療法・認知行動療法学会） 18回・21回 412 - 412 2021年07月

Effects of insular resection on interactions between cardiac interoception and emotion recognition

Terasawa Y., Motomura K., Natsume A., Iijima K., Chalise L., Sugiura J., Yamamoto H., Koyama K., Wakabayashi T., Umeda S.

Cortex （Cortex） 137 271 - 281 2021年04月

査読有り, ISSN 00109452

The insular cortex is considered an important region for feeling emotions through interoception. Most studies that report the role of the insula in integrating interoception and emotion have used neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); however, there are limited neuropsychological studies. The effects of insular lesions on emotion and interoception have not been suitably investigated. In this study, we examined the role of the insular cortex in cardiac interoception and recognizing emotions from facial expressions by comparing them pre- and post-operatively in patients with glial tumors or brain metastases associated with the insular lobe. Although no significant difference in interoceptive accuracy was observed between the two phases, there were significant associations between the changes in interoceptive accuracy and sensitivity to expressions of anger and happiness. An increased error rate in the heartbeat counting task in the post-operation phase was associated with a decreased accuracy in recognizing anger and happiness. Since most patients had left insula lesions, generalizability of the findings to patients with right lesions is a future subject. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the change in interoception and emotion after insular resection in humans. The study results indicate that removal of the insula affects the recognition of emotions such as anger and happiness through interoceptive processing.

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自己と他者に関する未来思考におけるポジティブバイアスの違い

伊藤友一, 田仲祐登, 辻幸樹, 品川和志, 柴田みどり, 寺澤悠理, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2020 （ 0 ） 41 - 41 2021年03月

人の思考には時間（過去/未来），感情（ネガティブ/ポジティブ），自己/他者など様々な方向性があり，特に未来に関する思考のポジティブバイアスが多くの先行研究で示されている。しかしながら，それらは個人的な未来の想像を主な対象としており，他者の未来の想像でも同様のバイアスが生じるのかは明らかでない。本研究では，「私（彼）は／将来／試験に…」のように文手がかりを，主語，時間，内容の順に呈示し，自己または他者の未来について思考するよう参加者に求めた。このとき思考の感情価は参加者が任意に決定した。ポジティブ思考数がネガティブ思考数より多いことを以てポジティブバイアスとし，その傾向が自己に関する思考と他者に関する思考との間で異なるかどうか検討した。その結果，他者の遠い未来を想像するときにより強いポジティブバイアスが生じており，自己-他者間で異なる感情処理がなされていることが示唆された。

Lewy小体病における自律神経障害と認知障害

朝比奈正人, 梅田聡

脳神経内科 95 749 - 755 2021年

CiNii Research

隠れマルコフモデルを用いた課題中の思考状態の推定

品川和志, 板垣翼, 梅田聡

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 85 （ 0 ） PI-044 - PI-044 2021年

マインドワンダリング（MW）研究では，課題中に提示されるプローブによってMWが捉えられる。そのため，実験中に提示されるプローブは，思考状態の正確な測定において重要である。これまでの手法では，課題集中あるいは課題無関連思考集中に二分するものが主流であった。しかし，思考状態は常にどちらかの思考に分類されるものではなく，複数の状態が共存することが考えられる。本研究では，Go/No-go課題を行っている最中に，思考状態の共存を認める思考プローブを提示し，検討を行った（N＝30）。結果として，複数の思考が共存しているという主観報告が得られた。一方で，主観報告が得られた背景にある状態を，隠れマルコフモデルを用いて推定すると，従来の手法同様，課題集中，MW，両者の中間という思考状態が推定された。さらに，MW状態である区間では他の状態と比較して，反応時間の分散の増加がみられた（F（2, 58）＝6.504, p＝.003）。従来のプローブ法と同様の状態が推定されたことから，従来の手法でもMWを十分捉えていると考えられるが，より正確にMWを捉えるためには，共存状態を考慮する必要があることが示唆された。

β-Lactolin Enhances Neural Activity, Indicated by Event-Related P300 Amplitude, in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kanatome A., Ano Y., Shinagawa K., Ide Y., Shibata M., Umeda S.

Journal of Alzheimer S Disease 81 （ 2 ） 787 - 796 2021年

査読有り, ISSN 13872877

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that dairy product consumption is beneficial for cognitive function in elderly individuals. β-lactolin is a Gly-Thr-Trp-Tyr lacto-tetrapeptide rich in fermented dairy products that improves memory retrieval, attention, and executive function in older adults with subjective cognitive decline and prevents the pathology of Alzheimer's disease in rodents. There has been no study on the effects of β-lactolin on neural activity in humans. Objective: We investigated the effects of β-lactolin on neural activity and cognitive function in healthy adults. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 30 participants (45-64 years old) consumed β-lactolin or placebo for 6 weeks. Neural activity during auditory and language tasks was measured through 64-channel electroencephalography. Moreover, verbal fluency tests were performed at baseline and after 6 weeks. Results: The β-lactolin group had a significantly higher P300 amplitude at the Cp2 site (a part of the parietal lobe near the center of brain, p=0.011), and C4 site (the area between the frontal and parietal lobe, p=0.02) during the auditory tasks after 6 weeks than the placebo group. Thus, β-lactolin supplementation promoted neural activity in the parietal area, which increases concentration and attention during auditory cognitive tasks. Compared with the placebo group, the β-lactolin group also showed significant changes in the scores of verbal fluency test after 6 weeks (p=0.033). Conclusion: Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the effects of β-lactolin on attention in healthy adults.

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過食性障害傾向者におけるリスクテイキング行動と内受容感覚に関する検討

若月葵, 梅田聡

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 85 （ 0 ） PD-079 - PD-079 2021年

過食性障害（BED）では，ネガティブな結果に至る可能性を認識しながらも過食に及ぶというリスクテイキング行動が見られる。リスクテイキング行動に先行する意思決定は，身体内部の変化に関する感覚である内受容感覚と関連するとされる。BEDでは内受容感覚の正確性の低下が報告されてきたが，いずれも主観報告に基づくものであり，課題による客観的な測定によって，BEDの意思決定と身体感覚との関連についてより詳細な議論が可能になる。本研究では，BED傾向者を対象にバルーンアナログリスクタスクと心拍検出課題を行い，BED傾向の高低による，リスクテイキング，および内受容感覚の客観的な正確さの違いを検討した。その結果，BED傾向高群の方がリスクテイキングがむしろ弱く，食べ物以外の文脈ではむしろリスクを回避する傾向が見られた。内受容感覚についてはBED傾向高群でより正確である傾向が見られ，先行研究で示された主観報告に基づく正確性の低下と併せて，主観報告と課題のそれぞれから得られる正確性の間に乖離がある可能性が示唆された。今回見られた傾向は，BEDにおける過食エピソードの生起において重要な役割を果たす可能性がある。

熟成ホップ由来苦味酸の継続摂取による認知機能改善

阿野泰久, 福田隆文, 梅田聡

アルコールと医学生物学（梵天書房） 39 126 - 126 2020年12月

顔面と指尖における皮膚血流反応の情動指標としての可能性

朝比奈正人, 石川直樹, 梅田聡

日本自律神経学会総会プログラム・抄録集（日本自律神経学会） 73回 113 - 113 2020年11月

情動を生み出す脳神経基盤と自律神経機能—Neural mechanisms of emotion and autonomic nervous activities—特集痛みと情動

梅田聡

脳神経内科 = Neurology / 脳神経内科編集委員会編（科学評論社） 93 （ 3 ） 316 - 321 2020年09月

ISSN 2434-3285

CiNii Research

共感場面における顔血流と指尖血流の関連性の検討

石川直樹, 朝比奈正人, 梅田聡

生理心理学と精神生理学（日本生理心理学会） 38 （ 2 ） 119 - 119 2020年08月

ISSN 0289-2405

Alterations of Heartbeat Evoked Magnetic Fields Induced by Sounds of Disgust

Kato Y., Takei Y., Umeda S., Mimura M., Fukuda M.

Frontiers in Psychiatry （Frontiers in Psychiatry） 11 683 - 683 2020年07月

査読有り

© Copyright © 2020 Kato, Takei, Umeda, Mimura and Fukuda. The majority of the models of emotional processing attribute subjective emotional feelings to physiological changes in the internal milieu, which are sensed by the interoceptive system. These physiological reactions evoked by emotional phenomena occur via the autonomic nervous system, and give rise to alterations in body-mind interactions that are characterized by heartbeat evoked magnetic fields (HEFs) involving brain regions associated with emotional perception. The current study used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine regional cortical activity and connectivity changes in HEFs provoked by the emotion of disgust. MEG results from 39 healthy subjects (22 female) revealed that passively listening to sounds of disgust elicited right insular cortical activity and enhancement of cortical connectivity between the right anterior ventral insular cortex and left ventromedial prefrontal cortex, demonstrated by phase lag indexes in the beta frequency range. Furthermore, inter-trial coherence significantly increased at 19 Hz and 23 Hz, and decreased at 14 Hz, which highlights the involvement of low beta oscillations in emotional processing. As these results were based on spontaneously triggered bioelectrical signals, more indigenous and induced signals were extracted with a block designed experiment. The insular cortices play an important role in emotional regulation and perception as the main cortical target for signals with interoceptive information, providing direct substrates of emotional feelings. The current results provide a novel insight into frequency properties of emotional processing, and suggest that emotional arousal evoked by listening to sounds of disgust partially impact the autonomic nervous system, altering HEFs via connectivity changes in the right anterior ventral insular cortex and left ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

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ホップ由来苦味酸の継続摂取による認知機能改善と消化管上皮細胞の活性化

阿野泰久, 福田隆文, 高橋千佳, 山崎雄大, 梅田聡

日本栄養・食糧学会大会講演要旨集（(公社)日本栄養・食糧学会） 74回 284 - 284 2020年04月

前頭極と頭頂葉内側部における記憶機能—Zentōkyoku to tōtyōyou naisokubu ni okeru kioku kinou—Memory functions in the frontal pole and the medial parietal areas

梅田, 聡

哲學（三田哲學會） 144 3 - 27 2020年03月

ISSN 0563-2099

type:text
This paper reviews memory functions in the frontal pole and the medial parietal areas. Many studies have focused on both areas through various approaches, including neuropsychology, neuroimaging, psychiatry, neurology, and neurosurgery. In addition to the memory-related functions, both areas have substantially quite complex
higher-order cognitive functions, including executive functions, multi-task processing, future-oriented cognition, self-related cognition, and spatial cognition. Here, I picked up some fundamental perspectives in each area by reviewing previous studies to elucidate how the areas relate memory processing and provide some facets for delineating the whole aspect of memory mechanisms.
特集 : 伊東裕司教授退職記念号
寄稿論文

CiNii Research

Neural and clinical changes of cognitive behavioural therapy versus talking control in patients with major depression: A study protocol for a randomised clinical trial

Katayama N., Nakagawa A., Abe T., Kurata C., Sasaki Y., Mitsuda D., Nakao S., Mizuno S., Ozawa M., Nakagawa Y., Ishikawa N., Umeda S., Terasawa Y., Tabuchi H., Kikuchi T., Mimura M.

BMJ Open （BMJ Open） 10 （ 2 ） e029735 2020年02月

査読有り

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. While major depression causes substantial distress and impairment for affected individuals and society, the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in treating the condition has been established. However, the therapeutic mechanism underlying the efficacy of CBT remains unknown. This study aimed to describe a protocol for a randomised controlled trial that will measure the CBT-induced clinical and neural changes in patients with non-psychotic major depression. Methods and analysis The current study is a 16-week assessor-blinded, randomised, parallel-group trial with a 12-month follow-up as part of usual depression care at an outpatient clinic. Patients aged 20-69 years with major depressive disorder will be randomly assigned to receive either CBT in addition to their usual treatment or talking control in addition to their usual treatment for 16 weeks. The primary outcome is the functional changes in the brain areas that have been associated with future-oriented thinking at 16 weeks; secondary outcomes include changes in functional brain connectivity, severity and changes in the scores of objective and subjective clinical depression symptoms, proportion of responders and remitters and quality of life. The intention-to-treat analysis will be used. Ethics and dissemination All protocols and the informed consent form are compliant with the Ethics Guideline for Clinical Research (Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare). Ethical Review Committees at the Keio University School of Medicine have approved the study protocol (version 3, 11 September 2017). We will disseminate research findings to scientific and general audiences through national and international conference presentations as well as lay summaries to the general public, including mental health consumer and publications in international peer-reviewed psychiatry and brain imaging journals. Trial registration number UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000018155); Pre-results.

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Executive Function Evaluation System based on Wiping Desk Behavior in Virtual Space

Sho Ooi, Akihito Mihara, Mutsuo Sano, Hajime Tabuchi, Fumie Saito, Satoshi Umeda

9th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Applications (ICICA 2019) （International Academy Publishing (IAP)） 9 （ 4 ） 149 - 159 2020年02月

査読有り

In this study, we report the development of a virtual reality (VR) system that evaluates executive function based on cleaning behaviors in real-time. It is known that patients with acquired brain injuries present adverse symptoms such as attention, memory, and functional disorders, as well as aphasia. Current methods to evaluate acquired brain injuries include tests such as the behavioral assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome (BADS) and digital clinical assessment for attention (D-CAT) tests; however, these tests require special/specific toolkits, and the methods are rigorous when applied for real-time dynamic evaluation. Moreover, patients are often burdened by the need to undergo paper tests as required by the evaluation methods. In this context, we propose and verify the efficacy of a method that offers real-time dynamic evaluation of acquired brain injury based on daily-living activities such as cooking, cleaning, and shopping. In this study, we focus on executive function relating to acquired brain injury, and we propose a real-time dynamic evaluation method for executive functioning using VR, which enables the automatic evaluation of subjects’ table-cleaning behavior. Our results indicate that our system can automatically assess subjects’ table cleaning behavior based on BADS test, while affording a cleaning behavior maximum average accuracy of 75.5%.

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Effects of Hop Bitter Acids, Bitter Components in Beer, on Cognition in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Fukuda T., Obara K., Saito J., Umeda S., Ano Y.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry （Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry） 68 （ 1 ） 206 - 212 2020年01月

査読有り, ISSN 00218561

© 2019 American Chemical Society. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of matured hop bitter acids (MHBAs) on human cognition, mental fatigue, and mood state. In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, 60 healthy adults (age 45-64 years) with self-awareness of cognitive decline were randomly divided into 2 groups and received either orally administered MHBAs (35 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Cognitive functions and mental states were assessed using neuropsychological tests or questionnaires at baseline and weeks 6 and 12 of the intervention. The change in verbal fluency score at week 6 compared with that at baseline was significantly higher in the MHBAs-treated group compared with that in the placebo group (P = 0.034), and Stroop test score at week 12 was significantly lower in the MHBAs-treated group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.019). Furthermore, subjective fatigue and anxiety at week 12 were significantly improved in the MHBAs-treated group (P = 0.008 and 0.043, respectively) compared with the placebo group. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of bitter ingredients in beer on cognition, subjective mood, and mental fatigue in a clinical trial. Our findings suggest that hop-derived bitter acids might be beneficial for cognition and mood state.

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Affective and temporal orientation of thoughts: Electrophysiological evidence

Ito Y., Shibata M., Tanaka Y., Terasawa Y., Umeda S.

Brain Research （Brain Research） 1719 148 - 156 2019年09月

査読有り, ISSN 00068993

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. The factors that determine the content and valence of spontaneous thoughts have not yet been clarified. In this study, we focused on the effects of bodily states and depression and anxiety traits. Participants performed a past/future thinking task in which three-part sentences including temporal cues were presented in a sequential pattern, for example “in the near future/dreams/will come true”. We measured heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs)to assess affective processing, and event-related potentials (ERPs)to assess temporal processing of thoughts that emerged when the temporal cue words were presented. The HEPs predicted thought valence irrespective of personality traits. Larger N400 ERPs were observed in response to past-oriented than to future-oriented words in participants with higher levels of depression, whereas the opposite was the case in participants with higher social anxiety. Our data suggest that afferent signals modulate affective thought-orientations as triggers, and that individuals with depression and anxiety have sensitivity toward temporal information at the neural level.

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脳波を用いたノイズ感受性の神経メカニズムの検討

小髙真奈, 柴田みどり, 伊藤友一, 田仲祐登, 辻幸樹, 品川和志, 寺澤悠理, 梅田聡

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 83 2B-038 - 2B-038 2019年09月

AFFECTIVE PROCESSING AND SELF/OTHER IN FUTURE THINKING: AN HEP STUDY

Yuichi Ito, Yuto Tanaka, Koki Tsuji, Kazushi Shinagawa, Midori Shibata, Yuri Terasawa, Satoshi Umeda

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 56 S77 - S77 2019年09月

ISSN 0048-5772

CHANGE OF NEURAL ACTIVITY TOWARD AWARENESS OF MIND WANDERING: AN ERP STUDY

Kazushi Shinagawa, Yuichi Ito, Koki Tsuji, Yuto Tanaka, Mana Odaka, Midori Shibata, Yuri Terasawa, Satoshi Umeda

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 56 S61 - S61 2019年09月

ISSN 0048-5772

VR Executive Function Training System based on Cleaning Task

Shohei Namisato, Sho Ooi, Mutsuo Sano, Takumi Tsujimura, Satoshi Umeda, Hajime Tabuchi, Fumie Saito

The Seventh Annual Conference on Advances in Cognitive Systems (ACS) 292 - 307 2019年08月

査読有り

慢性頭痛患者における内受容感覚

朝比奈正人, 田仲祐登, 辻幸樹, 寺澤悠理, 梅田聡

日本頭痛学会誌（(一社)日本頭痛学会） 46 （ 1 ） 225 - 229 2019年08月

ISSN 1345-6547

Anterior insular cortex stimulation and its effects on emotion recognition

Motomura K., Terasawa Y., Natsume A., Iijima K., Chalise L., Sugiura J., Yamamoto H., Koyama K., Wakabayashi T., Umeda S.

Brain Structure and Function （Brain Structure and Function） 224 （ 6 ） 2167 - 2181 2019年07月

査読有り, ISSN 18632653

© 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. With the objective to investigate the role of the insula in recognizing emotion, we performed direct electrical stimulation over the anterior insular cortex during awake surgery while simultaneously delivering an emotional sensitivity task. We registered 18 consecutive patients with brain tumors associated with the insular lobe, who were undergoing tumor resection. An emotional sensitivity task was employed to measure the patients’ ability to recognize emotions from facial expressions before, during, and after awake surgery. Furthermore, we performed voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) to identify the association between relevant brain lesions and emotion recognition. When we performed direct electrical stimulation over the anterior insular cortex during awake surgery, the results showed that the ability to recognize anger was significantly enhanced with the presence of anterior insular stimulation (p < 0.05). Comparing the performance in the emotional sensitivity task before and after surgery, the performance in the anger condition became worse (p < 0.01), but became better in the sadness condition after surgery (p < 0.01). In the case of anger recognition, lower scores in the correct response index were associated with lesions involving the left insula in the VLSM study. Direct electrical stimulation over the anterior insular cortex enhanced anger recognition in patients with insular tumors. In contrast, accuracy of anger recognition was significantly reduced, and sadness was improved, when the performance of emotional sensitivity was compared pre- and post-surgery. Our findings suggest that the insular cortex is involved in changes in emotion recognition, including anger and sadness recognition by modulating arousal level that is closely connected with interoception.

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Machiavellianism and early neural responses to others’ facial expressions caused by one's own decisions

Osumi T., Tsuji K., Shibata M., Umeda S.

Psychiatry Research （Psychiatry Research） 271 669 - 677 2019年01月

ISSN 0165-1781

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. The processing of social stimuli generated by one's own voluntary behavior is an element of social adaptation. It is known that self-generated stimuli induce attenuated sensory experiences compared with externally generated stimuli. The present study aimed to examine this self-specific attenuation effect on early stimulus processing in the case of others’ facial expressions during interpersonal interactions. In addition, this study explored the possibility that the self-specific attenuation effect on social cognition is modulated by antisocial personality traits such as Machiavellianism. We analyzed early components of the event-related brain potential in participants elicited by happy and sad facial expressions of others when the participant's decision was responsible for the others’ emotions and when the others’ facial expressions were independent of the participant's decision. Compared to the non-responsible condition, the responsible condition showed an attenuated amplitude of the N170 component in response to sad faces. Moreover, Machiavellianism explained individual differences in the self-specific attenuation effect depending on the affective valence of social signals. The present findings support the possibility that the self-specific attenuation effect extends to interpersonal interactions and imply that distorted cognition of others’ emotions caused by one's own behavior is associated with personality disorders that promote antisocial behaviors.

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Supplementation with whey peptide rich in β-lactolin improves cognitive performance in healthy older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Kita M., Kobayashi K., Obara K., Koikeda T., Umeda S., Ano Y.

Frontiers in Neuroscience （Frontiers in Neuroscience） 13 （ APR ） 399 2019年

査読有り, ISSN 16624548

Copyright © 2019 Kita, Kobayashi, Obara, Koikeda, Umeda and Ano. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Epidemiological reports showed that consumptions of fermented dairy products are beneficial for cognitive decline in elderly. Our previous preclinical studies have demonstrated that intakes of whey peptide rich in the β-lactolin [β-lactopeptide of glycine-thereonine-tryptophan-tyrosine (GTWY)] improve memory and attention by regulating monoamine system, and clinical study using neuropsychological test suggested that consumptions with GTWY-rich whey peptide enhance cognitive performance associated with the frontal cortex activity. However, corresponding interventional studies in humans are limited. Objectives: to evaluate the effects of the whey peptide on cognitive functions in healthy older adults using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial design. 114 healthy subjects aged 50-75 were supplemented with the whey peptide or placebo for 12 weeks, and changes in cognitive function were assessed using neuropsychological tests at weeks 0, 6, and 12 of the intervention. Neuropsychological tests included assessments for memory functions (subtests from Wechsler memory scale-revised, standard verbal paired-associate learning test, and recognition memory test for faces), assessments for attention (cancelation and detection tests), and assessments for general cognitive functions (repeatable battery for assessments of neuropsychological status). Cerebral blood flow was also assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) after 6 weeks of intervention. This study was registered on the 19 November, 2017 in the database of the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) prior to enrollment of subjects (Registration No. UMIN000030461: https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htm). In the whey peptide group, visual paired-associates I and visual cancelation tests were significantly improved compared with those in the placebo group at weeks 6 and 12 of the intervention, respectively. Visuospatial and constructional scores of the repeatable battery for assessments of neuropsychological status and standard verbal paired-associate learning tests (S-PA) also tended to be improved by the intervention at week 12. Daily intakes of GTWY-rich whey peptide show beneficial effects on cognitive performance, especially associative learning memory and control of attention, in healthy older adults and might prevent age-related cognitive declines.

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Frontopolar cortex activation associated with pessimistic future-thinking in adults with major depressive disorder

Katayama N., Nakagawa A., Umeda S., Terasawa Y., Kurata C., Tabuchi H., Kikuchi T., Mimura M.

NeuroImage: Clinical （NeuroImage: Clinical） 23 101877 - 101877 2019年

査読有り

© 2019 The Author(s) Background: Pessimistic thinking about the future is one of the cardinal symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and is an important domain of cognitive functioning associated with hopelessness. Neuroimaging studies have shown that the frontopolar cortex (Brodmann area [BA] 10) is involved in thinking about the future and demonstrated that patients with MDD have dysfunctions in BA10. However, the relationship between pessimistic thinking about the future and brain activity is unclear. Hence, we aimed to compare brain activity during future-thinking between patients with MDD and healthy individuals. Methods: We assessed 23 patients with current MDD and 23 healthy individuals. Participants were instructed to imagine the future or to recall the past using the future-thinking paradigm with four distinct temporal conditions (distant future, near future, distant past, and near past) during functional MRI. Resting-state functional MRI was also performed to explore the functional connectivity of BA10. Results: Compared with healthy individuals, patients with MDD had greater negative thinking about the distant future and exhibited increased activation in the medial BA10 when imagining the distant future, following small-volume correction focusing on the frontopolar a priori region of interest (family-wise error correction p < 0.05). Increased positive functional correlation between the right BA10 seed region and the posterior cingulate cortex was also observed. Conclusion: Patients with MDD who show greater pessimistic thinking about the distant future demonstrate increased activation in the frontopolar cortex. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that frontopolar cortical dysfunction plays a key role in the hopelessness that manifests in patients with MDD.

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PET-detectable tau pathology correlates with long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury

Takahata K., Kimura Y., Sahara N., Koga S., Shimada H., Ichise M., Saito F., Moriguchi S., Kitamura S., Kubota M., Umeda S., Niwa F., Mizushima J., Morimoto Y., Funayama M., Tabuchi H., Bieniek K.F., Kawamura K., Zhang M.R., Dickson D.W., Mimura M., Kato M., Suhara T., Higuchi M.

Brain （Brain） 142 （ 10 ） 3265 - 3279 2019年

査読有り, ISSN 00068950

© The Author(s) (2019). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. Tau deposits is a core feature of neurodegenerative disorder following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite ample evidence from post-mortem studies demonstrating exposure to both mild-repetitive and severe TBIs are linked to tau depositions, associations of topology of tau lesions with late-onset psychiatric symptoms due to TBI have not been explored. To address this issue, we assessed tau deposits in long-term survivors of TBI by PET with 11C-PBB3, and evaluated those associations with late-life neuropsychiatric outcomes. PET data were acquired from 27 subjects in the chronic stage following mild-repetitive or severe TBI and 15 healthy control subjects. Among the TBI patients, 14 were diagnosed as having late-onset symptoms based on the criteria of traumatic encephalopathy syndrome. For quantification of tau burden in TBI brains, we calculated 11C-PBB3 binding capacity (cm3), which is a summed voxel value of binding potentials (BP*ND) multiplied by voxel volume. Main outcomes of the present study were differences in 11C-PBB3 binding capacity between groups, and the association of regional 11C-PBB3 binding capacity with neuropsychiatric symptoms. To confirm 11C-PBB3 binding to tau deposits in TBI brains, we conducted in vitro PBB3 fluorescence and phospho-tau antibody immunofluorescence labelling of brain sections of chronic traumatic encephalopathy obtained from the Brain Bank. Our results showed that patients with TBI had higher 11C-PBB3 binding capacities in the neocortical grey and white matter segments than healthy control subjects. Furthermore, TBI patients with traumatic encephalopathy syndrome showed higher 11C-PBB3 binding capacity in the white matter segment than those without traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, and regional assessments revealed that subgroup difference was also significant in the frontal white matter. 11C-PBB3 binding capacity in the white matter segment correlated with the severity of psychosis. In vitro assays demonstrated PBB3-positive tau inclusions at the depth of neocortical sulci, confirming 11C-PBB3 binding to tau lesions. In conclusion, increased 11C-PBB3 binding capacity is associated with late-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms following TBI, and a close correlation was found between psychosis and 11C-PBB3 binding capacity in the white matter.

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Spontaneous activation of event details in episodic future simulation

Ito Y., Terasawa Y., Umeda S., Kawaguchi J.

Frontiers in Psychology （Frontiers in Psychology） 10 （ MAR ） 625 2019年

査読有り

© 2019 Ito, Terasawa, Umeda and Kawaguchi. Episodic future simulation is supported by both the retrieval and recombination of episodic details. It remains unclear, however, how individuals retrieve episodic details from memory to construct possible future scenarios; for this people must use details related to the planned future events appropriately. A potentially relevant cognitive process is the spontaneous activation of intention observed in prospective memory (i.e., the intention superiority effect). Previous studies on prospective memory have shown that the approximation of retrieval opportunities for future intentions activate related information, suggesting that the intention superiority effect is context-sensitive. We hypothesized that the same cognitive process underlies future simulation-that is, details related to future events should spontaneously become activated at the appropriate moment of future simulation to make that simulation plausible. In Experiment 1, participants took part in future experiments and formed intentions to perform particular actions for the next experiments. Subsequently, they imagined events that could occur up until they arrived at the experimental room on the day of the next experiment. During this exercise, they did not imagine engaging in the required experimental task. We measured the conceptual activation of intention-related information via a recognition task using intended action words as targets. The results showed the intention superiority effect-concepts related to participants' future intentions became active when envisioning future events approaching the next experiment. In Experiments 2 and 3, we ensured that the intention superiority effect in future simulation was context-sensitive by adding a control condition that required participants to imagine events other than the approaching future experiments. These results indicated that concepts related to the intended actions were spontaneously activated when imagined future events became both temporally and spatially close to the future simulation. Our finding suggests that spontaneous activation of details approaching the context of a future simulation helps in constructing plausible future scenarios.

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Dysconnectivity of the agency network in schizophrenia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Koreki A., Maeda T., Okimura T., Terasawa Y., Kikuchi T., Umeda S., Nishikata S., Yagihashi T., Kasahara M., Nagai C., Moriyama Y., Den R., Watanabe T., Kikumoto H., Kato M., Mimura M.

Frontiers in Psychiatry （Frontiers in Psychiatry） 10 （ APR ） 171 - 171 2019年

査読有り

Copyright © 2019 Koreki, Maeda, Okimura, Terasawa, Kikuchi, Umeda, Nishikata, Yagihashi, Kasahara, Nagai, Moriyama, Den, Watanabe, Kikumoto, Kato and Mimura. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Background: Self-disturbances in schizophrenia have recently been explained by an abnormality in the sense of agency (SoA). The cerebral structures of SoA in healthy people are considered to mainly include the insula and inferior parietal lobule. In contrast, the functional lesion of aberrant SoA in schizophrenia is not yet fully understood. Considering the recent explanation of establishing SoA from the standpoint of associative learning, the “agency network” may include not only the insula and inferior parietal lobule but also the striatum. We hypothesized that aberrant SoA in schizophrenia is based on a deficit in the “agency network.” Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while patients with schizophrenia (n = 15) and matched controls (n = 15) performed our adaptation method of agency attribution task on a trial-by-trial basis to assess participants' explicit experience of the temporal causal relationship between an action and an external event with temporal biases. Analysis of functional connectivity was done using the right supramarginal gyrus and the right middle frontal gyrus as seed regions. Results: In healthy controls, analyses revealed increased activation of the right inferior parietal lobule (mainly the supramarginal gyrus), right insula, and right middle frontal gyrus as an activation of the agency condition. We defined activated Brodmann areas shown in the agency condition of healthy controls as the seed region for connectivity analysis. The connectivity analysis revealed lower connectivity between the head of the left caudate nucleus and right supramarginal gyrus in the patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: This dysconnectivity of the agency network in schizophrenia may lead to self-disturbance through deficits in associative learning of SoA. These findings may explain why pathological function of the striatum in schizophrenia leads to self-disturbance.

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Neurocognitive mechanisms of social anxiety and interoception

Terasawa Y., Umeda S.

Island of Reil (Insula) in the Human Brain: Anatomical, Functional, Clinical and Surgical Aspects （Island of Reil (Insula) in the Human Brain: Anatomical, Functional, Clinical and Surgical Aspects） 113 - 120 2018年07月

ISSN 9783319754673

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Effect of supplementation of a whey peptide rich in tryptophan-tyrosine-related peptides on cognitive performance in healthy adults

Kita Masahiro, Obara Kuniaki, Kondo Sumio, Umeda Satoshi, Ano Yasuhisa

Nutrients 10 （ 7 ） 2018年07月

ISSN 2072-6643

Background: Previous epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that dairy products have beneficial effects on cognitive decline and dementia. Enzymatic digestion of whey protein produces a whey peptide rich in tryptophan-tyrosine-related peptides which improve cognitive performance in mice. We evaluated the effects of whey peptides on cognitive functions in healthy adults in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Methods: 101 healthy adults (45 to 64 years), with a self-awareness of cognitive decline received either whey peptide or placebo supplements for 12 weeks. Changes in cognitive function were assessed using neuropsychological tests at 6 and 12 weeks after the start of supplementation. Results: Verbal fluency test (VFT) score changes tended to be higher in the whey peptide group compared with the placebo at 12 weeks. Subgroup analysis classified by the degree of subjective fatigue showed that changes in the VFT as well as the Stroop and subjective memory function tests between baseline and 6 weeks of intervention were significantly better in subjects with high-level fatigue from the whey peptide group as compared to the placebo group. Conclusions: Intake of whey peptide might improve cognitive function in healthy middle- and older-aged adults with high subjective fatigue levels. Further studies will elucidate the relationship among cognitive improvement, whey peptides, and psychological fatigue.

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Effect of supplementation of a whey peptide rich in tryptophan-tyrosine-related peptides on cognitive performance in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Kita M., Obara K., Kondo S., Umeda S., Ano Y.

Nutrients （Nutrients） 10 （ 7 ） 2018年07月

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Background: Previous epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that dairy products have beneficial effects on cognitive decline and dementia. Enzymatic digestion of whey protein produces a whey peptide rich in tryptophan-tyrosine-related peptides which improve cognitive performance in mice. We evaluated the effects of whey peptides on cognitive functions in healthy adults in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Methods: 101 healthy adults (45 to 64 years), with a self-awareness of cognitive decline received either whey peptide or placebo supplements for 12 weeks. Changes in cognitive function were assessed using neuropsychological tests at 6 and 12 weeks after the start of supplementation. Results: Verbal fluency test (VFT) score changes tended to be higher in the whey peptide group compared with the placebo at 12 weeks. Subgroup analysis classified by the degree of subjective fatigue showed that changes in the VFT as well as the Stroop and subjective memory function tests between baseline and 6 weeks of intervention were significantly better in subjects with high-level fatigue from the whey peptide group as compared to the placebo group. Conclusions: Intake of whey peptide might improve cognitive function in healthy middle- and older-aged adults with high subjective fatigue levels. Further studies will elucidate the relationship among cognitive improvement, whey peptides, and psychological fatigue.

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Functional Anatomy of Encoding/Retrieval Processing in the Medial Parietal Areas

Umeda S.

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo （Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo） 70 （ 7 ） 763 - 769 2018年07月

ISSN 18816096

This article reviews memory functions in the medial parietal areas, which consist of the retrosplenial cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, and the precuneus. These areas are involved in various cognitive functions including memory processing, spatial cognition, and self-related processing. Fundamental previous studies from the areas of neuropsychology, neuroimaging, psychiatry, and neurology, are covered to describe memory-related functions in the medial parietal areas. The focus is on the default mode network and the encoding/retrieval flip as key issues for understanding memory functions in the medial parietal areas.

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Interoception and Mental Health

Khalsa Sahib S., Adolphs Ralph, Cameron Oliver G., Critchley Hugo D., Davenport Paul W., Feinstein Justin S., Feusner Jamie D., Garfinkel Sarah N., Lane Richard D., Mehling Wolf E., Meuret Alicia E., Nemeroff Charles B., Oppenheimer Stephen, Petzschner Frederike H., Pollatos Olga, Rhudy Jamie L., Schramm Lawrence P., Simmons W. Kyle, Stein Murray B., Stephan Klaas E., Van den Bergh Omer, Van Diest Ilse, von Leupoldt Andreas, Paulus Martin P., Ainley Vivien, Al Zoubi Obada, Aupperle Robin, Avery Jason, Baxter Leslie, Benke Christoph, Berner Laura, Bodurka Jerzy, Breese Eric, Brown Tiffany, Burrows Kaiping, Cha Yoon Hee, Clausen Ashley, Cosgrove Kelly, Deville Danielle, Duncan Laramie, Duquette Patrice, Ekhtiari Hamed, Fine Thomas, Ford Bart, Garcia Cordero Indira, Gleghorn Diamond, Guereca Yvette, Harrison Neil A., Terasawa Yuuri, Umeda Satoshi

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 3 （ 6 ） 501 - 513 2018年06月

ISSN 2451-9022

Interoception refers to the process by which the nervous system senses, interprets, and integrates signals originating from within the body, providing a moment-by-moment mapping of the body's internal landscape across conscious and unconscious levels. Interoceptive signaling has been considered a component process of reflexes, urges, feelings, drives, adaptive responses, and cognitive and emotional experiences, highlighting its contributions to the maintenance of homeostatic functioning, body regulation, and survival. Dysfunction of interoception is increasingly recognized as an important component of different mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, addictive disorders, and somatic symptom disorders. However, a number of conceptual and methodological challenges have made it difficult for interoceptive constructs to be broadly applied in mental health research and treatment settings. In November 2016, the Laureate Institute for Brain Research organized the first Interoception Summit, a gathering of interoception experts from around the world, with the goal of accelerating progress in understanding the role of interoception in mental health. The discussions at the meeting were organized around four themes: interoceptive assessment, interoceptive integration, interoceptive psychopathology, and the generation of a roadmap that could serve as a guide for future endeavors. This review article presents an overview of the emerging consensus generated by the meeting.

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Interoception and Mental Health: A Roadmap

Khalsa S., Adolphs R., Cameron O., Critchley H., Davenport P., Feinstein J., Feusner J., Garfinkel S., Lane R., Mehling W., Meuret A., Nemeroff C., Oppenheimer S., Petzschner F., Pollatos O., Rhudy J., Schramm L., Simmons W., Stein M., Stephan K., Van den Bergh O., Van Diest I., von Leupoldt A., Paulus M., Ainley V., Al Zoubi O., Aupperle R., Avery J., Baxter L., Benke C., Berner L., Bodurka J., Breese E., Brown T., Burrows K., Cha Y., Clausen A., Cosgrove K., Deville D., Duncan L., Duquette P., Ekhtiari H., Fine T., Ford B., Garcia Cordero I., Gleghorn D., Guereca Y., Harrison N., Hassanpour M., Hechler T., Heller A., Hellman N., Herbert B., Jarrahi B., Kerr K., Kirlic N., Klabunde M., Kraynak T., Kriegsman M., Kroll J., Kuplicki R., Lapidus R., Le T., Hagen K., Mayeli A., Morris A., Naqvi N., Oldroyd K., Pané-Farré C., Phillips R., Poppa T., Potter W., Puhl M., Safron A., Sala M., Savitz J., Saxon H., Schoenhals W., Stanwell-Smith C., Teed A., Terasawa Y., Thompson K., Toups M., Umeda S., Upshaw V., Victor T., Wierenga C., Wohlrab C., Yeh H., Yoris A., Zeidan F., Zotev V., Zucker N.

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging （Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging） 3 （ 6 ） 501 - 513 2018年06月

ISSN 24519022

© 2017 Society of Biological Psychiatry Interoception refers to the process by which the nervous system senses, interprets, and integrates signals originating from within the body, providing a moment-by-moment mapping of the body's internal landscape across conscious and unconscious levels. Interoceptive signaling has been considered a component process of reflexes, urges, feelings, drives, adaptive responses, and cognitive and emotional experiences, highlighting its contributions to the maintenance of homeostatic functioning, body regulation, and survival. Dysfunction of interoception is increasingly recognized as an important component of different mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, addictive disorders, and somatic symptom disorders. However, a number of conceptual and methodological challenges have made it difficult for interoceptive constructs to be broadly applied in mental health research and treatment settings. In November 2016, the Laureate Institute for Brain Research organized the first Interoception Summit, a gathering of interoception experts from around the world, with the goal of accelerating progress in understanding the role of interoception in mental health. The discussions at the meeting were organized around four themes: interoceptive assessment, interoceptive integration, interoceptive psychopathology, and the generation of a roadmap that could serve as a guide for future endeavors. This review article presents an overview of the emerging consensus generated by the meeting.

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モチベーションを向上させるVR生活行動トレーニング構成法とリハビリテーションへの可能性 (イメージ・メディア・クオリティ)

佐野睦夫, 田中耀介, 阿部能成, 中前貴, 成本迅, 田渕肇, 斎藤文恵, 梅田聡

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報（電子情報通信学会） 117 （ 483 ） 117 - 121 2018年03月

ISSN 0913-5685

CiNii Research

Retrospective time estimation following damage to the prefrontal cortex

Kurosaki Y., Terasawa Y., Ibata Y., Hashimoto R., Umeda S.

Journal of Neuropsychology （Journal of Neuropsychology） 14 （ 1 ） 135 - 153 2018年01月

査読有り, ISSN 1748-6645

© 2018 The British Psychological Society Time estimation in patients with prefrontal cortex (PFC) damage is often inaccurate. The relationship between PFC and estimation of short time intervals has been examined. However, it remains unclear whether PFC damage affects estimation of longer time intervals. Here, we investigated the ability of patients and healthy subjects to verbally estimate a period of 30 min, using a method easily applied in clinical settings. In 99 patients with brain damage, we compared under and normal ranges of time in patients with PFC damage or damage to other brain areas with the chi-squared test. Subsequently, we conducted a discriminant analysis and a multiple linear regression analysis to identify specific brain areas affecting time estimation. We observed a significantly larger number of patients who overestimated 30 min in the group with bilateral PFC damage compared to patients with damage to other regions. Discriminant analysis revealed that damage of right lateral PFC and left medial PFC contributed to discrimination between the normal range and overestimation groups. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that right lateral PFC damage strongly affected overestimation of a 30-min interval. Neuropsychological test results revealed lower general cognitive function scores and orientation scores in overestimation group. The length of estimated time and the score of delayed word recall were negatively correlated. We propose that these may require encoding, maintenance, and updating of memory and are indirectly related to contextual memory. We discuss hypotheses on contextual memory segmentation and reconstruction to clarify the mechanism of impaired time overestimation in PFC-damaged patients.

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Comparison of emotional processing assessed with fear conditioning by interpersonal conflicts in patients with depression and schizophrenia

Tani H., Tada M., Maeda T., Konishi M., Umeda S., Terasawa Y., Mimura M., Takahashi T., Uchida H.

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences （Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences） 73 （ 3 ） 116 - 125 2018年01月

ISSN 1323-1316

© 2018 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences © 2018 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology Aim: While emotional processing is implicated in various psychiatric illnesses, its differences among diagnoses are unclear. We compared associative learning of social values in patients with depression and schizophrenia by measuring skin conductance response to interpersonal stimuli. Methods: We included 20 female outpatients each with depression and schizophrenia. They underwent Pavlovian conditioning experiments in response to a classical aversive sound, and an interpersonal stimulus that was designed to cause aversive social conditioning with actors’ faces coupled with negative verbal messages. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between the degree of conditioned response and the clinical characteristics of the participants. Results: Conditioned responses during the acquisition phase in both conditions were higher in depression compared to schizophrenia. Patients with depression successfully showed fear conditioning in both conditions, and they exhibited slower extinction in the interpersonal condition. The conditioned response during the extinction phase showed a positive association with Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Expressive Suppression score, and a negative association with the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Cognitive Reappraisal score and the use of antidepressants. Patients with schizophrenia did not become conditioned in either of the conditions. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Negative Syndrome score was negatively associated with the degree of conditioned response during the acquisition phase in the interpersonal condition. Conclusion: Female patients with schizophrenia, especially those who prominently demonstrated negative symptoms, suggested their intrinsic impairments in the associative learning of social context. Antidepressants and adaptive emotional regulation strategy may enhance the extinction learning of aversive social conditioning in depression.

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うつ病患者における未来に対する否定的な認知の偏り:未来性思考課題を用いて

片山奈理子, 中川敦夫, 梅田聡, 寺澤悠理, 田渕肇, 菊地俊暁, 三村將

日本うつ病学会総会プログラム・抄録集 15th 2018年

Sustained Attention Function Evaluation during Cooking Based on Egocentric Vision

Ooi Sho, Sano Mutsuo, Tabuchi Hajime, Saito Fumie, Umeda Satoshi

Proceedings - 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia, ISM 2017 （Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.） 2017-January 107 - 113 2017年12月

The attention function has been classified into (i) sustained attention, (ii) selective attention, (iii) controlled attention, (iv) distributed attention, and (v) capacity for attention. Ordinarily, in order to evaluate the function of attention, the digital cancellation test (D-CAT) or trail making test (TMT) are employed. However, these evaluations are in the form of paper tests, and cannot effectively evaluate small changes in activities daily of living in real time. Accordingly, we focus on human behavior during the act of cooking, in which multitasking is common and many types of ordinary movements are performed. We previously proposed a method of evaluating distributive attention during cooking and showed its effectiveness. In this study, a method for evaluating sustained attention is proposed. Specifically, we acquire an egocentric video by an egocentric vision and estimate line-of-sight based on the visual attention model that is integrated from the three kind of models (category-specific attention, top-down attention, and bottom-up attention). After that, we define line-to-sight information from high saliency area on the visual attention model.

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The impact of interoception on memory

Terasawa Yuri, Umeda Satoshi

Memory in a Social Context: Brain, Mind, and Society （Springer Japan） 165 - 178 2017年12月

Using interoception as a keyword, this chapter has summarized how changes in the internal physical state are encoded and how the processing of interoceptive information affects the memory of episodes and events. Interoceptive information processing is discussed frequently in the context of emotion in psychology. On the other hand, research studies and literature that have examined its relation to episodic memory are rare. However, changes in the internal physical state exist at the foundation of various concepts that have examined its relationship with memory. To understand the relationship more precisely, we focused on the following issues in this chapter: emotional arousal and bodily responses; effects of bodily responses on memory encoding; judgment related to memories and bodily response; and insular cortex and memory consolidation. Throughout the chapter, we presented the possibility that change in the physical state itself plays a role in latently supporting the encoding and recollection process.

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FEELING CHANGES OF INTERNAL BODILY STATE DURING EMOTIONAL RECOGNITION: AN ERP AND HEP STUDY

Yuto Tanaka, Yuichi Ito, Midori Shibata, Yuri Terasawa, Satoshi Umeda

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 54 S120 - S120 2017年12月

ISSN 0048-5772

TEMPORAL AND AFFECTIVE ORIENTATION OF THOUGHT IN DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY: AN ERP AND HEP STUDY

Yuichi Ito, Midori Shibata, Yuto Tanaka, Yuri Terasawa, Satoshi Umeda

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 54 S52 - S52 2017年12月

ISSN 0048-5772

刺激の特徴への選好を反映する神経指標の探索事象関連電位を用いた検証

辻幸樹, 柴田みどり, 梅田聡

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 81 3C-047 - 3C-047 2017年09月

うつ病患者における未来性思考過程未来性思考課題を用いて

片山奈理子, 中川敦夫, 梅田聡, 寺澤悠理, 菊地俊暁, 田渕肇, 三村將

日本うつ病学会総会・日本認知療法・認知行動療法学会プログラム・抄録集（日本うつ病学会・日本認知療法・認知行動療法学会） 14回・17回 260 - 260 2017年07月

Attention Behavior Evaluation during Daily Living based on Egocentric Vision

Sho Ooi, Tsuyoshi Ikegaya, Mutsuo Sano, Hajime Tabuchi, Fumie Saito, Satoshi Umeda

Journal of Advances in Information Technology 8 （ 2 ） 67 - 73 2017年05月

査読有り

Delayed-Onset Psychosis following TBI is Associated with Tau Depositions in the Neocortex but Not with beta-Amyloid Depositions: A Pet Study with [11C] PBB3 and [11C]PiB

Keisuke Takahata, Yasuyuki Kimura, Hitoshi Shimada, Masanori Ichise, Hajime Tabuchi, Soichiro Kitamura, Manabu Kubota, Sho Moriguchi, Tatsuya Ishii, Fumitoshi Nina, Hironobu End, Yoko Morimoto, Michitaka Funayama, Matsumoto Onaya, Naruhiko Sahara, Satoshi Umeda, Masaru Mimura, Makoto Higuchi, Tetsuya Suhara

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 81 （ 10 ） S295 - S296 2017年05月

査読有り, ISSN 0006-3223

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Area 10, 38

Umeda Satoshi

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo 69 （ 4 ） 355 - 365 2017年04月

ISSN 1881-6096

This paper reviews the structural specificities and functional roles in Brodmann areas 10 and 38. A number of studies have focused on both areas through various approaches including neuropsychology, neuroimaging, psychiatry, neurology, and neurosurgery. Both areas 10 and 38 may have a substantially very complex higher-order cognitive functions, which are quite hard to disentangle. Here, I picked up some fundamental perspectives for reviewing previous studies, to provide efficient research orientations for the elucidation of functions in both areas.

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Area 10, 38: Prospective functions in BA10 and semantic hub in BA38

Satoshi Umeda

Brain and Nerve （Igaku-Shoin Ltd） 69 （ 4 ） 355 - 365 2017年04月

ISSN 1881-6096

ウェアラブルセンサを用いた調理中の注意機能評価の検討 (パターン認識・メディア理解)

大井翔, 佐野睦夫, 田渕肇, 梅田聡, 斉藤文恵, 堀込俊郎

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報（電子情報通信学会） 116 （ 528 ） 255 - 258 2017年03月

ISSN 0913-5685

CiNii Research

Time course and localization of brain activity in humor comprehension

Shibata Midori, Terasawa Yuri, Osumi Takahiro, Masui Keita, Ito Yuichi, Sato Arisa, Umeda Satoshi

Brain Research 1657 215 - 222 2017年02月

ISSN 0006-8993

Although a number of studies have investigated the incongruity-detection and resolution process in humor comprehension, it is difficult to functionally and anatomically dissociate these processes. We used event-related potentials (ERP) and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis (sLORETA) to examine the time course and localization of brain activity during incongruity detection and resolution. We used the same materials as in our previous fMRI study. Eighteen participants read funny and unfunny scenarios and judged whether the target sentence was funny or not. Results indicated that ERPs elicited by a funny punch line showed a P2 component followed by a P600 component over the centro-parietal electrode sites. Our sLORETA analysis of the P2 ERPs revealed a stronger activation for the funny vs. unfunny condition in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). For the P600 ERPs, the funny punch line elicited greater activation in the temporal-parietal regions. These results indicate that incongruity-detection processes activate the SFG and mPFC in the P2 time window, while incongruity-resolution processes generate activation at the temporal-parietal regions in the P600 time window. These results provide the evidence that verbal humor comprehension is processed in steps which start with the incongruity detection in the early P2 time window and followed by a P600 component reflecting incongruity resolution.

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Time course and localization of brain activity in humor comprehension: An ERP/sLORETA study

梅田聡

BRAIN RESEARCH 1657 215 - 222 2017年02月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, ISSN 0006-8993

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感情認識が内受容感覚に与える影響

田仲祐登, 伊藤友一, 柴田みどり, 寺澤悠理, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2017 111 - 111 2017年

嫌悪，恐怖，喜びといった情動の生起には，自律神経反応が伴っている。情動によって生じる自律神経反応は意識的に感じられることがあり，自律神経反応を含めた身体内部の状態の知覚は内受容感覚と呼ばれている。本研究では，内受容感覚の意識的な感じやすさが，情動の種類あるいは性格傾向の違いによって異なるのかを検討した。参加者は嫌悪，恐怖，喜びを喚起させる画像を見たときに，自身の身体に変化が生じたかを答えた。内受容感覚を知覚できた刺激の数は嫌悪の情動が最も多く，次いで恐怖，喜びの順番であった。また，アレキシサイミア傾向が高い人は，恐怖の情動に対して身体の変化を感じにくく，状態不安の高い人は，喜びの情動に対し，身体の変化を意識的に知覚しやすかった。これらの結果は，意識的な内受容感覚は情動の種類によって感じやすさが異なっていること，それは性格傾向の影響も受けていることを示唆している。

視線手がかり課題における表情と不安傾向の影響

辻幸樹, 柴田みどり, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2017 53 - 53 2017年

視線を手がかりとしたPosner課題を視線手がかり課題と呼び，一般に手がかり刺激の恐怖表情や観察者の高不安傾向で手がかり効果が増大するとされるが，背景には視線と表情が持つ社会的シグナルの働きがあると考えられる。本研究では接近―逃避の対照的なシグナルを持つ怒りと恐怖の表情で視線手がかり課題を行い，状態不安得点で参加者を群分けして課題成績を分析した。その結果，視線と標的の一致性，表情，不安傾向の三要因間で二次の交互作用を得た。下位検定では，一致条件による注意促進が高不安の恐怖表情で高まるが低不安では逆に怒りで高く，低不安・恐怖では促進よりも不一致での抑制効果の方が大きい等の結果を得た。本研究の結果は，恐怖表情や高不安が手がかり効果を単純に促進するのではなく，視線と表情の組合せで異なる社会的シグナル機能が観察者の性格傾向との関係で異なる影響を受け，注意誘導効果の増減となって表れることを示唆する。

社会不安・抑うつ傾向と時間概念：

伊藤友一, 寺澤悠理, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2017 89 - 89 2017年

うつ病には過去のネガティブな記憶を反芻し，不安障害 (特に社会不安) には未来の事象についてネガティブな予期をするという特徴が見られる。このことから，抑うつ傾向の高い個人は過去に，社会不安傾向の高い個人は未来に対して，相対的にネガティブな概念が形成されている可能性が考えられる。本研究では，健常者を対象に潜在連合テスト (IAT) を用いて時間概念 (過去・未来) と感情価 (ネガティブ・ポジティブ) の連合を測定し，個人差 (社会不安傾向・抑うつ傾向) との関係を検討した。その結果，基本的に未来はポジティブ，過去はネガティブという時間概念と感情価の連合が存在しており，社会不安と抑うつ傾向の高低がその連合の強さに対して交互作用的に影響することが示された。これは，うつや社会不安に特徴的な認知の歪みが，時間概念と感情価の連合関係から捉えられる可能性を示唆している。

知覚課題と記憶課題における確信度

佐藤安里紗, 柴田みどり, 伊藤友一, 寺澤悠理, 辻幸樹, 田仲祐登, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2017 145 - 145 2017年

自身の能力についての知識であるメタ認知に関する研究において、確信度の正確性の観点からType2信号検出理論が近年注目されている。本研究では脳波を用い、知覚・記憶の二課題に対しType2信号検出理論を用いた検討を行った。実験では、知覚課題については、2つの刺激のうちより明るく見える方の位置を同定する課題を行い、記憶課題については、50単語をリストで一挙に提示したのち、再認を行った。それぞれ刺激提示時の事象関連電位とその刺激に対する確信度の関連性について検討した。結果、両課題で確信度が高いほど400ms以降特徴的な脳波成分が見られた。また記憶課題において、確信度が正確な人ほど400ms前後に特徴的な陰性成分が見られた。従って、刺激提示の段階において知覚判断に対しても記憶判断と同様の時間帯に確信度に関する処理が行なわれていること、その時間帯の処理の深さが正確性に影響していることが示唆された。

日常生活を拡張したリハビリテーション環境におけるパートナーロボットとのリハビリテーション構成法

佐野睦夫, 辻村拓実, 梅田聡, 田渕肇, 斎藤文恵, 成本迅, 稲邑哲也, 出江紳一

ロボティクス・メカトロニクス講演会講演概要集（一般社団法人日本機械学会） 2017 （ 0 ） 2P1 - Q10 2017年

We have studied various kinds of rehabilitation method in a real life space with partner robots for higher brain dysfunction patients. This paper proposes a rehabilitation system configuration method which digitizes a real life space, reconstruct an extended augmented real space. The proposed method can construct step by step their rehabilitation according a real life human situation by coordinating a partner robot for cognitive and physical disabled patients. We focus on activities of daily life (ADL) such as clean-up task and cooking.

抑うつにおける未来性思考の低下:fMRIを用いた検討

片山奈理子, 中川敦夫, 梅田聡, 寺澤悠理, 菊地俊暁, 田渕肇, 三村將

日本ヒト脳機能マッピング学会プログラム・抄録集 19th 2017年

Prospective memory mediated by interoceptive accuracy

Umeda Satoshi, Tochizawa Saiko, Shibata Midori, Terasawa Yuri

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371 （ 1708 ） 2016年11月

ISSN 0962-8436

Previous studies on prospective memory (PM), defined as memory for future intentions, suggest that psychological stress enhances successful PM retrieval. However, the mechanisms underlying this notion remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that PM retrieval is achieved through interaction with autonomic nervous activity, which is mediated by the individual accuracy of interoceptive awareness, as measured by the heartbeat detection task. In this study, the relationship between cardiac reactivity and retrieval of delayed intentions was evaluated using the event-based PM task. Participants were required to detect PM target letters while engaged in an ongoing 2-back working memory task. The results demonstrated that individuals with higher PM task performance had a greater increase in heart rate on PM target presentation. Also, higher interoceptive perceivers showed better PM task performance. This pattern was not observed for working memory task performance. These findings suggest that cardiac afferent signals enhance PM retrieval, which is mediated by individual levels of interoceptive accuracy. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health’.

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Prospective memory mediated by interoceptive accuracy: a psychophysiological approach

Satoshi Umeda, Saiko Tochizawa, Midori Shibata, Yuri Terasawa

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 371 （ 1708 ） 2016年11月

ISSN 0962-8436

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1人称視点による生活中の注意行動推定と行動理解 (パターン認識・メディア理解)

大井翔, 池ヶ谷剛, 佐野睦夫, 田渕肇, 梅田聡, 斉藤文恵, 掘込俊郎

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報（電子情報通信学会） 116 （ 208 ） 185 - 190 2016年09月

ISSN 0913-5685

CiNii Research

Emotion disorders and abnormal perspiration

Umeda Satoshi

Brain and Nerve （Igaku-Shoin Ltd） 68 （ 8 ） 893 - 901 2016年08月

ISSN 1881-6096

This article reviewed the relationship between emotional disorders and abnormal perspiration. First, I focused on local brain areas related to emotional processing, and summarized the functions of the emotional network involving those local areas. Functional disorders followed by the damage in the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and insular cortex were reviewed, including related abnormal perspiration. I then addressed the mechanisms of how autonomic disorders influence emotional processing. Finally, possible future directions for integrated understanding of the connection between neural activities and bodily reactions were discussed.

Retrieval of taste preference triggered by visual stimulus: An ERP/sLORETA study

Koki Tsuji, Midori Shibata, Arise Sato, Satoshi Umeda

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 51 888 - 888 2016年07月

ISSN 0020-7594

Relationship between the Dark Triad personality and the transition in forming interpersonal impression

Keita Masui, Mari Henmi, Nobuhiko Kijima, Satoshi Umeda

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 51 909 - 909 2016年07月

ISSN 0020-7594

Association between interoceptive accuracy in resting state and emotional state

Yuto Tanaka, Yuri Terasawa, Satoshi Umeda

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 51 555 - 555 2016年07月

ISSN 0020-7594

Time course and localization of brain activity during numerical processing in grapheme color synesthesia, an ERP and sLORETA study

Midori Shibata, Sa-Ya Fukuzaki, Arisa Sato, Satoshi Umeda

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 51 886 - 886 2016年07月

ISSN 0020-7594

Temporal characteristics of thought orientation: an ERP study

Yuichi Ito, Midori Shibata, Yuto Tanaka, Yuri Terasawa, Satoshi Umeda

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 51 883 - 884 2016年07月

ISSN 0020-7594

Effects of aging on interoceptive accuracy and emotional sensitivity

Yuri Terasawa, Satoshi Umeda

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 51 555 - 555 2016年07月

ISSN 0020-7594

Fear conditioning induced by interpersonal conflicts in patients with dysthymic disorder

Mitsuhiro Tada, Aki Endo, Mika Konishi, Takaki Maeda, Masuru Mimura, Ai Otani, Takuya Takahashi, Yuri Terasawa, Hiroyuki Uchida, Satoshi Umeda

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 19 124 - 124 2016年06月

ISSN 1461-1457

fMRIを用いたうつ病に対する認知行動療法の脳神経活動変化に関する予備的検討

片山奈理子, 中川敦夫, 寺澤悠理, 菊地俊暁, 梅田聡, 田渕肇, 三村將

精神神経学雑誌（(公社)日本精神神経学会） 112th （ 2016特別号） S624 - S624 2016年06月

ISSN 0033-2658

集団における主体判断への行動の結果と他者の影響

矢島由理恵, 田中祐登, 梅田聡

日本認知心理学会発表論文集（日本認知心理学会） 2016 142 - 142 2016年

ある行動について，それを自分が起こしたと感じる感覚を自己主体感という。本研究では，集団での行動のような，誰が実際の行動の主体か不明である状況における主体判断に焦点を当て，自己主体感が行動の結果や共に作業する相手によってどのような違いが見られるか検討した。面識のない他人あるいは知人と参加者2人で，提示される視覚刺激に対し早押しをさせ，ポジティブあるいはネガティブな結果を提示した後，実際の早押しをしたのが誰であったか判断をさせた。その結果，相手が他人の場合は，感情価にかかわらずフィードバックによる変化が大きいときに，自分が主体であったときの正答率が高くなった。一方，相手が知人の場合は，ネガティブな結果のときの主体判断の正答率が高い傾向にあった。これらの結果から，集団における主体判断には他者への親近性が関与することが示された。また，主体判断の誤答が精神疾患傾向と関係があることも示唆された。

Behavioral evidence of delayed prediction signals during agency attribution in patients with schizophrenia

Koreki Akihiro, Maeda Takaki, Fukushima Hirokata, Umeda Satoshi, Takahata Keisuke, Okimura Tsukasa, Funayama Michitaka, Iwashita Satoru, Mimura Masaru, Kato Motoichiro

Psychiatry Research 230 （ 1 ） 78 - 83 2015年11月

ISSN 0165-1781

Self-disturbance, a core feature of schizophrenia, recently has been explained from the standpoint of an abnormal sense of agency (SoA). Previous studies showed that aberrant SoA in schizophrenia arise from imprecise predictions about the sensory consequences of actions. However, the nature of the malfunctioning predictions remains unclear. We examined the temporally "delayed" nature of inadequate predictions. We studied 30 patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls. Our original SoA task evaluates explicit experience of the temporal causal relationship between an intentional action and an effect on a computer screen under the presence of temporal biases. We introduced an adaptation with a "trial-by-trial" method that prolonged or shortened the temporal biases. We hypothesized that delayed prediction signals in schizophrenia could lead to a match in timing between predictions and actual outcomes, resulting in self-agency. The adjustment courses to changing temporal biases were evaluated. Patients with schizophrenia continued to feel self-agency even when the adjusted temporal bias was longer than 1000. ms. This result indicated that patient's prediction would be delayed in each trial. Our study empirically showed behavioral evidence for "delayed" prediction signals in a SoA paradigm for the first time.

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Behavioral evidence of delayed prediction signals during agency attribution in patients with schizophrenia

梅田聡

PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH 230 （ 1 ） 78 - 83 2015年11月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, ISSN 0165-1781

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感情制御の神経メカニズムを探る: 脳画像研究からのアプローチ

梅田聡, 月浦崇, 菊地俊暁, 関口敦

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 79 SS-085 - SS-085 2015年09月

視覚刺激による味覚選好想起の脳内機構: ERPを用いた検証

辻幸樹, 柴田みどり, 佐藤安里紗, 梅田聡

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 79 1AM-082 - 1AM-082 2015年09月

社会的カテゴリーが顔認知に及ぼす影響―事象関連電位による検討―

増井啓太, 寺澤悠理, 柴田みどり, 佐藤安里紗, 辻幸樹, 福田春奈, 梅田聡

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 79 2PM-028 - 2PM-028 2015年09月

Attenuated sensitivity to the emotions of others by insular lesion

梅田聡

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY 6 78 - 83 2015年09月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, ISSN 1664-1078

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うつ病性障害における安静時fMRIを用いた認知行動療法による脳機能の変化

菊地俊暁, 寺澤悠理, 梅田聡, 渡邊衡一郎, 加藤元一郎

日本生物学的精神医学会・日本神経精神薬理学会合同年会プログラム・抄録集（日本生物学的精神医学会・日本神経精神薬理学会） 37回・45回 198 - 198 2015年09月

Fear conditioning induced by interpersonal conflicts in healthy individuals

Tada Mitsuhiro, Uchida Hiroyuki, Maeda Takaki, Konishi Mika, Umeda Satoshi, Terasawa Yuri, Nakajima Shinichiro, Mimura Masaru, Miyazaki Tomoyuki, Takahashi Takuya

PLoS ONE 10 （ 5 ） 2015年05月

ISSN 1932-6203

Psychophysiological markers have been focused to investigate the psychopathology of psychiatric disorders and personality subtypes. In order to understand neurobiological mechanisms underlying these conditions, fear-conditioning model has been widely used. However, simple aversive stimuli are too simplistic to understand mechanisms because most patients with psychiatric disorders are affected by social stressors. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a newly-designed conditioning experiment using a stimulus to cause interpersonal conflicts and examine associations between personality traits and response to that stimulus. Twenty-nine healthy individuals underwent the fear conditioning and extinction experiments in response to three types of stimuli: a simple aversive sound, disgusting pictures, and pictures of an actors' face with unpleasant verbal messages that were designed to cause interpersonal conflicts. Conditioned response was quantified by the skin conductance response (SCR). Correlations between the SCR changes, and personality traits measured by the Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (ZAN-BPD) and Revised NEO Personality Inventory were explored. The interpersonal conflict stimulus resulted in successful conditioning, which was subsequently extinguished, in a similar manner as the other two stimuli. Moreover, a greater degree of conditioned response to the interpersonal conflict stimulus correlated with a higher ZANBPD total score. Fear conditioning and extinction can be successfully achieved, using interpersonal conflicts as a stimulus. Given that conditioned fear caused by the interpersonal conflicts is likely associated with borderline personality traits, this paradigm could contribute to further understanding of underlying mechanisms of interpersonal fear implicated in borderline personality disorder.

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Neurovisceral phenotypes in the expression of psychiatric symptoms

Eccles Jessica A., Owens Andrew P., Mathias Christopher J., Umeda Satoshi, Critchley Hugo D.

Frontiers in Neuroscience 9 （ JAN ） 2015年

ISSN 1662-4548

This review explores the proposal that vulnerability to psychological symptoms, particularly anxiety, originates in constitutional differences in the control of bodily state, exemplified by a set of conditions that include Joint Hypermobility, Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Vasovagal Syncope. Research is revealing how brainbody mechanisms underlie individual differences in psychophysiological reactivity that can be important for predicting, stratifying and treating individuals with anxiety disorders and related conditions. One common constitutional difference is Joint Hypermobility, in which there is an increased range of joint movement as a result of a variant of collagen. Joint hypermobility is over-represented in people with anxiety, mood and neurodevelopmental disorders. It is also linked to stress-sensitive medical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Structural differences in 'emotional' brain regions are reported in hypermobile individuals, and many people with joint hypermobility manifest autonomic abnormalities, typically Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. Enhanced heart rate reactivity during postural change and as recently recognised factors causing vasodilatation (as noted post prandially, post exertion and with heat) is characteristic of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, and there is a phenomenological overlap with anxiety disorders, which may be partially accounted for by exaggerated neural reactivity within ventromedial prefrontal cortex. People who experience Vasovagal Syncope, a heritable tendency to fainting induced by emotional challenges (and needle/blood phobia), are also more vulnerable to anxiety disorders. Neuroimaging implicates brainstem differences in vulnerability to faints, yet the structural integrity of the caudate nucleus appears important for the control of fainting frequency in relation to parasympathetic tone and anxiety. Together there is clinical and neuroanatomical evidence to show that common constitutional differences affecting autonomic responsivity are linked to psychiatric symptoms, notably anxiety.

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Structural brain abnormalities in postural tachycardia syndrome

Umeda Satoshi, Harrison Neil Andrew, Gray Marcus A., Mathias Christopher J., Critchley Hugo D.

Frontiers in Neuroscience （Frontiers Media S.A.） 9 （ JAN ） 2015年

ISSN 1662-4548

Postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS), a form of dysautonomia, is characterized by orthostatic intolerance, and is frequently accompanied by a range of symptoms including palpitations, lightheadedness, clouding of thought, blurred vision, fatigue, anxiety and depression. Although the estimated prevalence of PoTS is approximately 5-10 times as common as the better-known condition orthostatic hypotension, the neural substrates of the syndrome are poorly characterized. In the present study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) applying the diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra (DARTEL) procedure to examine variation in regional brain structure associated with PoTS. We recruited eleven patients with established PoTS and twenty-three age-matched normal controls. Group comparison of grey matter volume revealed diminished grey matter volume within the left anterior insula, right middle frontal gyrus and right cingulate gyrus in the PoTS group. We also observed lower white matter volume beneath the precentral gyrus and paracentral lobule, right pre- and post-central gyrus, paracentral lobule and superior frontal gyrus in PoTS patients. Subsequent ROI analyses revealed significant negative correlations between left insula volume and trait anxiety and depression scores. Together, these findings of structural differences, particularly within insular and cingulate components of the salience network, suggest a link between dysregulated physiological reactions arising from compromised central autonomic control (and interoceptive representation) and increased vulnerability to psychiatric symptoms in PoTS patients.

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Neurovisceral phenotypes in the expression of psychiatric symptoms

Eccles Jessica A., Owens Andrew P., Mathias Christopher J., Umeda Satoshi, Critchley Hugo D.

Frontiers in Neuroscience 9 （ FEB ） 2015年

ISSN 1662-4548

This review explores the proposal that vulnerability to psychological symptoms, particularly anxiety, originates in constitutional differences in the control of bodily state, exemplified by a set of conditions that include Joint Hypermobility, Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Vasovagal Syncope. Research is revealing how brain-body mechanisms underlie individual differences in psychophysiological reactivity that can be important for predicting, stratifying and treating individuals with anxiety disorders and related conditions. One common constitutional difference is Joint Hypermobility, in which there is an increased range of joint movement as a result of a variant of collagen. Joint hypermobility is over-represented in people with anxiety, mood and neurodevelopmental disorders. It is also linked to stress-sensitive medical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Structural differences in "emotional" brain regions are reported in hypermobile individuals, and many people with joint hypermobility manifest autonomic abnormalities, typically Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. Enhanced heart rate reactivity during postural change and as recently recognized factors causing vasodilatation (as noted post-prandially, post-exertion and with heat) is characteristic of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, and there is a phenomenological overlap with anxiety disorders, which may be partially accounted for by exaggerated neural reactivity within ventromedial prefrontal cortex. People who experience Vasovagal Syncope, a heritable tendency to fainting induced by emotional challenges (and needle/blood phobia), are also more vulnerable to anxiety disorders. Neuroimaging implicates brainstem differences in vulnerability to faints, yet the structural integrity of the caudate nucleus appears important for the control of fainting frequency in relation to parasympathetic tone and anxiety. Together there is clinical and neuroanatomical evidence to show that common constitutional differences affecting autonomic responsivity are linked to psychiatric symptoms, notably anxiety.

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Structural brain abnormalities in postural tachycardia syndrome

Umeda Satoshi, Harrison Neil A., Gray Marcus A., Mathias Christopher J., Critchley Hugo D.

Frontiers in Neuroscience 9 （ MAR ） 2015年

ISSN 1662-4548

Postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS), a form of dysautonomia, is characterized by orthostatic intolerance, and is frequently accompanied by a range of symptoms including palpitations, lightheadedness, clouding of thought, blurred vision, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Although the estimated prevalence of PoTS is approximately 5-10 times as common as the better-known condition orthostatic hypotension, the neural substrates of the syndrome are poorly characterized. In the present study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) applying the diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra (DARTEL) procedure to examine variation in regional brain structure associated with PoTS. We recruited 11 patients with established PoTS and 23 age-matched normal controls. Group comparison of gray matter volume revealed diminished gray matter volume within the left anterior insula, right middle frontal gyrus and right cingulate gyrus in the PoTS group. We also observed lower white matter volume beneath the precentral gyrus and paracentral lobule, right pre- and post-central gyrus, paracentral lobule and superior frontal gyrus in PoTS patients. Subsequent ROI analyses revealed significant negative correlations between left insula volume and trait anxiety and depression scores. Together, these findings of structural differences, particularly within insular and cingulate components of the salience network, suggest a link between dysregulated physiological reactions arising from compromised central autonomic control (and interoceptive representation) and increased vulnerability to psychiatric symptoms in PoTS patients.

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Integration of cognitive and affective networks in humor comprehension

Shibata Midori, Terasawa Yuri, Umeda Satoshi

Neuropsychologia 65 137 - 145 2014年12月

ISSN 0028-3932

Humor comprehension is a complex process that requires the detection and resolution of the incongruity, eliciting a positive feeling of mirth or reward. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to identify the key factors involved in this complex process. To reduce the influence of other factors, we utilized a group of sentences that were nearly identical across conditions (i.e., the first two sentences and the punch line were identical, but the third sentence was different). We found that the punch line (target sentence) in the funny condition induced a perception of funniness and elicited greater activation in language and semantic neural networks, which have been implicated in comprehension processing (i.e., incongruity detection and resolution). We also found increased activation in the mesolimbic reward regions, which have been implicated in the experience of positive rewards in the funny condition. Psycho-physiological interaction analyses revealed that language and semantic regions, such as inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), middle temporal gyrus (MTG), superior temporal gyrus (STG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) are simultaneously activated during humor comprehension processing. These analyses also revealed that the right MTG, the left IPL, and IFG showed enhanced connectivity with the midbrain. Our findings suggest that these networks play a central role in incongruity detection and resolution, as well as in positive emotional response.

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Interoceptive sensitivity predicts sensitivity to the emotions of others

Terasawa Yuri, Moriguchi Yoshiya, Tochizawa Saiko, Umeda Satoshi

Cognition and Emotion 28 （ 8 ） 1435 - 1448 2014年11月

ISSN 0269-9931

Some theories of emotion emphasise a close relationship between interoception and subjective experiences of emotion. In this study, we used facial expressions to examine whether interoceptive sensibility modulated emotional experience in a social context. Interoceptive sensibility was measured using the heartbeat detection task. To estimate individual emotional sensitivity, we made morphed photos that ranged between a neutral and an emotional facial expression (i.e., anger, sadness, disgust and happy). Recognition rates of particular emotions from these photos were calculated and considered as emotional sensitivity thresholds. Our results indicate that participants with accurate interoceptive awareness are sensitive to the emotions of others, especially for expressions of sadness and happy. We also found that false responses to sad faces were closely related with an individual's degree of social anxiety. These results suggest that interoceptive awareness modulates the intensity of the subjective experience of emotion and affects individual traits related to emotion processing.

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Interoceptive sensitivity predicts performance of event-based prospective memory: Evidence from cardiovascular reactivity

Saiko Tochizawa, Yuri Terasawa, Midori Shibata, Satoshi Umeda

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 94 （ 2 ） 237 - 238 2014年11月

ISSN 0167-8760

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Evaluation of taste preference and the following memory retrieval: An ERP study

Koki Tsuji, Midori Shibata, Arisa Sato, Satoshi Umeda

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 94 （ 2 ） 215 - 215 2014年11月

ISSN 0167-8760

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視線による反射的視覚定位と表情: ERPを用いた考察

辻幸樹, 大隅尚広, 梅田聡

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 78 2PM-1-083 - 2PM-1-083 2014年09月

Learning Process in Association with Interpersonal Conflict in Healthy Individuals, Using Fear Conditioning Paradigm

Mitsuhiro Tada, Hiroyuki Uchida, Takaki Maeda, Mika Konishi, Satoshi Umeda, Yuri Terasawa, Shinichiro Nakajima, Masaru Mimura, Takuya Takahashi

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 75 （ 9 ） 124S - 124S 2014年05月

ISSN 0006-3223

内受容感覚と感情をつなぐ心理・神経メカニズム (特集感情と身体)

寺澤悠理, 梅田聡

心理学評論（心理学評論刊行会） 57 （ 1 ） 49 - 66 2014年

ISSN 0386-1058

CiNii Research

視線手がかり効果に及ぼす表情とアレキシサイミア傾向の影響

辻幸樹, 大隅尚広, 梅田聡

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（公益社団法人日本心理学会） 77 1PM-059 - 1PM-059 2013年09月

PSYCHOPATHY AND EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS ELICITED BY CHANGE OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

Takahiro Osumi, Koki Tsuji, Satoshi Umeda

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 50 S100 - S101 2013年09月

ISSN 0048-5772

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EMOTIONAL AWARENESS AND NEURAL CORRELATES OF INTEROCEPTION

Yuri Terasawa, Yoshiya Moriguchi, Yusuke Kanayama, Kentaro Oba, Yuki Motomura, Satoshi Umeda, Mishima Kazuo

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 50 S34 - S35 2013年09月

査読有り, ISSN 0048-5772

Neural substrates for judgment of self-agency in ambiguous situations

Fukushima Hirokata, Goto Yurie, Maeda Takaki, Kato Motoichiro, Umeda Satoshi

PLoS ONE （Public Library of Science） 8 （ 8 ） 2013年08月

ISSN 1932-6203

The sense of agency is the attribution of oneself as the cause of one's own actions and their effects. Accurate agency judgments are essential for adaptive behaviors in dynamic environments, especially in conditions of uncertainty. However, it is unclear how agency judgments are made in ambiguous situations where self-agency and non-self-agency are both possible. Agency attribution is thus thought to require higher-order neurocognitive processes that integrate several possibilities. Furthermore, neural activity specific to self-attribution, as compared with non-self-attribution, may reflect higher-order critical operations that contribute to constructions of self-consciousness. Based on these assumptions, the present study focused on agency judgments under ambiguous conditions and examined the neural correlates of this operation with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants performed a simple but demanding agency-judgment task, which required them to report on whether they attributed their own action as the cause of a visual stimulus change. The temporal discrepancy between the participant's action and the visual events was adaptively set to be maximally ambiguous for each individual on a trial-by-trial basis. Comparison with results for a control condition revealed that the judgment of agency was associated with activity in lateral temporo-parietal areas, medial frontal areas, the dorsolateral prefrontal area, and frontal operculum/insula regions. However, most of these areas did not differentiate between self- and non-self-attribution. Instead, self-attribution was associated with activity in posterior midline areas, including the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest that deliberate self-attribution of an external event is principally associated with activity in posterior midline structures, which is imperative for self-consciousness.

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Reasoning bias for the recall of one's own beliefs in a Smarties task for adults

Maehara Yukio, Umeda Satoshi

Japanese Psychological Research 55 （ 3 ） 292 - 301 2013年07月

ISSN 0021-5368

While many studies in the theory of mind (ToM) literature have investigated how we understand others' mental states, few have explored the mechanism by which we reflect on our own mental states. This study examined how adults reflect on their own and others' mental states within the same ToM task. To do so, we modified the Smarties task, one of the traditional ToM tasks for children. The results showed that adult participants were biased by outcome knowledge when recalling their false belief and that the participants who overestimated their false belief also overestimated the mental states of a naive other. These results were analogous to young children's failure in the Smarties task. Considering the current findings, we discuss possible cognitive processes that are common across children and adults when reflecting on their own mental states and the mental states of others. © Japanese Psychological Association 2013.

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予期的時間評価における前頭葉の関与

黒崎芳子, 寺澤悠理, 梅田聡

高次脳機能研究 33 （ 1 ） 28 - 36 2013年03月

ISSN 1348-4818

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How does interoceptive awareness interact with the subjective experience of emotion? An fMRI Study

Terasawa Yuri, Fukushima Hirokata, Umeda Satoshi

Human Brain Mapping 34 （ 3 ） 598 - 612 2013年03月

ISSN 1065-9471

Recent studies in cognitive neuroscience have suggested that the integration of information about the internal bodily state and the external environment is crucial for the experience of emotion. Extensive overlap between the neural mechanisms underlying the subjective emotion and those involved in interoception (perception of that which is arising from inside the body) has been identified. However, the mechanisms of interaction between the neural substrates of interoception and emotional experience remain unclear. We examined the common and distinct features of the neural activity underlying evaluation of emotional and bodily state using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The right anterior insular cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) were identified as commonly activated areas. As both of these areas are considered critical for interoceptive awareness, these results suggest that attending to the bodily state underlies awareness of one's emotional state. Uniquely activated areas involved in the evaluation of emotional state included the temporal pole, posterior and anterior cingulate cortex, medial frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Also the precuneus was functionally associated with activity of the right anterior insular cortex and VMPFC when evaluating emotional state. Our findings indicate that activation in these areas and the precuneus are functionally associated for accessing interoceptive information and underpinning subjective experience of the emotional state. Thus, awareness of one's own emotional state appears to involve the integration of interoceptive information with an interpretation of the current situation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Anterior insular cortex mediates bodily sensibility and social anxiety

Terasawa Yuri, Shibata Midori, Moriguchi Yoshiya, Umeda Satoshi

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 8 （ 3 ） 259 - 266 2013年03月

ISSN 1749-5016

Studies in psychiatry and cognitive neuroscience have reported an important relationship between individual interoceptive accuracy and anxiety level. This indicates that greater attention to one's bodily state may contribute to the development of intense negative emotions and anxiety disorders. We hypothesized that reactivity in the anterior insular cortex underlies the intensity of interoceptive awareness and anxiety. To elucidate this triadic mechanism, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and mediation analyses to examine the relationship between emotional disposition and activation in the anterior insular cortex while participants evaluated their own emotional and bodily states. Our results indicated that right anterior insular activation was positively correlated with individual levels of social anxiety and neuroticism and negatively correlated with agreeableness and extraversion. The results of the mediation analyses revealed that activity in the right anterior insula mediated the activity of neural correlates of interoceptive sensibility and social fear. Our findings suggest that attention to interoceptive sensation affects personality traits through how we feel emotion subjectively in various situations. © The Author (2012). Published by Oxford University Press.

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PE-049 利他的動機づけはADHD傾向が高い人の作動記憶を改善する(特別支援,ポスター発表)

前原由喜夫, 梅田聡

日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集（日本教育心理学会） 55 412 - 412 2013年

ACCURATE INTEROCEPTIVE AWARENESS ENHANCES EMOTIONAL SENSIBILITY

Yuri Terasawa, Yoshiya Moriguchi, Saiko Tochizawa, Riko Sato, Satoshi Umeda

JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 188 - 188 2013年

ISSN 0898-929X

NEURAL CORRELATES OF HUMOR COMPREHENSION AND APPRECIATION: A FUNCTIONAL MRI STUDY

Midori Shibata, Yuri Terasawa, Satoshi Umeda

JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 214 - 214 2013年

ISSN 0898-929X

It's Not My Fault

Takahata Keisuke, Takahashi Hidehiko, Maeda Takaki, Umeda Satoshi, Suhara Tetsuya, Mimura Masaru, Kato Motoichiro

PLoS ONE 7 （ 12 ） 2012年12月

ISSN 1932-6203

Sense of agency refers to the feeling that one's voluntary actions caused external events. Past studies have shown that compression of the subjective temporal interval between actions and external events, called intentional binding, is closely linked to the experience of agency. Current theories postulate that the experience of agency is constructed via predictive and postdictive pathways. One remaining problem is the source of human causality bias; people often make misjudgments on the causality of voluntary actions and external events depending on their rewarding or punishing outcomes. Although human causality bias implies that sense of agency can be modified by post-action information, convincing empirical findings for this issue are lacking. Here, we hypothesized that sense of agency would be modified by affective valences of action outcomes. To examine this issue, we investigated how rewarding and punishing outcomes following voluntary action modulate behavioral measures of agency using intentional binding paradigm and classical conditioning procedures. In the acquisition phase, auditory stimuli were paired with positive, neutral or negative monetary outcomes. Tone-reward associations were evaluated using reaction times and preference ratings. In the experimental session, participants performed a variant of intentional binding task, where participants made timing judgments for onsets of actions and sensory outcomes while playing simple slot games. Our results showed that temporal binding was modified by affective valences of action outcomes. Specifically, intentional binding was attenuated when negative outcome occurred, consistent with self-serving bias. Our study not only provides evidence for postdictive modification of agency, but also proposes a possible mechanism of human causality bias. © 2012 Takahata et al.

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It's Not My Fault: Postdictive Modulation of Intentional Binding by Monetary Gains and Losses.

前田貴記

PLoS One 7 （ 12 ） e53421 2012年12月

Neural correlates of humor processing: fMRI study

M. Shibata, Y. Terasawa, S. Umeda

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 85 （ 3 ） 405 - 406 2012年09月

ISSN 0167-8760

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Enhanced repetition blindness with angry emotional faces

Yamaoka Kao, Umeda Satoshi

Psychologia 55 （ 3 ） 161 - 170 2012年

ISSN 0033-2852

Repetition blindness is defined as difficulty detecting repeated targets within an array of stimuli. However, it is unclear how emotion affects this phenomenon. In the present study, participants were exposed to happy and angry faces, and nonemotional stimuli shown in rapid serial visual presentation. They were required to identify the repeated targets, and the magnitude of repetition blindness was measured to indicate emotional effects. Analysis showed that, while there was no difference in accuracy between happy and angry faces on non-repeated trials, accuracy was significantly lower for angry faces on repeated trials inducing greater repetition blindness. This effect was stronger when the stimulus exposure rate was 150 msec, suggesting its early processes and strong capturing of attention. These results show that repetition blindness effect was stronger with angry faces, which is likely due to enhanced emotional alertness and increase in intensity of the processes inducing greater repetition blindness.

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PD-081 大学生のADHD傾向と報酬予期下における作動記憶の個人差(特別支援,ポスター発表)

前原由喜夫, 梅田聡

日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集（日本教育心理学会） 54 441 - 441 2012年

Neural processing associated with comprehension of an indirect reply during a scenario reading task

Shibata Midori, Abe Jun ichi, Itoh Hiroaki, Shimada Koji, Umeda Satoshi

Neuropsychologia 49 （ 13 ） 3542 - 3550 2011年11月

ISSN 0028-3932

In daily communication, we often use indirect speech to convey our intention. However, little is known about the brain mechanisms that underlie the comprehension of indirect speech. In this study, we conducted a functional MRI experiment using a scenario reading task to compare the neural activity induced by an indirect reply (a type of indirect speech) and a literal sentence. Participants read a short scenario consisting of three sentences. The first two sentences explained the situation of the protagonists, whereas the third sentence had an indirect, literal, or unconnected meaning. The indirect reply condition primarily activated the bilateral fronto-temporal networks (Brodmann's Areas (BA) 47 and 21) and the dorso-medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). In the literal sentence condition, only the left fronto-temporal network (BA 45 and 21) and the dmPFC (posterior region) were activated. In addition, we found greater activation resulting from comprehension of an indirect reply than from literal sentence comprehension in the dmPFC, the left middle frontal area (BA 9), the bilateral inferior frontal area (BA 9/47), and the right middle temporal area (BA 21). Our findings indicate that the right and left fronto-temporal networks play a crucial role in detecting contextual violations, whereas the medial frontal cortex is important for generating inferences to make sense of remarks within a context. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

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Deficits in prospective memory following damage to the prefrontal cortex

Umeda Satoshi, Kurosaki Yoshiko, Terasawa Yuri, Kato Motoichiro, Miyahara Yasuyuki

Neuropsychologia 49 （ 8 ） 2178 - 2184 2011年07月

ISSN 0028-3932

Neuropsychological investigations of prospective memory (PM), representing memory of future intentions or plans, have evolved over the past two decades. The broadly accepted divisions involved in PM consist of a prospective memory component (PMC), a process for remembering to remember, and a retrospective memory component, a process for remembering the content of the intended action. Previous functional neuroimaing studies have provided some evidence that the rostral prefrontal cortex (BA10) is one of areas that is critical for prospective remembering. However, the question of whether damage to part of the prefrontal cortex affects attenuated performance for PMC remains unresolved. In this study, 74 participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI) including focal damage to frontal or temporal lobe areas were administered thirteen standard neuropsychological tests and the PM task. To identify influential areas contributing to PM performance, discriminant function analysis was conducted. The results indicated that the following three areas are highly contributory to PM performance: the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex; and the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Comparing differences in neuropsychological test scores showed that orientation scores were significantly higher in the greater PM performance group, suggesting that PMC represents an integrated memory function associated with awareness of current status. These data contribute to our understanding of the neural substrates and functional characteristics of the PMC. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

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Association between interoception and empathy

Fukushima Hirokata, Terasawa Yuri, Umeda Satoshi

International Journal of Psychophysiology （Elsevier） 79 （ 2 ） 259 - 265 2011年02月

ISSN 0167-8760

Physiological bodily states play an important role in affective experiences. This study investigated whether the neural processing of internal body state (interoception) is associated with empathy, the understanding of the affective states of others. We used the 'heartbeat-evoked potential' (HEP), a surface electroencephalography (EEG) pattern, as a neural index of interoceptive processing. The HEP is contingent on the most prominent peak (R-wave) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and is thought to reflect cortical processing of cardiac afferent input. Twenty-one healthy adults performed empathy and control tasks while EEG and ECG were recorded, where they made judgments based on either the affective or physical aspects of images of human eyes. HEP, ECG and heart rate in each task block were calculated and compared. Results showed that cardiac activity was not significantly different between tasks. In contrast, HEP showed a significant task difference, exhibited as an increased negativity during the empathy task over frontocentral sites at a latency of approximately 250-430. ms. Furthermore, a self-reported measure of empathy was associated with mean HEP amplitude during the period of task-related differentiation. These results suggest that afferent feedback from visceral activity may contribute to inferences about the affective state of others. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Neural substrates of implicit cueing effect on prospective memory

Hashimoto Teruo, Umeda Satoshi, Kojima Shozo

NeuroImage 54 （ 1 ） 645 - 652 2011年01月

ISSN 1053-8119

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine the maintenance of intentions during an ongoing task involving implicit cues. Participants were required to detect target words while engaging in the ongoing task. Cues matched to the target category and cues matched to the action for targets were presented implicitly during the ongoing task. Implicit categorical target cues were found to enhance prospective memory performance, and implicit action cues accelerated responses more than irrelevant implicit cues in the prospective memory task. We found increased caudal anterior cingulate cortex (cACC) activity during the ongoing task with both implicit target and action cues, suggesting that alertness or preparatory attentional processes were strengthened by implicit cues. Implicit target cues elicited enhanced activity in the lateral anterior prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 10), which may be involved in dual processing of the ongoing task and the maintained intention. These results suggest that implicit cues may boost primitive attention toward an intended action and may be accessible to off-line maintenance. The facilitation of prospective target detection and the action execution by target cues were associated with increased supplementary motor area (SMA) activity. In contrast, we found enhanced premotor cortex (PMC) activation with action cue during the prospective memory task, suggesting that the PMC may be involved in stimulus-induced and rather automatic action. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of implicit cues for examining the maintenance of intention. Overall, we found that implicit target cues can facilitate prospective memory performance, and implicit action cues can accelerate responses. The above-mentioned neural underpinnings suggest that attentional and motor control processes are involved in the enhancement of prospective memory. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.

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Brain activity underlying emotional valence in negative and positive utterances: An fMRI study

Midori Shibata, Yuri Terasawa, Satoshi Umeda

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 71 E287 - E287 2011年

ISSN 0168-0102

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サイコパシー研究の現状と今後の展望について(準備委員会企画シンポジウム(1))

西村由貴, 大隅尚広, 梅田聡, 福井裕輝, 島陽一

日本パーソナリティ心理学会大会発表論文集（日本パーソナリティ心理学会）（ 19 ） 1 - 2 2010年10月

Autonomic reactivity of hypothesis-testing in decision-making

Terasawa Yuri, Umeda Satoshi

Psychologia 53 （ 3 ） 195 - 206 2010年09月

ISSN 0033-2852

Given the results of studies using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), emotion-based sensitivity to an anticipated outcome of one's own behavior has been suggested to be a significant factor in making advantageous decisions. Hypotheses-testing in performing IGT is essential for learning correct rules and elicits autonomic reactivity. In this study, participants were asked to concentrate on hypothesis-testing to learn undisclosed rules in the task which framework was similar to the IGT, rather than maximizing monetary reward. The amplitudes of skin conductance responses (SCRs) prior to card selection and following feedback were attenuated as participants came to accurately comprehend the task rules. The attenuation of SCRs resulted from reduced motivation to continue the hypotheses-testing. Our findings provide some evidence that observed autonomic responses partially reflect emotional reactions associated with the hypothesis-testing.

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Affective-Cognitive Interactionの諸相心理学と神経科学の融合へ向けて

伊里綾子, 寺澤悠理, 重宗弥生, 梅田聡, 杉浦元亮

日本心理学会大会発表論文集（(公社)日本心理学会） 74回 WS48 - WS48 2010年08月

情動を生み出す身体と脳のメカニズム

梅田聡

神経心理学 : Japanese journal of neuropsychology 26 （ 1 ） 47 - 53 2010年03月

ISSN 0911-1085

CiNii Research

Acquired personality traits of autism following damage to the medial prefrontal cortex

Umeda Satoshi, Mimura Masaru, Kato Motoichiro

Social Neuroscience 5 （ 1 ） 19 - 29 2010年02月

ISSN 1747-0919

Recent neuroimaging studies on "theory of mind" have demonstrated that the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved when subjects are engaged in various kinds of mentalising tasks. Although a large number of neuroimaging studies have been published, a relatively small amount of neuropsychological evidence supports involvement of the medial PFC in theory of mind reasoning. We recruited two neurological cases with damage to the medial PFC and initially performed the standard neuropsychological assessments for intelligence, memory, and executive functions. To examine theory of mind performance in these two cases, four kinds of standard and advanced tests for theory of mind were used, including first- and second-order false belief tests, the strange stories test, and the faux pas recognition test. Both patients were also requested to complete the questionnaire for the autism-spectrum quotient. Neither case showed impairment on standard theory of mind tests and only mild impairments were seen on advanced theory of mind tests. This pattern of results is basically consistent with previous studies. The most interesting finding was that both cases showed personality changes after surgical operations, leading to characteristics of autism showing a lack of social interaction in everyday life. We discuss herein the possible roles of the medial PFC and emphasize the importance of using multiple approaches to understand the mechanisms of theory of mind and medial prefrontal functions. © 2009 Psychology Press.

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Simulator platform that enables social interaction simulation - SIGVerse

Inamura Tetsunari, Shibata Tomohiro, Sena Hideaki, Hashimoto Takashi, Kawai Nobuyuki, Miyashita Takahiro, Sakurai Yoshiki, Shimizu Masahiro, Otake Mihoko, Hosoda Koh, Umeda Satoshi, Inui Kentaro, Yoshikawa Yuichiro

2010 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration: SI International 2010 - The 3rd Symposium on System Integration, SII 2010, Proceedings 212 - 217 2010年

Understanding mechanisms of intelligence of human beings and animals is one of the most important approaches to develop intelligent robot systems. Since the mechanisms of such real-life intelligent systems are so complex, physical interactions between agents and their environment and the social interactions between agents should be considered. Comprehension and knowledge in many peripheral fields such as cognitive science, developmental psychology, brain science, evolutionary biology, and robotics is also required. Discussions from an interdisciplinary aspect are very important for implementing this approach, but such collaborative research is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is difficult to obtain fruitful results from such research because the basis of experiments is very different in each research field. In the social science field, for example, several multi-agent simulation systems have been proposed for modeling factors such as social interactions and language evolution, whereas robotics researchers often use dynamics and sensor simulators. However, there is no integrated system that uses both physical simulations and social communication simulations. Therefore, we developed a simulator environment called SIGVerse that combines dynamics, perception, and communication simulations for synthetic approaches to research into the genesis of social intelligence. In this paper, we introduce SIGVerse, its example application and perspectives. ©2010 IEEE.

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右島皮質損傷によってネガティブ表情の識別に混乱を示した一例

寺澤悠理, 梅田聡, 斎藤文恵, 加藤元一郎

高次脳機能研究 30 （ 2 ） 349-358 - 358 2010年

査読有り, ISSN 0285-9513

脳外傷者の展望記憶に関する検討－存在想起と内容想起における側頭葉と前頭葉の関与の違いについて－

黒崎芳子, 梅田聡, 寺澤悠理, 加藤元一郎, 辰巳寛

高次脳機能障害研究 30 （ 2 ） 317-323 2010年

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島皮質と記憶障害

寺澤悠理, 梅田聡, 加藤元一郎

Clinial Neuroscience 28 441-443 2010年

SIGVerse:社会的インタラクションを実装可能な知能ロボットシミュレータ

稲邑哲也, 柴田智広, 瀬名秀明, 橋本敬, 川合伸幸, 宮下敬宏, 櫻井圭記, 清水正宏, 大武美保子, 細田耕, 梅田聡, 乾健太郎

日本ロボット学会学術講演会予稿集(CD-ROM) 27th ROMBUNNO.3S2-05 2009年09月

THE COMMON AND SPECIFIC NEURAL BASES FOR EMOTIONAL AND BODILY AWARENESS

Terasawa Yuri, Fukushima Hirokata, Umeda Satoshi

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 46 S150 - S150 2009年09月

ISSN 0048-5772

虚記憶の認知神経メカニズム

寺澤悠理, 梅田聡

臨床精神医学 38 （ 11 ） 1589 - 1594 2009年01月

SIGVerse:身体的認知・運動を伴う社会エージェントのためのシミュレータープラットフォーム

稲邑哲也, 柴田智広, 瀬名秀明, 橋本敬, 川合伸幸, 宮下敬宏, 櫻井圭記, 清水正宏, 大武美保子, 細田耕, 梅田聡, 乾健太郎

人工知能学会全国大会論文集(CD-ROM) （一般社団法人人工知能学会） 23rd （ 0 ） ROMBUNNO.2I2-1 - 2I21 2009年

ISSN 1347-9881

従来までに，社会エージェントシステムを用いて経済や言語進化などのシミュレーションが実現されてきている．一方で，ロボティクスでは物理法則に基づく運動や，視聴覚等のセンシングのシミュレーションに基づいて知能行動の研究が行われている．本稿ではこの双方のシミュレーションを同時に実行可能なシステムを構築し，人間とロボットエージェント間の身体性認知・運動を考慮した社会的知能の研究プラットフォームを提案する

CiNii Research

Subliminal cuing effects on prospective memory

Teruo Hashimoto, Satoshi Umeda, Shozo Kojima

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 65 S115 - S115 2009年

ISSN 0168-0102

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認知科学と脳研究 : これまでと今後の可能性

梅田聡

認知科学 = Cognitive studies : bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society 15 （ 2 ） 231 - 232 2008年06月

ISSN 1341-7924

CiNii Research

Preserved priming but insensitivity to perceptual fluency on recognition judgments in Alzheimer's disease

Yano Madoka, Umeda Satoshi, Mimura Masaru

Psychogeriatrics 8 （ 4 ） 178 - 187 2008年

ISSN 1346-3500

Background: Previous research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not yielded a consensus regarding the preservation of automatic memory processes, although there is a consensus that conscious recollection processes are impaired in AD. Methods: In the present study, we examined perceptual specificity effects (PSEs) in word recognition judgments (explicit memory task; Experiment 1) and word fragment completion (implicit memory task; Experiment 2) performed by individuals with mild AD and elderly adults without dementia (controls). Results: In recognition judgments, control subjects, but not individuals with AD, demonstrated PSEs (Experiment 1). In contrast, neither group showed PSEs on word fragment completion and their priming magnitudes were comparable (Experiment 2). Conclusions: The findings suggest that perceptually automatic processes in explicit memory judgments and implicit memory processes are different and that the former are specifically impaired in AD. © 2008 The Author Journal compilation © 2008 The Japanese Psychogeriatric Society.

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Medial prefrontal functions in advanced emotion learning: A functional MRI study

Satoshi Umeda, Motoichiro Kato, Seiji Ogawa

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 61 S277 - S277 2008年

ISSN 0168-0102

Unilateral amygdala lesions hamper attentional orienting triggered by gaze direction

Akiyama Tomoko, Kato Motoichiro, Muramatsu Taro, Umeda Satoshi, Saito Fumie, Kashima Haruo

Cerebral Cortex 17 （ 11 ） 2593 - 2600 2007年11月

ISSN 1047-3211

The newly discovered deficit in a bilateral amygdala-damaged case, of not being able to allocate attention to the critical feature of a face (Adolphs R, Gosselin F, Buchanan TW, Tranel D, Schyns P, Damasio AR. 2005. A mechanism for impaired fear recognition after amygdala damage. Nature. 433:68 - 72.), has opened a new window into the function of the amygdala. This case implies that the amygdala might be essential in detecting potentially relevant social stimuli, and directing attention accordingly. In this study, we have sought to test this implication by investigating the behavioral performance of 5 unilateral amygdala-damaged subjects on spatial cueing tasks. The tasks employed central gaze and arrow direction as cues to trigger attentional orienting in peripheral target detection. Although age-matched normal controls demonstrated a significant congruency effect such that targets presented congruently to cue direction elicited faster detection, amygdala subjects demonstrated no such congruency effect for gaze cues in the face of a significant congruency effect for arrow cues. The results suggest that the social valence of a stimulus is critical for amygdala involvement in visual processing. The results also support the implicated role of the amygdala in detecting and analyzing relevant social stimuli, and orienting attention accordingly. © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

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Altered brain activation by a false recognition task in young abstinent patients with alcohol dependence

Akine Yoshihide, Kato Motoichiro, Muramatsu Taro, Umeda Satoshi, Mimura Masaru, Asai Yoshiyuki, Tanada Shuji, Obata Takayuki, Ikehira Hiroo, Kashima Haruo, Suhara Tetsuya

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 31 （ 9 ） 1589 - 1597 2007年09月

ISSN 0145-6008

Background: Heavy alcohol intake induces both structural and functional changes in the central nervous system. Recent research developments converged on the idea that even in patients with alcohol dependence without apparent structural brain changes, some cognitive impairment exists, and associated functional change could be visualized by neuroimaging techniques. However, these data were from old (more than 50 years) patients using working memory and response inhibition tasks. Whether young abstinent patients show aberrant signs of brain activation is a matter of interest, specifically by the long-term memory retrieval task. Methods: Subjects were 9 young patients with alcohol dependence with long-term abstinent (8 males and 1 female) and age- and education-matched 9 healthy controls (7 males and 2 females). We used a modified false recognition task in a functional MRI study. Results: The young patients with alcohol dependence showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left pulvinar in the thalamus, and in the right ventral striatum, although behavioral performances and regional patterns of brain activation were similar between patients and controls. Conclusions: Long-term memory retrieval induced altered activations in prefrontal lobes, ACC, thalamus, and ventral striatum in young patients with alcohol dependence. These findings were correspondent to deficits of goal directed behavior, monitoring the erroneous responses, memory function, and drug-seeking behavior. Furthermore, these reduced activations can be considered as latent "lesions," suggesting subclinical pathology in alcoholic brains. © 2007 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.

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Neural Substrates of Advanced Emotion Learning.

加藤元一郎

小川脳機能研究所年報 Annual Report 2007 6-9 2007年

顔検出過程(face detection)の神経基盤に関するfunctional MRI研究

加藤元一郎, 橋本照男, 林海香, 梅田聡, 成烈完, 小川誠二

小川脳機能研究所年報 Annual Report 2007 10-11 2007年

Gaze but not arrows

Akiyama Tomoko, Kato Motoichiro, Muramatsu Taro, Saito Fumie, Umeda Satoshi, Kashima Haruo

Neuropsychologia 44 （ 10 ） 1804 - 1810 2006年

ISSN 0028-3932

Superior temporal sulcus (STS) activation has consistently been demonstrated in the normal brain when viewing eyes, and thus this area is implicated as a gaze processing region in humans. In a recent report, we have presented a case, M.J., with a well-circumscribed lesion to the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), who demonstrated impaired discrimination of gaze direction. In the aim to make distinct whether this impairment is unique to gaze, we have applied a spatial cueing paradigm established by Kingstone and colleagues. In our experiment, pictorial gaze and symmetrical arrows were centrally presented as non-predictive, spatial cues in detecting peripheral targets. Fifteen normal subjects and M.J. participated in the experiment. In concordance with previous reports, controls demonstrated a significant facilitation of reaction times in detecting targets cued by congruent gaze/arrows, compared with incongruent cues. In striking contrast, M.J. showed no such congruency advantage for gaze, in the face of a normal congruency advantage for arrows. We have demonstrated that a circumscribed lesion to the right STG impairs the ability to utilize biological directional information such as gaze, but leaves the non-biological counterpart (arrows) intact. This dissociation implies that indeed, the STS specializes in processing gaze. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Dissociative contributions of medial temporal and frontal regions to prospective remembering

Umeda Satoshi, Nagumo Yumi, Kato Motoichiro

Reviews in the Neurosciences 17 （ 1-2 ） 267 - 278 2006年

ISSN 0334-1763

Prospective memory is memory of future intentions or plans in everyday life. Although some previous neuropsychological studies have stated that the prefrontal cortex and the medial temporal lobe are essential for successful prospective remembering, how the two regions contribute to prospective remembering remains unclear. We therefore used prospective memory training in the present study to investigate the neural mechanism of two components of prospective remembering: remembering to remember and remembering content. Two brain-damaged patients participated in this study: patient Y.O., who had lesions in the medial temporal lobe bilaterally, and patient T.K., who had a lesion in the basal forebrain and right medial frontal lobe. Both participants exhibited a severe antero-grade amnesic syndrome and had normal IQ scores. Before the prospective memory training the participants underwent several index memory tests to examine their general memory and prospective memory performance. The training consisted of requesting the participants to perform an original mini-day task, in which they were first asked to memorize five simple daily actions with their times for execution, and then to recall the content of the actions when shown a drawing of a clock showing the proper time for execution. A training session was carried out once a week for 3 months. After completing training, the participants were again requested to take the same index memory tests. The results of the training task showed that Y.O.'s memory performance had gradually improved across all sessions of training, but T.K.'s improvement was not as marked. A more detailed analysis revealed that Y.O.'s memory performance was better for recalling time than for recalling content, whereas T.K.'s memory performance was better for recalling content than for recalling time. Furthermore, the results of the final index memory tests showed that the only improvement in Y.O.'s prospective memory was in remembering to remember, and that the only improvement in T.K.'s prospective memory was in remembering content. These results provide strong evidence that these two remembering components of prospective memory have independent neural bases, with the basal forebrain and right medial frontal lobe being required for remembering to remember, and the medial temporal lobe being required for remembering content. The results also suggest that memory training is an effective, means of improving everyday memory. © Freund & Pettman.

心の理論 (特集前頭前野機能の最前線--基礎から臨床まで)

大泉郷子, 梅田聡, 三村將

神経研究の進歩（医学書院） 49 （ 4 ） 599 - 607 2005年08月

ISSN 0001-8724

Functional network in the prefrontal cortex during episodic memory retrieval

Umeda Satoshi, Akine Yoshihide, Kato Motoichiro, Muramatsu Taro, Mimura Masaru, Kandatsu Susumu, Tanada Shuji, Obata Takayuki, Ikehira Hiroo, Suhara Tetsuya

NeuroImage 26 （ 3 ） 932 - 940 2005年07月

ISSN 1053-8119

A recent consistent finding in neuroimaging studies of human memory is that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is activated during episodic memory retrieval. To date, however, there has been no direct evidence to explain how activity in the right and left PFC and in the anterior and posterior PFC are functionally interconnected. The goal of the present study was to obtain such evidence by event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the functional connectivity method. Subjects were first asked to try to remember a series of associate-word lists outside the MRI scanner in preparation for a later recognition test. In the MRI scanning phase, they were asked to make recognition judgments in regard to old words, semantically related lure words, and unrelated new words. The analysis of functional connectivity revealed that the posterior PFC in each hemisphere had strong functional interconnections with the contralateral posterior PFC, whereas the anterior PFC in each hemisphere had only weak functional interconnections with the contralateral anterior PFC. No strong functional interconnections were found between the anterior and posterior PFC in either hemisphere. These findings support the hypothesis of an associative contribution of the bilateral posterior PFC to episodic memory retrieval and a dissociative contribution of the bilateral anterior PFC. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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前頭前野と記憶活動 —特にfalse memoryについて

加藤元一郎, 梅田聡

神経研究の進歩（医学書院） 49 （ 4 ） 619-625 - 625 2005年

ISSN 0001-8724

脳機能画像検査による認知障害の評価 (特集リハビリテーションと臨床神経生理学)

梅田聡, 三村將

総合リハビリテ-ション（医学書院） 32 （ 7 ） 635 - 638 2004年07月

ISSN 0386-9822

前頭葉内側部損傷に伴う自閉傾向の増加と「心の理論」課題の遂行

梅田聡, 加藤元一郎, 斉藤文恵, 村松太郎, 鹿島晴雄, 三村將, 藤森秀子, 秋山知子

高次脳機能研究（(一社)日本高次脳機能障害学会） 24 （ 1 ） 64 - 64 2004年03月

ISSN 1348-4818

総合失調症における対刺激パラダイムによる聴覚性MEG応答の検討

加藤隆, 吉野文浩, 加藤元一郎, 梅田聡, 村松太郎, 秋根良英, 新谷益朗

齒科學報 104 （ 1 ） 21 - 22 2004年02月

ISSN 0037-3710

CiNii Research

虚再認に関する神経心理学的障害と機能的脳画像所見

加藤元一郎, 梅田聡, 秋根良英

精神神経学雑誌 106 910-915 2004年

虚記憶と前頭前野の機能について

梅田聡，加藤元一郎

臨床精神医学 32 1515-1520 2003年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著

ミニデー課題を用いた展望記憶訓練: 側頭葉性健忘例と前脳基底部健忘例の比較について

南雲祐美，加藤元一郎，梅田聡，鹿島晴雄

認知リハビリテーション2003 （新興医学出版社） 123-130 - 130 2003年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著

CiNii Research

ミニデー課題を用いた展望記憶訓練の効果について

南雲祐美，加藤元一郎，梅田聡，吉村茂和，鹿島晴雄

認知リハビリテーション2002 90-94 2003年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著

<Researcher's Eye>記憶に支えられた自己

梅田聡

三田評論（慶應義塾大学） 1047 48 - 48 2002年06月

ISSN 1343-618X

CiNii Research

フォールスメモリ

梅田聡

臨床精神医学 31 1126-1128 2002年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 単著, 査読有り

認知神経科学的アプローチによる近年の記憶研究の動向

梅田聡

精神神経学雑誌 104 115-118 2002年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 単著, 査読有り

前頭葉損傷に伴う虚再認傾向の増加

梅田聡・小谷津孝明

基礎心理学研究（日本基礎心理学会） 19 （ 1 ） 45-46 - 46 2001年09月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

In the present study, we used the typical false recognition paradigm to test a hypothesis that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) mediates context judgment and retrieving past events. Eight VMPFC patients and ten normal control subjects were first requested to learn 18 sets of 14 semantic associates. In the test phase, the participants were asked to recognize for pairedwords including true words, related lures, and unrelated lures. The VMPFC patients showed significantly higher false alarm rate than the normal subjects for lure words. A further analysis suggests that the VMPFC patients were more likely to fail to judge contexts and to retrieve past events.

Aberrant prefrontal activation during false recognition in chronic alcoholics: A functional MRI study

Y Akine, M Kato, S Umeda, Y Kato, H Ikehira, T Suhara

NEUROIMAGE 13 （ 6 ） S1024 - S1024 2001年06月

ISSN 1053-8119

False recognition in patients with ventromedial prefrontal lesions.

Umeda, S., Akine, Y., & Kato, M.

Brain and Cognition 47 （ 1-2 ） 362-365 - 365 2001年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 0278-2626

Directed forgetting effect in patients with frontal lobe damage.

Mimura, M., Komatsu, S., Kato, M., Umeda, S., Saito, F., & Kashima, H.

Brain and Cognition 47 343-346 2001年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

し忘れはなぜ起こるのか: 認知神経心理学から見た展望的記憶研究

梅田聡

認知リハビリテーション2001 1-10 - 10 2001年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 単著, 査読有り

CiNii Research

虚再認パラダイムを用いた前頭葉研究

梅田聡

神経心理学 17 170-174 2001年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 単著, 査読有り

101. False recognition in patients with ventromedial prefrontal lesions

Umeda S., Akine Y., Kato M.

Brain and Cognition 47 （ 1-2 ） 362 - 365 2001年

ISSN 0278-2626

In the present study, we used the typical false recognition paradigm to test a hypothesis that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) mediates event-category judgement and retrieving past similar events. Eight VMPFC patients and 10 normal subjects were first requested to learn 18 sets of 14 semantic associates. In the test phase, participants were asked to recognize paired words including true words, related lures, and unrelated lures. The VMPFC patients showed significantly higher false alarm rates than the normal subjects for lure words. A further analysis suggests that the VMPFC patients succeeded in judging the event category, yet they were more likely to fail to retrieve past similar events. © 2001 Academic Press.

95. Directed forgetting effect in patients with frontal lobe damage

Mimura M, Komatsu S, Kato M, Umeda S, Saito F, Kashima H

Brain and Cognition 47 （ 1-2 ） 343 - 346 2001年

ISSN 0278-2626

To study the role of the frontal lobes in episodic remembering, directed forgetting effect of frontal patients was examined. Eight patients with frontal lobe damage, eight patients with temporoparietal lobe damage, and eight normal subjects were given a list of 24 nouns (12 remember-cued words and 12 forget-cued words). On the list method (Experiment 1), frontal patients were significantly impaired in recalling remember-cued items whereas they recalled inappropriate forget-cued items. Frontal patients showed much less directed forgetting effect than two control groups. On the item method (Experiment 2), performance of frontal patients was in between the other two groups. Patients with frontal lobe damage appeared to have impaired retrieval inhibition, and their retrieval process is interfered with by inappropriate stimuli which should be forgotten. © 2001 Academic Press.

コルサコフ症候群における展望的記憶

梅田聡，加藤元一郎，三村將，鹿島晴雄，小谷津孝明

神経心理学 16 193-199 2000年09月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Hour-based prospective memory: Mini-day experiments

S Umeda, T Koyazu

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 35 （ 3-4 ） 85 - 85 2000年06月

ISSN 0020-7594

Event-category judgement and retrieving past similar events: A functional MRI study.

S Umeda, Y Akine, T Suhara, H Ikehira, S Tanada, M Mimura, T Muramatsu, M Kato

JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 140 - 140 2000年

ISSN 0898-929X

頭部外傷患者における展望的記憶

中村明義，宮原保之，梅田聡，藤井浩治，原晃一

神経外傷 22 53-57 1999年12月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Prospective memory and its theoretical considerations

Umeda Satoshi, Koyazu Takaaki

Shinrigaku Kenkyu 69 （ 4 ） 317 - 333 1998年10月

ISSN 0021-5236

Prospective memory involves memory for future intentions in our everyday lives and it is one of the hot topics in current memory research. We reexamined what is prospective memory and discussed how intentions had been conceived of in the history of psychology. We emphasize the necessity of classifying a form of remembering intentions into the self-initiated existence-remembrance and its content-remembrance. Many studies on prospective memory in recent decades were reviewed with respect to the following perspectives: (1) how intentions are recollected, (2) what is remembering intentions based on, (3) how we attempt to avoid forgetting to do things, and (4) what is neuropsychological mechanism of remembering intentions. Requirements for experimental research on prospective memory are summarized and future directions are discussed.

展望的記憶研究の理論的考察

梅田聡，小谷津孝明

心理学研究 69 317-333 1998年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Age-related differences in prospective remembering and analyses of forgetting patterns of intended actions

S Umeda, T Koyazu

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 31 （ 3-4 ） 28435 - 28435 1996年

ISSN 0020-7594

ネットワークコミュニケーション実験環境の構築

山本吉伸, 松井孝雄, 梅田聡, 幸島明男, 開一夫, 仁木和久

日本認知科学会大会論文集 = Annual meeting of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society 12 146 - 147 1995年06月

CiNii Research

計算システムとのインタラクション --- 楽しさを促進する要因に関する考察 ---

山本吉伸，松井孝雄，開一夫，梅田聡，安西祐一郎

認知科学 1 （ 1 ） 107-120 - 120 1994年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 1341-7924

CiNii Research

コミュニケーションの面白さ－シリトリはなぜ面白いのか－

山本吉伸, 開一夫, 松井孝雄, 梅田聡, 安西祐一郎

情報処理学会研究報告ヒューマンコンピュータインタラクション（HCI） 1993 （ 15 ） 93 - 100 1993年03月

我々はしばしばおしゃべりを楽しむ。交換される情報価値が低いにも関わらず、これらのコミュニケーションは対話行為そのものが楽しさを感じさせる。このような「楽しいコミュニケーション」を考察する上で、シリトリゲームはたいへん興味深い。我々はシリトリプログラムと被験者を対戦させ、対戦相手が人間であると教示した場合と計算機であると教示した場合の比較などを行なった。本論文では、これらの実験結果から「相手が人間」と認知することと楽しさを感じることとの相関を考察する。People chat frequently in spite of the fact that the informational content of such communication is very low. To explore why people do this, we wrote a word game, and had subjects play it. We then examined the results under varying conditions, such as whether the subjects believed that they were playing against a computer or a human oppenent, and whether they believed they were participating in an experiment or playing purely for personal enjoyment. In this paper, we examine the amount of pleasure people received in these cases.

CiNii Research

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