Details of a Researcher - Iida, Norimasa

Papers - Iida, Norimasa

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Basic Research on an Applicable Fuel for the HCCI Combustion

Susumu Sato, Soonpyo Kweon, Daisuke Yamashita, Norimasa Iida

自動車技術会論文集 (（社）自動車技術会) 36 ( 6 ) 79-84 2005.11

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

For practical application on the HCCI engine, solution of subjects, such as control of auto-ignition timing and avoidance of knocking, is indispensable. This study focused on the technique of controlling HCCI combustion appropriately, changing the mixture ratio of two kinds of fuel. Methane and DME/n-Butane were selected as fuel. The influence, which the mixing ratio of two fuels does to ignition timing, ignition temperature, rate of heat release and oxidation reaction process, were investigated by experiment with 4-stroke HCCI engine and numerical calculation with elementary reactions.

大学におけるHCCI燃焼研究

Norimasa Iida

Motor Ring No.21 「エンジン特集」 ((社)自動車技術会) Motor Ring 「エンジン特集」 ( No.21 ) http://www.jsae.or.jp/~dat1/mr/motor21/mr20052109.pdf 2005.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work

予混合圧縮自己着火（Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition：HCCI）機関は，空気と燃料の予混合気を燃焼室内に導入し，ピストンの圧縮により高温・高圧とすることで多点同時に自己着火させる機関である．HCCI 機関は，その燃焼方式から高効率・低公害を実現しうる機関として注目されており，地球環境問題や石油資源の枯渇問題を緩和しうる手法の一つとしてその実用化が求められている．しかし，HCCI機関には，着火が燃料固有の着火温度に依存するため着火時期の制御が困難である，またノッキングのために運転領域が低負荷に限られるといった課題が存在し，課題解決のために多くの研究がなされている．HCCI 機関は，着火に至るまでピストンの圧縮によってのみ温度が上昇するので，着火時期の制御には圧縮開始時の筒内ガス温度が重要となる．また，ノッキングは急峻な燃焼により生じるため，その回避には燃焼反応速度の抑制が不可欠となる．本報では，各大学の研究室で行なわれている HCCI 燃焼研究の一部を紹介する

大学におけるHCCI燃焼研究

IIDA NORIMASA

Motor Ring No.21 エンジン特集 (自動車技術会) 2005.10

Research paper (other academic), Single Work

Field Survey and Analysis about a Local Air Pollution by On-board Emissions Measurement System: - Analysis of the Affector Influencing NOx, PM Emissions Factors in Wide and Narrow Streets -

Norifumi Takada, Yutaka Takada, Norimasa Iida

自動車技術会論文集 (（社）自動車技術会) 36 ( 5 ) 99-104 2005.09

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

Emissions factors, which is described by mass emission per distance, are applied to the estimation of the amount of exhaust emissions from running vehicles. However the difference of the emissions factor by road infrastructure is not clear. Road infrastructure, traffic conditions, driver’s operations, vehicle running conditions and NOx, PM emissions were investigated in order to clarify the difference of NOx and PM emissions factors between a narrow and a wide street by on-board emissions measurement system installed in a light-duty freight vehicle. It was found that affectors influencing NOx and PM emissions factors were different wide and narrow streets. The frequencies of the accelerator operations in the narrow street were more than that in the wide street. Difference of frequencies of NOx emissions factor were observed in both streets.

Improving the Maximum IMEP of Knocking Limit of the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition EngineUsing Methane and DME Blended as the Fuel

Soonpyo Kweon, Daisuke Yamashita, Norimasa Iida

自動車技術会論文集 (（社）自動車技術会) 36 ( 5 ) 41-46 2005.09

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Single Work, Accepted

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion engine is bulk combustion, so it is easy to arise knocking that operation region is confined low load region. We have investigated　HCCI engine combustion tests using Methane/DME at high load operation region. DME has low ignition and combustion temperature compare to Methane. Temperature elevation and intermediate product are made by low temperature reaction of DME and they accelerate oxidization of Methane. So, the mixing ratios of Methane/DME could control ignition timing. This paper is written about improvement of IMEP in HCCI engine as control combustion timing put expansion stroke.

Development of the Control System Using EGR Gas for the HCCI Engine Running on DME

Masato IKEMOTO

日本機械学会論文集（Ｂ編） ((社)日本機械学会) 71 ( 709 ) 119-126 2005.09

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

A Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine is supposed to achieve high thermal efficiency and low NO_x PM emissions at the same time. Though it is expected to come into practical use, it has some serious problems such as ignition timing control, knocking at high load and securing of high combustion efficiency. In this study, a four-stroke HCCI engine running on Di-Methyl Ether (DME) is developed to make it practicable as a generator engine. A new HCCI combustion control method, controlling the gas fraction of internal EGR gas at high temperature, external EGR gas at low temperature and premixture at stoichiometric ratio, is proposed. And effects of the gas fraction on HCCI combustion are researched by numerical calculation with elementally reactions and experiment. To conclude, HCCI combustion can be optimized with controlling the fraction of internal EGR gas, external EGR gas and premixture.

Design of the High Thermal Efficiency HCCI Engine Running on DME

IIDA NORIMASA

日本機械学会　研究協力部会RC210　多様化する燃料と次世代動力システムの最適化に関する研究分科会　研究報告書（最終） ((社)日本機械学会) ( 1.1 ) 1-7 2005.07

Research paper (other academic), Joint Work

Improvement and Performance in a Natural-Gas Fueled Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine with Supercharged

IIDA NORIMASA

日本機械学会論文集(B編) ((社)日本機械学会) 71 ( 707 ) 223-228 2005.07

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

車載型の排出ガス計測装置による沿道局所汚染の解析（EGR排出ガス制御付き車両の路上における過渡時のNOx排出特性）

Yutaka Takada

日本機械学会論文集（C編） ((社)日本機械学会) 71 ( 706 ) 216-223 2005.06

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

The investigation of Diesel Spray Combustion in DME HCCI

Norimasa IIDA， Ock Taeck LIM

日本機械学会　研究協力部会RC-207 ディーゼル機関のゼロエミッションと低燃費化のための燃焼物理と燃料化学に関する研究分科会個別研究・最終成果報告 ((社)日本機械学会) ( 2.6 ) 1-6 2005.06

Research paper (other academic), Joint Work

The purpose of the research is to investigate of diesel spray combustion for simultaneously reduce way NOx and PM．The pressure diesel injection were done into intermediates that are generated by very lean DME HCCI combustion using a rapid compression machine (RCM)．The concentration of intermediate could not be directly measured; we estimated it by CHEMKIN calculation．Homogeneous charge compression ignition characteristic of DME-air mixture is surveyed． Validations of the CHEMKIN calculation were confirmed pressure rise of an experiment and pressure rise of a calculation． Using a framing streak camera captured two dimensional spontaneous luminescence images from chemical species at low temperature reaction(LTR) and high temperature reaction (HTR)． Also， the combustion events were observed by high-speed direct photography， the ignition and combustion were analyzed by the combustion chamber pressure profiles and the KL values and flame temperatures were analyzed by the two-color method from the two dimensional flame image．

天然ガスおよびその改質ガスの圧縮自己着火燃焼に関する研究

Susumu SATO

日本機械学会論文集（Ｂ編） ((社)日本機械学会) 71 ( 706 ) 249-258 2005.05

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

本研究では，このエンジンシステムにおいて実現される，天然ガスとその改質ガスである水素と一酸化炭素の圧縮自己着火燃焼を対象として，素反応数値計算により燃焼解析を行った．天然ガスの主成分であるMethaneと空気の予混合気に対し，改質により生成される水素（H2）と一酸化炭素（CO）を添加して計算を行い，Methaneの酸化反応に及ぼす影響について調査した．

Movement of the Research from ATAC and Development in the Future

飯田訓正

ENGINE TECHNOLOGY (山海堂) 7 ( 2 ) 4-7 2005.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work

車載型の排出ガス計測装置による沿道局所汚染の解析（EGR排出ガス制御付きおよび無しの車両の路上におけるNOx排出特性）

TAKADA YUTAKA

日本機械学会論文集（C編） ((社)日本機械学会) 71 ( 703 ) 260-267 2005.03

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

A Verification of the Livengood-Wu Integral Model for Ignition Delay by Numerical Calculation with Elementary Reactions

Susumu Sato, Norimasa Iida

自動車技術会論文集 ((社)自動車技術会) 36 ( 1 ) 65-71 2005.01

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

Numerical calculation with elementary reaction model is very available to analyze ignition and combustion process. On the other hand, the Livengood-Wu integral model is the simplified model to predict ignition timing or knocking timing. In this study, in order to verify the Livengood-Wu model, numerical calculation with elementary reactions was carried out. At first, ignition delays at each equivalence ratio, initial pressure and temperature with shock-tube condition was calculated. And then, in two steps temperature condition, the ignition delay acquired from numerical calculation and that calculated from the Livengood-Wu Integral were compared. As a result, in case of Methane, if any temperatures were selected, the ignition delays from these two ways were almost accorded. In case of DME and n-Butane, if the temperatures higher than NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) Region were selected, the ignition delays from these two ways were almost accorded.

The Effect of Inhomogeneity in the Combustion Chamber on the HCCI Combustion Process of DME/Air mixture

Kengo Kumano, Norimasa Iida

自動車技術会論文集 ((社)自動車技術会) 36 ( 1 ) 93-98 2005.01

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

In the HCCI Engine, inhomogeneity of fuel distribution and temperature in pre-mixture microscopically exists and has possibility to affect the ignition and the combustion process. In this study, the effect of charge inhomogeneity of fuel distribution and temperature on the HCCI combustion process was experimentally investigated by the two dimensional chemiluminescence images. First, the effect of inhomogeneity of fuel distribution in the pre-mixture was investigated in the 4-stroke optical access engine. Second, comparing the combustion of the homogeneous mixture in a rapid compression machine, which has no residual gas, and the combustion in the 4-stroke engine, the effect of the residual gas was analyzed. DME was used as the test fuel. The result showed that a time rag appears spatially in combustion on the inhomogeneous condition in the 4-stroke engine. The luminescence intensity of the combustion in the rapid compression machine has less spatial variation than that in the 4-stroke engine.

Design of the High Thermal Efficiency HCCI Engine Running on DME, - Control of Autoignition Timing and Combustion Reaction Rate and Maintenance of High Combustion Efficiency - "

Yuichiro Kojima, Norimasa Iida

自動車技術会論文集 ((社)自動車技術会) 36 ( 1 ) 99-104 2005.01

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

The past researches clarify the advantages and the disadvantages of HCCI Engine. In this paper, the conditions such as the amount of intake fuel and EGR gas, that can realize the operation, are investigated by using the past experimental data and the numerical analysis. On the basis of this, actually the engine is designed and tested. In addition, EGR gas is controlled by two ways, one is changing the exhaust tappet clearance and another is using the new cam that has two ledges in exhaust. The effect of the difference of the residual ways is investigated.

Analysis of the Effect of Charge Inhomogeneity of Fuel Distribution on the Ignition and Combustion in HCCI Engine by Chemiluminescence Measurement

熊野賢吾，山崎由大，飯田訓正

日本機械学会論文集（Ｂ編） ((社)日本機械学会) ７１ ( ７０１ ) 295-302 2005.01

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

In HCCI Engine, inhomogeneity of fuel distribution and temperature in pre-mixture microscopically exists and has possibility to affect the ignition and combustion process. In this study, the effect of charge inhomogeneity of fuel distribution on the HCCI combustion process was investigated. Pressure profiles were measured and two dimensional chemiluminescence images were captured by using a framing camera with a 4-stroke optical access engine. DME was used as the test fuel. Changing the way of mixing air and fuel in the intake manifold, inhomogeneity of fuel distribution in the pre-mixture was varied.

The Spread Situation of the LPG Large-sized Bus in the World

Ryoji Wakasa, Norimasa Iida

Journal of Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan (自動車技術会) 58 ( 11 ) 60-65 2004.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work

日本では，LPGを燃料とする大型車両（バスやトラックなど）の実用化は不可能とされている．しかし，世界中で見てみると，LPG大型エンジンによる車両，特にバスに使用される例があることを知り，日本での導入可能性を探ることにした．その結果，世界各地でLPG大型バスの存在を確認した．今回は，そのうち，韓国の大型LPGバスを日本に導入することの可能性を調査してきた経過を踏まえ，世界のLPGバスの普及状況について報告する．

"A Study of the Combustion Completion on the 2-Stroke HCCI Engine with n-Butane/air Mixture (Investigation of the Exhaust Gas Composition and the Exhaust Mechanism) "

Yuichiro KOJIMA, Takuya TAKEI, Norimasa IIDA

日本機械学会論文集（Ｂ編） ((社)日本機械学会) 70 ( 699 ) 2891-2898 2004.11

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

In this study, the exhaust gas composition was clarified by using a gas chromatography, and combustion completion was considered in 2-stroke HCCI engine. In exhaust gas composition, n-Butane was high concentration as opposed to calculation results and intermediate products (CO, C2H4, C3H6, CH4, C2H6) also exhausted. Increasing maximum in-cylinder gas temperature until 1600K, combustion efficiency became higher and HC emissions became lower, but over 1600K, combustion efficiency kept constant 82±3% and HC emissions became higher again. In actual engine, it was considered that mixture near cylinder wall couldn’t be ignited because of heat loss to wall. This region was almost 0.83-1.01mm from wall by calculated from exhaust gas composition and concentration by 2 models. And the ratio of exhaust n-butane from heat loss to wall in exhaust n-butane is about 79%, from crevice is about 1%, from leak is about 20%.

Study on Auto-Ignition and Combustion Mechanism of HCCI Engine

Norimasa Iida, Yudai Yamasaki, Susumu Sato, Kengo Kumano and Yuichiro Kojima

SAE Transactions Journal of Engines (SAE) 2004-32-0095 2004.09

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

In the HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) engine, a mixture of fuel and air is supplied to the cylinder and auto-ignition occurs resulting from compression. This method can expand the lean flammability limit, realizing smokeless combustion and also having the potential for realizing low NOx and high efficiency. The optimal ignition timing is necessary in order to keep high thermal efficiency. The Ignition in the HCCI engine largely depends on the chemical reaction between the fuel and the oxidizer. Physical methods in conventional engines cannot control it, so a chemical method is demanded. Combustion duration is maintained properly to avoid knocking. In addition, the amount of HC and CO emissions must be reduced. The objective of this study is to clarify the following through calculations with detailed chemical reactions and through experiment with the 2-stroke HCCI engine: the chemical reaction mechanism, and HC and CO emission mechanisms. Ignition and combustion mechanisms and the effect of pre-mixture heterogeneity on ignition and combustion are also clarified. This is done by using an optically accessible engine and measuring the luminescence at auto-ignition and during the combustion process.

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