Details of a Researcher - Iida, Norimasa

Papers - Iida, Norimasa

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An Investigation of the Effect of Fuels and Thermal Stratification on Reducing Pressure Rise Rate in HCCI Engines

IIDA NORIMASA

日本機械学会　研究協力部会RC232　ディーゼル機関における不均一燃焼の高度制御に関する研究分科会　研究報告書（中間）第2班着火および燃焼の化学反応 ((社)日本機械学会) ( 1.6 ) 31-36 2008.06

Research paper (other academic), Joint Work

In HCCI engines, IMEP is limited by knocking in high load operation. Knocking occurs when pressure rise rate reaches 5MPa/ms. To investigate the factors which dominate pressure rise rate during HCCI combustion, this study investigates the effect of fuels and thermal stratification on pressure rise rate using optically accessible engine and rapid compression machine. By optically accessible engine, the effects of fuels stratification of DME which has large heat release in LTR and n-Butane which has smaller heat release in LTR than DME are investigated using pressure measurement and chemiluminescence imaging. On the other hand, by rapid compression machine, the effects of thermal stratification fueled with DME are analyzed using pressure measurement.

Evolving Technological Systems for Diesel Engine Emission Control: Balancing GHG and Local Emissions

David.Bauner, Staffan.Laestadius, Norimasa.Iida

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy (Heidelberg・Springer Berlin 10.1007/s10098-008-0151-x) 11 ( 3 ) 339-365 2008.04

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1618-954X (Print)

Influence of the Fuel Compositions on the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion

Susumu Sato, Daisuke Yamashita and Norimasa Iida

International Journal of Engine Research (Professional Engineering Publishing Limited, London, UK JSAE，JSME，I MECH E，SAE) 9 ( Issue 2 ) 123-148 2008.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1468-0874

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are drawing attention as the next-generation internal combustion engine, but have not been put to practical use because of several issues. One of the issues is that increasing the fuel
charge causes rapid combustion in the combustion chamber, which results in knocking that limits its operation region. In this study, the focus was put on a method to increase the operation region of HCCI engines by mixing two fuels with different reactivities. First, dimethyl ether (DME), n-butane, or hydrogen was mixed with methane to investigate how the changes in mixing ratios affected the oxidation reaction of the pre-mixture based on numerical calculations with elementary reactions. From the calculation results, applicable types of double componential fuels for HCCI engines were considered. Based on the results of the consideration, DME or n-butane was mixed with methane to conduct combustion experiments and to clarify mixing conditions of the double componential fuels that realize high output and high thermal efficiency simultaneously.

The Study on fuel Auto-ignition Index for HCCI Engine

IIDA NORIMASA

日本機械学会　研究協力部会RC234　燃料の多様化と低環境負荷動力システムに関する研究分科会　研究報告書（中間）第2班：DME・天然ガスの燃焼，予混合圧縮着火，燃料電池 ((社)日本機械学会) 99-106 2008.02

Research paper (other academic), Single Work

An Investigation of the Effect of Charge Inhomogeneity on the Ignition and Combustion Processes in a HCCI Engine Using Chemiluminescence Imaging

Kengo KUMANO, Yudai YAMASAKI and Norimasa IIDA

JSME International Journal of Thermal Science and Technology (JSME) 2 ( 2 ) 200-211 2007.10

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1880-5566

In the HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) engines, inhomogeneity in fuel distribution and temperature in the pre-mixture exists microscopically and has possibility to affect the ignition and combustion process. In this study, the effect of charge inhomogeneity in fuel distribution on the HCCI combustion process was investigated. Pressure profiles were measured and two dimensional chemiluminescence images were captured by using a framing camera with a 4-stroke optically accessible engine in order to understand the spatial distribution of the combustion. DME (di-methyl ether) was used as the test fuel. By changing the way of mixing air and fuel in the intake manifold, inhomogeneity in fuel distribution in the pre-mixture was varied. The result shows that luminescence is observed in a very short time in a large part of the combustion chamber under the homogeneous condition, while luminescence appears locally with considerable time differences under the inhomogeneous condition. It is also shown that the local luminescence durations are almost the same under both conditions.
Methyl Ether, Chemiluminescence, Radical

The Study on Combustion Control of HCCI Engine Running on DME Using EGR

Tetsuo Ohmura, Masato Ikemoto, Norimasa Iida

自動車技術会論文集 (（社）自動車技術会) 38 ( 5 ) 113-118 2007.09

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

The past researches clarify the advantages and the disadvantages of HCCI Engine. In this paper, the conditions such as the amount of intake fuel and EGR gas, that can realize the operation, are investigated by using the past experimental data and the numerical analysis. On the basis of this, actually the engine is designed and tested. In addition, EGR gas is controlled by two ways, one is changing the exhaust tappet clearance and another is using the new cam that has two ledges in exhaust. The effect of the difference of the residual ways is investigated.

The Investigation of the Effect on the HCCI Combustion from the Inhomogeneous Mixture Gas with the Measurement of Chemiluminescence Images

Satoshi Yamaoki, Daisei Nagaoka, Norimasa Iida

自動車技術会論文集 (（社）自動車技術会) 38 ( 5 ) 119-124 2007.09

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

In HCCI engines, the inhomogeneity in fuel concentration in the pre-mixture gas makes the combustion duration longer and the rise of in-cylinder gas pressure moderate when the fuel that has large heat release in low temperature reaction is used. In this paper, we observe chemiluminescence images on HCCI combustion by the 4-stroke optically accessible engine using DME that has large heat release in low temperature reaction and n-Butane that has small one in low temperature reaction.

Performance Improvement for Natural Gas Fueled HCCI Engine with Turbocharger (Second Report)

Takahiro Sako (The Japan Gas Association), Satoshi Morimoto (The Japan Gas Association), Norimasa Iida (Keio University)

自動車技術会論文集 (（社）自動車技術会) 38 ( 5 ) 131-136 2007.09

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Single Work, Accepted

Combustion Control of a HCCI Engine Fuelled with DME Using Hot and Cold EGR Gas

大村哲生，鹿ノ戸義彦，飯田訓正

日本機械学会論文集（Ｂ編） ((社)日本機械学会) 73 ( 733B ) 158-164 2007.09

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

Analyses of Mechanism on Roadside Pollution by On-Board Emissions Measurement System: (Transient Characteristics of NOx emissions in Vehicles with EGR System in Real Traffic Conditions)

Yutaka TAKADA, Norifumi TAKADA and Norimasa IIDA

JSME International Journal of Environment and Engineering (JSME) 2 ( 3 ) 546-557 2007.08

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1880-988X

In order to clarify the reason why the NOx emissions factor becomes higher with vehicle acceleration at intersections etc., two freight vehicles of different emission model years, equipped with EGR systems for reduction of NOx, were tested by an on-board NOx measurement system. Higher NOx emissions factors were observed at vehicle starts in lower-gear operations for each vehicle though the total NOx mass emissions of the later model vehicle were less. Larger NOx mass emissions were clearly observed in the engine operation area of lower engine speed and load in real traffic conditions though the NOx mass emissions in steady state conditions was less. NOx emissions characteristics were analyzed in view of engine torque, NOx mass emissions, and the EGR rate, and considering the rate of engine speed change. It was found that lower-gear operations made the rate of engine speed change higher and also the EGR rate lower resulting in higher NOx emissions. This seems to be one of the factors to engender the intensive NOx pollution at roadsides.

The Study on Combustion Control of Small and Light HCCI Engine Fuelled with DME

Yoshihiko Kanoto, Tetsuo Ohmura, Norimasa Iida

自動車技術会論文集 (（社）自動車技術会) 38 ( 4 ) 97-102 2007.07

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

A small and light HCCI engine fuelled with DME has been developed. This engine uses a two-stage exhaust cam and throttles located in intake and exhaust manifold and Cold EGR passage. This system can be managed the mixing ratio of pre-mixture, hot internal EGR gas and cold external EGR gas. Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) and 50% burnt fuel (CA50) are controlled by the mixing ratio. In this paper, steady combustion characteristics are examined to propose HCCI combustion control system. Moreover variation in HCCI combustion is discussed for load control.

Analyses of Mechanism on Roadside Pollution by On-Board Emissions Measurement System: (Characteristics of NOx Emissions in Vehicles with and without EGR System in Real Traffic Conditions)

Yutaka TAKADA, Tomio MIYAZAKI and Norimasa IIDA

JSME International Journal of Environment and Engineering (JSME) 2 ( 3 ) 535-545 2007.07

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1880-988X

An on-board measurement system that can simultaneously obtain such information as road infrastructure, traffic conditions, driver's operations, vehicle running conditions, and exhaust mass emissions was installed in a light duty freight vehicle with an EGR system and in a minivan without an EGR system. In order to analyze the mechanism of roadside pollution caused by vehicles, road tests were carried out in real traffic conditions. The light duty freight vehicle showed intensive NOx pollution at the roadside in a vehicle start, in which the EGR rate was low, but it was effective to reduce NOx mass emissions at low speed running in traffic jams where the EGR rate was rather high. In the case of the minivan, intensive NOx pollution was observed in low speed running such as in traffic jams. The reduction of NOx during vehicle starts is important for vehicles with an EGR system to reduce intensive NOx pollution at roadsides.

The Effect of Pre-mixture with Inhomogeneity on HCCI Combustion

IIDA NORIMASA

Research Committee on Combustion Physics and Fuel Chemistry to control Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Phenomena in Diesel Engine ((社)日本機械学会) ( 2.5 ) - 2007.06

Research paper (other academic), Single Work

It has been investigated that thermal stratification and partial fuel stratification in a pre-mixture is effective as a method for controlling the combustion duration on HCCI combustion experiment. In this research, we analyze the effect of the degree of unmixedness in a pre-mixture on HCCI combustion characteristic using chemiluminescence imaging and thermodynamic analysis with RCM and Optical engine. In addition, numerical analysis was conducted on the gas compression and expansion strokes in HCCI engine with simple 0-dimensinal multi-zones model, and it was found that degree of unmixidness about temperature or partial fuel concentration plays a role for reducing pressure-rise rate.

An Investigation on the Effect of Fuel Stratification and Thermal Stratification for Reducing the Pressure Rise Rate in HCCI Combustion

IIDA NORIMASA

日本機械学会　研究協力部会RC222　燃料の多様化と低環境負荷動力システムに関する研究分科会　研究報告書（最終）第１班予混合圧縮着火燃焼，次世代燃料の燃焼特性 ((社)日本機械学会) - 2007.06

Research paper (other academic), Single Work

The purpose of this study is to investigate experimentally the effect of partial mixing rate stratification on HCCI combustion, using DME and n-Butane. In addition to pressure measurement, the chemiluminescence image in HCCI combustion is used a means of visualizing a charge stratification and evaluating local combustion characters. It was found that partial mixing rate stratified charge in DME and n-Butane reduced the maximum pressure rise rate during HCCI combustion. By partial mixing rate stratified charge, the peak time of chemiluminescence intensity was dispersed, comparing to mixing rate homogeneous charge. Therefore, distribution of equivalence ratio is generated, and this distribution makes the peak time of RHR in each local area dispersed.

An Investigation on the Effect of Fuel Stratification on HCCI Combustion Using Chemiluminescence Imaging

Daisei Nagaoka, Satoshi Ketadanib, Norimasa Iida

Review of Automotive Engineering (JSAE) 28 ( 2 ) 203-210 2007.04

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

The purpose of this study is to investigate experimentally the effect of fuel stratification on HCCI combustion, using DME. In addition to pressure measurement, the chemiluminescence image in HCCI combustion is used a means of visualizing the charge stratification and evaluating local combustion characters. It was found that fuel stratified charge in DME reduced the maximum pressure rise rate during HCCI combustion. By fuel-stratified charge, the peak time of chemiluminescence intensity was dispersed, comparing to fuel homogeneous charge. Therefore, distribution of equivalence ratio is generated, and this distribution makes the peak time of RHR in each local area dispersed.

The Investigation on the Effect of Inhomogeneity of Fuel Concentration on HCCI Combustion using Two

Daisei Nagaoka, Satosi Ketadani , Norimasa Iida

自動車技術会論文集 (（社）自動車技術会) 38 ( 2 ) 173-178 2007.03

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

Influence of the Fuel Compositions on the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion (The 2nd Report) -Effect of the Mixing Ratios of Double Componential Fuels on the Operating Region of HCCI Engine-

Susumu Sato, Daisuke Yamashita, Norimasa Iida

自動車技術会論文集 (（社）自動車技術会) 38 ( 2 ) 119-124 2007.03

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

HCCI engine has the problem of limited operating region. To solve this problem, the method of mixing the fuels with different reactivities was paid attention. In this study, the expansion of the operating region of HCCI engine was tried by using double componential fuels. In this report, based on the results of the first report, the combustion experiment by mixing DME or n-butane with methane was carried out. The mixing conditions of fuels to realize both of high output and high thermal efficiency were clarified.

Influence of the Fuel Compositions on the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion (The 1st Report) -Effect of the Variations of Fuel Compositions on the Oxidation Reaction Processes of Pre-mixture-

Susumu Sato, Daisuke Yamashita, Norimasa Iida

自動車技術会論文集 (（社）自動車技術会) 38 ( 2 ) 113-118 2007.03

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

HCCI engine has the problem of limited operating region. To solve this problem, the method of mixing the fuels with different reactivities was paid attention. In this study, the expansion of the operating region of HCCI engine was tried by using double componential fuels. In this report, when DME, n-butane, hydrogen or carbon monoxide was mixed with methane, the effects of the mixing ratios on the oxidation reaction processes of pre-mixture were investigated by numerical calculations with elementary reactions.

A Study on Combustion Control by Using Internal and External EGR for HCCI Engines Fuelled with DME

Tetsuo Ohmura, Masato Ikemoto, Norimasa Iida

SAE Transactions (SAE) 2006-32-0045 2007.03

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine is possible to achieve high thermal efficiency and low emissions. One of the main challenges with HCCI engines is structuring the systems to control combustion phasing, crank angle of 50% heat release (CA50), for keeping high thermal efficiency and avoiding an excessive rate of pressure rise which causes knocking, when operating conditions vary. Though some HCCI combustion control systems, for example Variable Valve Timing System and Variable Compression Ratio System, have been suggested, these control systems are complex and heavy.

Effect of Degree of Unmixedness on HCCI Combustion Based on Experiment and Numerical Analysis

Jumpei Ozaki, Norimasa Iida

SAE Transactions (SAE) 2006-32-0046 2007.03

Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.), Joint Work, Accepted

In this study, for the development of a lightweight and small-sized generator HCCI engine fuelled with Dimethyl Ether (DME) which is low-emission and easy to autoignite, a simple HCCI combustion control system is suggested, and the control system is evaluated experimentally. In the control system, the means of controlling gas temperature at inlet valve closure (IVC) is focused on to control CA50 as the specific autoignition temperature of a fuel is constant in HCCI combustion. The amount of premixture of air and fuel at stoichiometric ratio necessary to achieve load is fixed, and gas temperature at IVC is controlled by changing the mixing ratio of hot (internal) EGR gas and cold (external) EGR gas. And also cold EGR gas plays a role in the avoidance of a very rapid combustion reaction speed. The exhaust cam has two stages to use hot EGR gas, and exhaust gas is cooled through the heat exchanger to use cold EGR gas. The mixing ratio of three gases, stoichiometric premixture, hot EGR gas and cold EGR gas, is controlled by four throttles placed in the flow path of these gases.

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