Details of a Researcher - Shimazu, Akihito

Papers - Shimazu, Akihito

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Required Competency on Behavioral Science for UndergraduateMedical Education: A Survey Using the Delphi Method

Working group on development of a core curriculum for behavioral medicine in undergraduate medical education, NAKAO Mutsuhiro, NAKAYAMA Takeo, HASHIZUME Masahiro, YOSHIUCHI Kazuhiro, TSUTSUMI Akizumi, ISHIKAWA Yoshiki, INUI Akio, INOUE Shigeru, SHIMAZU Akito, SUWA Shigeki, TSUDA Akira, TSUBOI Koji

Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine (The Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine) 20 ( 2 ) 63 - 68 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

<b></b>To investigate the required competency on behavioral science for graduates in medicine, a survey using the Delphi method was conducted. A working group under the auspices of Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine developed a list of distinct competency which undergraduate medical students may need to master, and invited 111 society councilors to take part in an online Delphi exercise with two rounds. Recruitment was done by email and 26 participants completed the exercises. Seventeen were psychologists, five clinicians, two nurses and five had backgrounds in social medicine (there is some overlapping). Eight were active lecturers at a medical university and had teaching experience of 11 years on average. The items identified as 'can be explained' were; stress and coping, motivation, behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, user-medical staff relationship, inter-staff relationship, quality of life, social support, self-efficacy, stimulus control, relaxation method, adherence, taking medicine, active listening and inquiry method. The items identified as 'need to understand' were; automation of information processing, locus of control, teaching, social cognition, sexual behavior, and empowerment. Despite of the small sample size, the finding obtained from the experts of this region of science is useful to develop a core curriculum for behavioral medicine in Japanese undergraduate medical education.

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ワーク・エンゲイジメントメンタルヘルス不調の予防から個人・組織の活性化へ (特集メンタルヘルス対策の新たなキーワード)

島津明人

心とからだのオアシス : ビジネスパーソンのワーキングライフをサポートします (中央労働災害防止協会) 7 ( 4 ) 3 - 7 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1881-9257

Future Occupational Mental Health: Two Proposals from Occupational Health Psychology

SHIMAZU Akihito, KAWAKAMI Norito

TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES (Japan Science Support Foundation) 19 ( 1 ) 1_60 - 1_65 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1342-3363

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Workaholism and Sleep Quality Among Japanese Employees: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Kubota K, Shimazu A, Kawakami N, Takahashi M

International journal of behavioral medicine (International Journal of Behavioral Medicine) 21 ( 1 ) 66 - 76 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

Background: This study focused on workaholism as a personal attitude toward work and examined its effects on sleep quality among Japanese employees from various occupations. Purpose: The present study aimed to demonstrate the prospective association of workaholism(i.e., working excessively hard in a compulsive fashion) with sleep quality among Japanese employees. Methods: AWeb-based prospective survey was conducted in October 2010 and May 2011 among registered monitors of a survey company. The questionnaire included workaholism, sleep quality, job characteristics, and demographics. Overall, 13,564 monitors were randomly invited to complete the first wave of the survey. The first 2,520 respondents were included in this study. The respondents who completed the first wave were invited to complete the second wave of the survey; 2,061 answered. A total of 364 respondents who changed their working conditions during the follow-up period were excluded. In addition, due to missing values, data from 14 respondents were excluded. Thus, the responses from 1,683 respondents were included in the analysis (859 males and 824 females). An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to compare adjusted sleep quality at follow-up among workaholism groups (low, middle, and high). To conduct the ANCOVA, we adjusted for demographics, sleep quality at baseline, and job characteristics. Results: The high-workaholic group had significantly longer sleep latency at follow-up compared with the low- and middle-workaholic groups after adjusting for demographics, sleep latency at baseline, and job characteristics. In addition, the high-workaholic group demonstrated significantly higher levels of daytime dysfunction compared with the low-workaholic group. However, no significant differences were found among workaholic groups in terms of overall sleep quality, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, and use of sleep medication. Conclusion: Workaholism was associated with poor sleep quality at the 7-month follow-up in terms of sleep latency and daytime dysfunction. © International Society of Behavioral Medicine 2012.

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Work engagement versus workaholism: A test of the spillover-crossover model.

Bakker, A.B., Shimazu, A., Demerouti, E., Shimada, K., Kawakami, N.

Journal of Managerial Psychology (Journal of Managerial Psychology) 29 ( 1 ) 63 - 80 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 02683946

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how two different types of heavy work investment - work engagement and workaholism - are related to family satisfaction as reported by employees and their intimate partner. Design/methodology/approach: In total, 398 Japanese couples completed self-reported questionnaires including the model variables. One year later, participants reported again on their family satisfaction. Structural equation modelling analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Findings: As hypothesized, work engagement was positively related to work-family facilitation, which, in turn, predicted own and partner's family satisfaction, also one year later. In contrast, workaholism showed a positive relationship with work-family conflict, and had an indirect negative effect on own and partner's family satisfaction. The structural relationships between the variables from husbands to wives were similar to those from wives to husbands. Research limitations/implications: The use of a non-experimental design does not allow for definitive conclusions regarding causality. Practical implications: The findings contribute to the work-family interface literature by showing how experiences built up at work can have a positive or negative impact on one's partner's family satisfaction. The study highlights a growing need to promote work engagement and discourage workaholism within organizations since engagement has positive and workaholism has negative implications for employees' private life. Originality/value: This study clearly shows the differences between two important work experiences - work engagement and workaholism. Using the spillover-crossover model, the study sheds a new light on the process through which employee work engagement and workaholism influence one's partner at home. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

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国際行動医学会第13回大会レポート

島津明人, 吉内一浩

Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine (The Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine) 20 ( 2 ) 85 - 87 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

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特集「職場が元気になるワーク・エンゲイジメント」にあたって (特集職場が元気になるワーク・エンゲイジメント)

島津明人

産業看護 : 働く人々の健康を支援する産業看護職のネットワークづくりと実践力upの玉手箱 (メディカ出版) 6 ( 3 ) 200 - 203 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1883-0501

Association of Workaholism and Work Engagement with RecoveryExperiences among Japanese Workers

KUBOTA Kazumi, SHIMAZU Akihito, KAWAKAMI Norito

Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine (The Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine) 20 ( 2 ) 69 - 76 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

The present study aimed to demonstrate the association of workaholism and work engagement with recovery experiences among Japanese workers. A web-based survey was conducted in October 2010 among registered monitors of a survey company (Macromill, Inc). A total of 13,564 Japanese workers, who were matched in age, gender and resident area to Japanese representative sample, were randomly invited to the survey including workaholism, work engagement, recovery experiences, job characteristics, and demographics. The first 2,520 respondents were analyzed in this study (1,257 men and 1,263 women: mean age 44.4, SD = 12.9). Structural Equation Modeling was conducted to examine the association between workaholism, work engagement, and recovery experiences. Results show that workaholism and work engagement were weakly and positively related to each other. In addition, workaholism was negatively related to all four subscales of recovery experiences (i.e., psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control). In contrast, work engagement was positively related to three subscales of recovery experience (i.e., relaxation, mastery, and control). These findings suggest that workaholism may inhibit recovery experiences, whereas work engagement may enhance them. Although both workaholism and work engagement share the characteristic of spending much energy for one's work, they are oppositely related to recovery experiences.

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労働時間や休暇取得に対する裁量権と勤務スケジュールの不規則性に関する横断調査

久保智英, 高橋正也, 劉欣欣, 東郷史治, 田中克俊, 島津明人, 高屋正敏

労働安全衛生総合研究所特別研究報告 ((独)労働者健康安全機構労働安全衛生総合研究所) ( 43 ) 121 - 125 2013.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1882-8329

情報技術や雇用形態の変化に伴い,労働時間が以前にも増して柔軟でかつ変動的な性質を帯びてきている.最近,特に欧州諸国において,労働者自身が勤務時間や休暇取得に対して裁量を持つことは労働者の健康とポジティブな関連性にあることが指摘され,注目を集めている.しかし,労働者が勤務時間に対して高い裁量を発揮する場合,勤務時間が不規則になり,それによる睡眠の規則性の低下から疲労の長期化,ひいては労働生産性やワーク・ライフ・バランスの低下も一方で懸念される.本研究は,労働者の勤務時間の裁量権と勤務スケジュールの不規則性が疲労の回復,睡眠の質,ワーク・ライフ・バランス,そしてニアミス頻度に与える影響を横断的に質問紙調査によって検討することが目的であった.1,372名の製造業で働く従業員を対象に調査票を配布した(回収率;68.7%).その結果,勤務時間の裁量権が高くてかつ不規則性の低い回答者は,他群に比して疲労回復,睡眠の質,ワーク・ライフ・バランスの指標で有意に良好な傾向を示していた.また,高い裁量権でかつ高い不規則性を示した群は,他群に比べてニアミスが頻繁にみられる傾向が示された.以上のことから,裁量が高くとも規則的な勤務スケジュールで働くことが労働者の健康や安全の向上には重要であることが本研究から示唆された.(著者抄録)

勤務時間の裁量権と健康および労働関連指標に関する追跡調査

高橋正也, 久保智英, 劉欣欣, 東郷史治, 田中克俊, 島津明人, 久保善子, 内山鉄朗

労働安全衛生総合研究所特別研究報告 ((独)労働者健康安全機構労働安全衛生総合研究所) ( 43 ) 127 - 136 2013.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1882-8329

勤務時間の裁量権(Worktime control,WTC)は働き方および休み方をどのくらい自分で決められるかに特化した裁量権である.このWTCは労働者の健康やワーク・ライフ・バランスなど,労働生活に有利であるとして注目されている.今回は半年ごとの追跡調査から,WTCの変化(低→低,低→高,高→低,高→高)と疲労,精神的不調,睡眠不全,仕事による私生活の支障,仕事に関するポジティブな態度(ワーク・エンゲイジメント)との関連を検証した.その際,一回目調査時の労働時間の長さを考慮に入れるとともに,日勤者1,057名と交代勤務者1,091名とを別々に扱った.日勤者では,週労働41-50時間の場合,WTCの増加群は追跡期間中に疲労感が減少し,ワーク・エンゲイジメントは増加する傾向があった.週労働51-60時間の場合,WTCの高値維持群は追跡期間中に仕事による私生活の支障が減少した.また,この群はほかの群より,疲労感と精神的不調が低く,ワーク・エンゲイジメントも高かった.一方,交代勤務者では,週労働1-40時間の場合,WTCの増加群は追跡期間中に疲労感と睡眠不全が減少した.WTCの高値維持群はほかの群よりワーク・エンゲイジメントが高かった.週労働41-50時間の場合,WTCの高値維持群は追跡期間中に睡眠不全が減少した.この群とWTCの増加群はともに,それ以外の群に比べて,仕事による私生活の支障が少なかった.なお,日勤者,交代勤務者とも,WTCの減少群または低値維持群では上記とは概して反対の成績が得られた.これらの結果から,週60時間を超えるような長時間の労働はその削減が優先されるとしても,WTCの増加または高い維持は長時間労働に伴う健康や労働生活上の不利益の減少と関連することが示唆された.(著者抄録)

勤務時間に対する裁量権の1年後の変化からみた労働者の疲労と睡眠の客観評価

久保智英, 高橋正也, 劉欣欣, 東郷史治, 田中克俊, 島津明人, 久保善子, 鎌田直樹, 上杉淳子

労働安全衛生総合研究所特別研究報告 ((独)労働者健康安全機構労働安全衛生総合研究所) ( 43 ) 137 - 141 2013.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1882-8329

本研究では,働く時間や休み方に対して労働者自身がどの程度決定できるかの「勤務時間の裁量権の1年後の変化と,労働者の疲労と睡眠の関連性を検討するために1年間の縦断調査を実施した.先行研究の多くがアンケート調査に基づく主観評価による知見であるのに対して,本研究では疲労と睡眠の客観評価を試みた.その際,主観的な訴えではなく他覚的に疲労と睡眠をとらえるため,刺激に対する反応時間の遅れから疲労をとらえる反応時間と,腕時計型睡眠計による活動量のパターンから推定される睡眠を測定指標として用いた.37名の労働者(平均年齢±標準偏差;41.9±12.8歳,うち9名が女性)を対象に,勤務時間の裁量権が初回調査に比べて増加した群,低下した群,変わらなかった群の3群に分けて,疲労と睡眠の指標を比較・検討した.結果,反応時間検査では1年後の増加群は他群に比して統計的に良好な結果が観察された.しかし,睡眠の質の指標である睡眠効率では3群間に統計的な差は示されなかった.本研究により,勤務時間の裁量権の増加は,中長期的にみて疲労の低減と結びつく可能性が示唆された.(著者抄録)

Work-self balance: A longitudinal study on the effects of job demands and resources on personal functioning in Japanese working parents

Demerouti E, Shimazu A, Bakker A, Shimada K, Kawakami N

Work & Stress (Work and Stress) 27 ( 3 ) 223 - 243 2013.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 02678373

In work-family research the effects on the individual, or the "self", in terms of personal interests independent of the work and family domains, have been largely neglected. This longitudinal study on 471 Japanese employees with young children investigated how job demands and job resources may have an impact on well-being by facilitating or hindering personal functioning. It was hypothesized that workload would have an unfavourable impact on work-to-self conflict, while supervisor support would have a favourable impact on work-to-self facilitation. In addition, we hypothesized that work-self conflict would diminish well-being (psychological distress and happiness), while work-self facilitation would enhance well-being over time. Structural equation modelling analyses using a full panel design showed that work overload was positively related to work-self conflict over time, whereas supervisor support was positively related to work-self facilitation. Furthermore, work-self conflict predicted psychological distress and happiness at T2, one year later, after controlling for T1 levels. These findings suggest that the demands and resources encountered at work can spill over to the home domain and have an impact on personal functioning and context-free well-being. Further research is needed to determine the importance of work-self constructs in relation to work-family constructs. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

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ここから始める! ポジティブメンタルヘルス(第3回)組織活性化のポイント : 健康の増進と生産性の向上の両立に向けて

島津明人

人材教育 : 人材開発の実践情報誌 (日本能率協会マネジメントセンター) 25 ( 7 ) 116 - 118 2013.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Job demands, job resources, and work engagement of Japanese employees: a prospective cohort study.

Inoue A, Kawakami N, Tsuno K, Shimazu A, Tomioka K, Nakanishi M

International archives of occupational and environmental health (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health) 86 ( 4 ) 441 - 449 2013.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0340-0131

Purpose Research on the prospective association of job demands and job resources with work engagement is still limited in Asian countries, such as Japan. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prospective association of job demands (i.e., psychological demands and extrinsic effort) and job resources (i.e., decision latitude, supervisor support, co-worker support, and extrinsic reward), based on the job demands-control (JD-C) [or demand-control-support (DCS)] model and the effortreward imbalance (ERI) model, with work engagement among Japanese employees. Methods The participants included 423 males and 672 females from five branches of a manufacturing company in Japan. Self-administered questionnaires, including the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ), the nine-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), and demographic characteristics, were administered at baseline (August 2009). At one-year follow-up (August 2010), the UWES-9 was used again to assess work engagement. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results After adjusting for demographic characteristics and work engagement at baseline, higher psychological demands and decision latitude were positively and significantly associated with greater work engagement at followup (b = 0.054, p = 0.020 for psychological demands and b = 0.061, p = 0.020 for decision latitude). Conclusions Having higher psychological demands and decision latitude may enhance work engagement among Japanese employees. © Springer-Verlag 2012.

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【これからの職場のメンタルヘルスの第一次予防】科学的根拠に基づいた職場のメンタルヘルスの第一次予防のガイドライン　職場のメンタルヘルスのための職場環境改善の評価と改善に関するガイドライン

吉川徹, 吉川悦子, 土屋政雄, 小林由佳, 島津明人, 堤明純, 小田切優子, 小木和孝, 川上憲人

産業ストレス研究 (日本産業ストレス学会) 20 ( 2 ) 135 - 145 2013.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1340-7724

職場環境等の評価と改善の普及・浸透に関する科学的根拠に基づく(EBM)ガイドラインについて検討した。EBMガイドライン案の作成のために、国内外の研究論文をレビューした。職場環境開発を通じたストレス対策EBMガイドライン作成のための対象文献は、レビュー文献から整理し、33文献を基本として抽出した。国内外の文献レビューに基づいて「職場環境等の評価と改善に関する科学的根拠に基づく(EBM)ガイドライン案」を精査し、最終的に4領域合計12項目、八つの推奨項目と四つのヒント項目が含まれる形に整理して、EBMガイドラインを作成した。

Socioeconomic status is significantly associated with dietary salt intakes and blood pressure in Japanese workers (J-HOPE Study).

Miyaki K, Song Y, Taneichi S, Tsutsumi A, Hashimoto H, Kawakami N, Takahashi M, Shimazu A, Inoue A, Kurioka S, Shimbo T

International journal of environmental research and public health (3) 10 ( 3 ) 980 - 993 2013.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1661-7827

The association of socioeconomic status (SES) with nutrients intakes attracts public attention worldwide. In the current study, we examined the associations of SES with dietary salt intake and health outcomes in general Japanese workers (2,266) who participated in this Japanese occupational cohort. SES was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intakes were assessed with a validated, brief, self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). Multiple linear regression and stratified analysis were used to evaluate the associations of salt intake with the confounding factors. Education levels and household incomes were significantly associated with salt intake, as well as blood pressures (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex and total energy intake, both years of education and household income significantly affect the salt intake (for education, β = -0.031, P = 0.040; for household income, β = -0.046, P = 0.003). SES factors also affect the risk of hypertension, those subjects with higher levels of education or income had lower risk to become hypertensive (ORs for education was 0.904, P < 0.001; ORs for income was 0.956, P = 0.032). Our results show that SES is an independent determinant of salt intake and blood pressure, in order to lower the risk of hypertension, the efforts to narrow the social status gaps should be considered by the health policy-makers. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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Socioeconomic status is significantly associated with the dietary intakes of folate and depression scales in japanese workers (J-HOPE Study)

Miyaki K, Song Y, Taneichi S, Tsutsumi A, Hashimoto H, Kawakami N, Takahashi M, Shimazu A, Inoue A, Kurioka S, Shimbo T

Nutrients (2) 5 ( 2 ) 565 - 578 2013.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 20726643

The association of socioeconomic status (SES) with nutrient intake attracts public attention worldwide. In the current study, we examined the associations of SES with dietary intake of folate and health outcomes in general Japanese workers. This Japanese occupational cohort consisted off 2266 workers. SES was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Intakes of all nutrients were assessed with a validated, brief and self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). The degree of depressive symptoms was measured by the validated Japanese version of the K6 scale. Multiple linear regression and stratified analysis were used to evaluate the associations of intake with the confounding factors. Path analysis was conducted to describe the impacts of intake on health outcomes. Education levels and household incomes were significantly associated with intake of folate and depression scales (p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex and total energy intake, years of education significantly affect the folate intake (β = 0.117, p < 0.001). The structural equation model (SEM) shows that the indirect effect of folate intake is statistically significant and strong (p < 0.05, 56% of direct effect) in the pathway of education level to depression scale. Our study shows both education and income are significantly associated with depression scales in Japanese workers, and the effort to increase the folate intake may alleviate the harms of social disparities on mental health. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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Effects on employees of controlling working hours and working schedules.

Kubo T, Takahashi M, Togo F, Liu X, Shimazu A, Tanaka K, Takaya M.

Occupational Medicine (Occupational Medicine) 63 ( 2 ) 148 - 151 2013.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 09627480

Background: High levels of control over working time and low variability in working hours have been associated with improved health-related outcomes. The potential mechanisms for this association remain unclear. Aims: To examine how work-time control and variability of working times are associated with fatigue recovery, sleep quality, work-life balance, and 'near misses' at work. Methods: Manufacturing sector employees completed a questionnaire that assessed work-time control, worktime variability, fatigue recovery, sleep quality, work-life balance and the frequency of near misses in the past 6 months. Mixed model analysis of covariance and multiple logistic regression analysis tested the main effects of work-time control and variability and their interaction, while adjusting for age, sex, work schedules, and overtime work in the past month. Subscales of work-time control were also investigated (control over daily working hours and over days off). Results: One thousand three hundred and seventy-two completed questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 69%. A significantly higher quality of sleep and better work-life balance were found in the 'high control with low variability' reference group than in the other groups. Significantly better recovery of fatigue was also observed in the group having control over days off with low variability. While near misses were more frequent in the group with high control over daily working hours coupled with high variability compared with the reference group this was not significant. Conclusions: High work-time control and low variability were associated with favourable outcomes of health and work-life balance. This combined effect was not observed for the safety outcome addressed here. © The Author 2013 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Occupational Medicine.

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ワーク・エンゲイジメントが人と組織を元気にする (特集働くことの意味)

島津明人

労働の科学 (労働科学研究所出版部) 68 ( 1 ) 8 - 11 2013.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0035-7774

Dual experiences of work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict: A spillover-crossover perspective.

Shimazu A, Kubota K, Bakker AB, Demerouti E, Shimada K, Kawakami N

Journal of Occupational Health 55 234 - 243 2013

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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