Details of a Researcher - Shimazu, Akihito

Papers - Shimazu, Akihito

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Resource Crafting: Is It Really 'Resource' Crafting-Or Just Crafting?

Hu Qiao, Schaufeli Wilmer B., Taris Toon W., Shimazu Akihito, Dollard Maureen F.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY 10 614 2019.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1664-1078

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Association between working hours, work engagement, and work productivity in employees: A cross-sectional study of the Japanese Study of Health, Occupation, and Psychosocial Factors Relates Equity

Okazaki E., Nishi D., Susukida R., Inoue A., Shimazu A., Tsutsumi A.

Journal of Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health) 61 ( 2 ) 182 - 188 2019.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13419145

© 2019 Japan Society for Occupational Health. Objectives: The aims of the study were to investigate the association between working hours, work engagement, and work productivity, and to examine if work engagement moderates the influence of working hours on work productivity. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the Japanese occupational cohort survey, which involved 2093 employees in a manufacturing industry. Working hours were self-reported by the study participants. Work productivity was assessed with absolute presenteeism based on the scale of the validated Japanese version of World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO-HPQ). Work engagement was assessed with the Nine-item Utrecht work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of working hours and work engagement with work productivity. We also carried out stratified multivariable regression analysis separately for those with high-work engagement and those with low-work engagement. Results: Working >40 to 50 hours per week and >50 hours per week were significantly positively associated with work productivity in univariate analysis. However, the significant association no longer held after adjusting for work engagement. Work engagement was positively associated with work productivity even after controlling for potential confounders. Working hours were not significantly associated with work productivity among those with high-work engagement or among those with low-work engagement. Conclusions: Working hours did not have any significant associations with work productivity when taking work engagement into account. Work engagement did not moderate the influence of working hours on work productivity, though it attenuated the relationship between working hours and work productivity.

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榊原圭子, 島津明人

産業医学ジャーナル (産業医学振興財団) 42 ( 1 ) 54 - 57 2019.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0388-337X

Factors associated with preschool workers' willingness to continue working

Tayama Jun, Yoshida Yuri, Iwanaga Ryoichiro, Tokunaga Akiko, Tanaka Goro, Imamura Akira, Shimazu Akihito, Shirabe Susumu

Medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) 97 ( 49 ) e13530 2018.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 00257974

In industrialized countries, the turnover rate of preschool workers is extremely high and now represents a social problem. Consequently, it has become important to promote stable early care and educational environments for this population. Several factors related to working environments are known to affect turnover intention; however, the specific factors related to turnover intention among preschool workers have not yet been identified. Considering this, the objective of the present study was to determine factors associated with preschool workers' willingness to continue working.The participants of this study were 1137 preschool workers based in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the participants' data,with willingness to continue working for 5 years or more set as the dependent variable.Analysis of the results for all subjects clearly showed that male sex, older age, good mental health, high number of social supports, and good work engagement have a positive effect on willingness to continue working. Further, stratifying the participants in terms of age revealed that for preschool workers under 39 years, male sex,good mental health, high number of social supports, and good work engagement act positively in regard to willingness to continue working. Meanwhile, for those over 40 years, it was found that permanent employment and good work engagement act positively in this regard. Thus, work engagement was the only common factor between preschool workers under 39 and over 40.The findings of this cross-sectional study demonstrate that the factors associated with willingness to continue working among preschool workers differ between younger and older professionals. These findings underline the importance of considering age categories when attempting to maximize such professionals' willingness to continue working.

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Is too much work engagement detrimental? Linear or curvilinear effects on mental health and job performance

Shimazu A., Schaufeli W., Kubota K., Watanabe K., Kawakami N.

PLoS ONE (PLoS ONE) 13 ( 12 ) e0208684 2018.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1932-6203

© 2018 Shimazu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Most studies report a positive relationship of work engagement with health and job performance, but, occasionally, a “dark side of engagement” has also been uncovered. The current study examined two hypotheses: whether work engagement has (1) a U-shaped curvilinear relation with psychological distress and (2) an inverted U-shaped curvilinear relation with job performance (i.e., in-role performance and creative behavior). A two-wave longitudinal Internet survey with a time lag of seven months was conducted among 1,967 Japanese employees. To test our hypotheses, we used a two-wave panel design and examined the lagged and concurrent relations between work engagement and both outcomes. The results confirmed that work engagement had a curvilinear relation with psychological distress concurrently; a favorable effect was found initially, but this disappeared at intermediate levels of work engagement, and, at higher levels, an adverse effect became prominent. In addition, work engagement had a curvilinear relation with in-role performance both concurrently and longitudinally; the higher the levels of work engagement, the stronger the favorable effects on in-role performance. However, contrary to our expectations, work engagement had a linear relation with psychological distress longitudinally and with creative behavior both concurrently and longitudinally. Hence, our results suggest that work engagement plays a different role in health enhancement compared to performance enhancement. Leveling-off and adverse effects of high work engagement were observed for psychological distress in the short and not in a long run. In contrast, no leveling-off effect of high work engagement was observed for job performance. Thus, except for the short-term effect on psychological distress, no dark side of work engagement was observed for psychological distress and job performance.

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Watanabe K., Sakuraya A., Kawakami N., Imamura K., Ando E., Asai Y., Eguchi H., Kobayashi Y., Nishida N., Arima H., Shimazu A., Tsutsumi A.

Obesity Reviews (Obesity Reviews) 19 ( 11 ) 1557 - 1568 2018.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 14677881

© 2018 World Obesity Federation Background: Work-related psychosocial factors have been associated with metabolic syndrome. However, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have evaluated this association. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted, using PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and the Japan Medical Abstracts Society. Eligible studies included those that examined the previously mentioned association; had a longitudinal or prospective cohort design; were conducted among workers; provided sufficient data for calculating odds ratios, relative risks or hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals; were original articles in English or Japanese; and were published no later than 2016. Study characteristics, exposure and outcome variables and association measures of studies were extracted by the investigators independently. Results: Among 4,664 identified studies, 8 were eligible for review and meta-analysis. The pooled risk of adverse work-related stress on metabolic syndrome onset was significant and positive (RR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.22–1.78). Sensitivity analyses limiting only the effects of job strain and shift work also indicated a significant positive relationship (RR = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.09–2.79; and RR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.00–2.54, P = 0.049 respectively). Conclusion: This study reveals a strong positive association between work-related psychosocial factors and an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome onset. The effects of job strain and shift work on metabolic syndrome appear to be significant.

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企業で働いている精神障害者におけるワーク・エンゲイジメントの影響要因の検討

徳丸史郎, 島津明人, 森越まや, 坂本光司

産業精神保健 ((一社)日本産業精神保健学会) 26 ( 4 ) 398 - 408 2018.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1340-2862

勤務間インターバルと疲労回復に関する縦断研究

高橋正也, 久保智英, 井澤修平, 三木圭一, 原谷隆史, 土屋政雄, 倉林るみい, 島津明人, 田中克俊, 池田大樹

労働安全衛生総合研究所特別研究報告 ((独)労働者健康安全機構労働安全衛生総合研究所) ( 48 ) 19 - 24 2018.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1882-8329

労働者の疲労回復を促進する対策に関する研究

高橋正也, 久保智英, 井澤修平, 三木圭一, 原谷隆史, 土屋政雄, 倉林るみい, 島津明人, 田中克俊, 池田大樹

労働安全衛生総合研究所特別研究報告 ((独)労働者健康安全機構労働安全衛生総合研究所) ( 48 ) 1 - 10 2018.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1882-8329

DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING MATERIALS TO IMPROVE THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS THAT MEDICAL STUDENTS SHOULD POSSESS TO PREVENT SUICIDE

Tsutsumi Akizumi, Chiba Hiroki, Moriya Rika, Inoue Akiomi, Shimazu Akihito

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE 25 S46 - S46 2018.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

WIFE'S HAPPINESS OR DISTRESS? WHICH IS AFFECTING THE HUSBAND'S MENTAL HEALTH?

Iwata Noboru, Shimazu Akihito, Fujiwara Takeo, Kawakami Norito, Shimada Kyoko, Takahashi Masaya, Tokita Masahito, Watai Izumi

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE 25 S25 - S25 2018.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

活き活き職場をつくるワーク・エンゲイジメントの視点で職場を再点検しよう (特集塩漬け人事よ、さようなら! ワーク・エンゲイジメントで活き活きした職場をつくる!)

島津明人

Nursing business = ナーシングビジネス (メディカ出版) 12 ( 10 ) 872 - 877 2018.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1881-5766

Short-term and long-term effects of off-job activities on recovery and sleep: A two-wave panel study among health care employees

de Jonge J., Shimazu A., Dollard M.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health) 15 ( 9 ) 2018.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 16617827

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This study examined whether particular recovery activities after work have a positive or negative effect on employee recovery from work (i.e., cognitive, emotional, and physical detachment) and sleep quality. We used a two-wave panel study of 230 health care employees which enabled looking at both short-term and long-term effects (i.e., two-year time interval). Gender, age, marital status, children at home, education level, management position, and working hours were used as control variables. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that work-related off-job activities were negatively associated with cognitive and emotional detachment in both the short and long run, whereas low-effort off-job activities were positively related to cognitive detachment in the short run. Moreover, household/care off-job activities were positively related to sleep quality in the long run, whereas physical off-job activities were negatively associated with sleep quality in the long run. The long-term findings existed beyond the strong effects of baseline detachment and sleep quality. This study highlights the importance of off-job recovery activities for health care employees’ detachment from work and sleep quality. Practical implications and avenues for further research are discussed.

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Psychosocial factors at work and inflammatory markers: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Eguchi H., Watanabe K., Kawakami N., Ando E., Arima H., Asai Y., Inoue A., Inoue R., Iwanaga M., Imamura K., Kobayashi Y., Nishida N., Otsuka Y., Sakuraya A., Tsuno K., Shimazu A., Tsutsumi A.

BMJ Open (BMJ Open) 8 ( 8 ) e022612 2018.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 2044-6055

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Introduction Chronic inflammation may be a mediator for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic diseases and psychotic and neurodegenerative disorders. Meta-analytic associations between work-related psychosocial factors and inflammatory markers have shown that work-related psychosocial factors could affect the flexibility and balance of the immune system. However, few systematic reviews or meta-analyses have investigated the association between work-related psychosocial factors and inflammatory markers. Based on prospective studies, the present investigation will conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between work-related psychosocial factors and inflammatory markers. Methods and analysis The systematic review and meta-analysis will include published studies identified from electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science and Japan Medical Abstracts Society) according to recommendations of the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline. Inclusion criteria are studies that: Examined associations between work-related psychosocial factors and increased inflammatory markers; used longitudinal or prospective cohort designs; were conducted among workers; provided sufficient data for calculating ORs or relative risk with 95% CIs; were published as original articles in English or Japanese; and were published up to the end of 2017. Study selection, data extraction, quality assessment and statistical syntheses will be conducted by 14 investigators. Any inconsistencies or disagreements will be resolved through discussion. The quality of studies will be evaluated using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies. Ethics and dissemination The investigation study will be based on published studies, so ethics approval is not required. The results of this study will be submitted for publication in a scientific peer-reviewed journal. The findings may be useful for assessing risk factors for increased inflammatory markers in the workplace and determining future approaches for preventing CVD, metabolic diseases and psychotic and neurodegenerative disorders. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018081553.

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Differences in the effect of Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for improving nonclinical depressive symptoms among workers by time preference: Randomized controlled trial

Imamura K., Furukawa T., Matsuyama Y., Shimazu A., Kuribayashi K., Kasai K., Kawakami N.

Journal of Medical Internet Research (Journal of Medical Internet Research) 20 ( 8 ) e10231 2018.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1438-8871

© Kotaro Imamura, Toshi A Furukawa, Yutaka Matsuyama, Akihito Shimazu, Kazuto Kuribayashi, Kiyoto Kasai, Norito Kawakami. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 10.08.2018. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Background: Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown a significant intervention effect of internet-based computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) on improving nonclinical depressive symptoms among healthy workers and community residents in a primary prevention setting. Time preference is one's relative valuation for having a reward (eg, money) at present than at a later date. Time preference may affect the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy. Objective: This RCT aimed to test the difference of intervention effect of an iCBT program on improving nonclinical depressive symptoms between two subgroups classified post-hoc on the basis of time preference among workers in Japan. Methods: All workers in one corporate group (approximate n=20,000) were recruited. Participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to either intervention or control groups. Participants in the intervention group completed 6 weekly lessons and homework assignments within the iCBT program. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale (K6) measures were obtained at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Two subgroups were defined by the median of time preference score at baseline. Results: Only few (835/20,000, 4.2%) workers completed the baseline survey. Of the 835 participants, 706 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. Participants who selected irrational time preference options were excluded (21 and 18 participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively). A three-way interaction (group [intervention/control] × time [baseline/follow-up] × time preference [higher/lower]) effect of iCBT was significant for BDI-II (t1147.42=2.33, P=.02) and K6 (t1254.04=2.51, P=.01) at the 3-month follow-up, with a greater effect of the iCBT in the group with higher time preference. No significant three-way interaction was found at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Conclusions: The effects of the iCBT were greater for the group with higher time preference at the shorter follow-up, but it was leveled off later. Workers with higher time preference may change their cognition or behavior more quickly, but these changes may not persist.

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ワーク・エンゲイジメントと産業保健心理学の国際動向 (特集広がる産業安全保健の国際協力)

島津明人

労働の科学 = Digest of science of labour (大原記念労働科学研究所) 73 ( 8 ) 462 - 465 2018.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0035-7774

Support for Self-Care of Individual Workers in Conjunction with Stress Check Program and Interview Manual for Occupational Health Staff

島津明人

ストレス科学 = The Japanese journal of stress sciences : 日本ストレス学会誌 (日本ストレス学会) 32 ( 4 ) 362 - 367 2018.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1349-4813

The impact of being bullied at school on psychological distress and work engagement in a community sample of adult workers in Japan

Iwanaga M., Imamura K., Shimazu A., Kawakami N.

PLoS ONE (PLoS ONE) 13 ( 5 ) e0197168 2018.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1932-6203

© 2018 Iwanaga et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term impact of being bullied at school on current psychological distress and work engagement in adulthood among Japanese workers. We hypothesized that workers who had been bullied at school could have higher psychological distress and lower work engagement compared to those who had not been bullied. Methods We used data from the Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood (J-SHINE) project, conducted from July 2010 to February 2011 in Japan. This survey randomly selected the local residents around a metropolitan area in Japan. Of 13,920 adults originally selected, 4,317 people participated this survey, and the total response rate was 31%. The self-administered questionnaires assessed current psychological distress (K6), work engagement (UWES), the experiences of being bullied in elementary or junior high school and other covariates. Statistical analyses were conducted only for workers. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between experiences of being bullied at school and psychological distress/work engagement, with six steps. Result Statistical analysis was conducted for 3,111 workers. The number of respondents who reported being bullied in elementary or junior high school was 1,318 (42%). We found that the experience of being bullied at school was significantly associated with high psychological distress in adulthood (β = .079, p = < .0001); however, the work engagement scores of respondents who were bullied were significantly higher than for people who were not bullied at school (β = .068, p = < .0001), after adjusting all covariates. Conclusion Being bullied at school was positively associated with both psychological distress and work engagement in a sample of workers. Being bullied at school may be a predisposing factor for psychological distress, as previously reported. The higher levels of work engagement among people who experienced being bullied at school may be because some of them might have overcome the experience to gain more psychological resilience.

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産業保健国内関連ニュース第24回日本行動医学会学術総会

島田恭子, 島津明人

産業医学ジャーナル (産業医学振興財団) 41 ( 3 ) 43 - 46 2018.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0388-337X

ストレスチェック制度施行開始1年度の実施状況、有用性および課題　労働者へのインターネット調査

浅井裕美, 今村幸太郎, 堤明純, 島津明人, 井上彰臣, 廣尚典, 小田切優子, 吉川徹, 吉川悦子, 川上憲人

産業ストレス研究 (日本産業ストレス学会) 25 ( 2 ) 257 - 271 2018.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1340-7724

座談会働き方改革とコンサルティング

島津明人, 山本勲, 吉川徹, 春木宥子, 森晃爾

安全衛生コンサルタント : 一般社団法人日本労働安全衛生コンサルタント会機関誌 (日本労働安全衛生コンサルタント会) 38 ( 126 ) 6 - 26 2018.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Stress Check Program : Evidence from Workplace Surveys

井上彰臣, 川上憲人, 島津明人, 堤明純

ストレス科学 = The Japanese journal of stress sciences : 日本ストレス学会誌 (日本ストレス学会) 32 ( 3 ) 235 - 246 2018.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1349-4813

ストレスチェック制度　実施方法と制度導入に関する科学的根拠　ストレスチェック制度の効果評価　事業場調査から

井上彰臣, 川上憲人, 島津明人, 堤明純

ストレス科学 (日本ストレス学会) 32 ( 3 ) 235 - 246 2018.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1349-4813

我々は、2015(平成27)年12月1日より義務化された「ストレスチェック制度」の導入による労働者の心理的な負担(仕事のストレス要因、周囲のサポート、心身のストレス反応)の変化を定量的に評価し、本制度が労働者のメンタルヘルス不調の未然防止(一次予防)に寄与しているかを明らかにすることを目的に、3年間(2015〜2017年度)の研究期間において、3つの事業場を対象に、労働者に対する自記式質問紙調査および産業医に対する面接調査を実施した。その結果、必ずしも「ストレスチェック制度」の導入によって、労働者の心理的な負担が軽減されたとはいえなかった。本研究では、その要因を詳細に検討することはできなかったが、集団分析の結果に基づく職場環境改善活動が実施されなかったことや、人事異動に伴うメンバー構成の変化、デフレーションに伴う企業業績の悪化などが結果に影響を及ぼした可能性が考えられた。今後、このような各事業場の背景事情を踏まえながら、「ストレスチェック制度」による労働者の心理的な負担の経年変化をみていく必要がある。(著者抄録)

Effect of the National Stress Check Program on mental health among workers in Japan: A 1-year retrospective cohort study

Imamura K., Asai Y., Watanabe K., Tsutsumi A., Shimazu A., Inoue A., Hiro H., Odagiri Y., Yoshikawa T., Yoshikawa E., Kawakami N.

Journal of Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health) 60 ( 4 ) 298 - 306 2018

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13419145

© 2018 Japan Society for Occupational Health. Objectives: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the impact of the Stress Check Program, a recently introduced national policy and program aimed at reducing psychological distress among Japanese workers. Methods: A baseline survey was conducted from November 2015 to February 2016, the period when Japan began enforcing the Stress Check Program. A oneyear follow-up survey was conducted in December 2016. In the follow-up survey, two exposure variables were collected: having taken the annual stress survey, and experiencing an improvement in the psychosocial work environment. Psychological distress was assessed using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) at baseline and 1-year follow-up. The two exposure variables were used to define four groups: "Neither", "Stress survey (SS) only ", " Psychosocial work environment improvement (WI) only", and "Both". BJSQ results were analyzed using repeated measures general linear modeling (GLM). Results: The study included 2,492 participants: 1,342 in the "Neither" group, 1,009 in the "SS only" group, 76 in the "WI only" group, and 65 in the "Both" group. Overall time-group interaction effects were not significant. The "Both" group showed significantly greater improvements in psychological distress than the "Neither" group (p = 0.02) at the 1-year follow-up, although the effect size was small (d = -0.14). Conclusions: Combination of the annual stress survey and improvement in psychosocial work environment may have been effective in reducing psychological distress in workers, although the effect size was small.

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A Japanese Stress Check Program screening tool predicts employee long-term sickness absence: a prospective study.

Akizumi Tsutsumi, Akihito Shimazu, Hisashi Eguchi, Akiomi Inoue, Norito Kawakami

Journal of occupational health (WILEY) 60 ( 1 ) 55 - 63 2018

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13419145

OBJECTIVES: On December 1, 2015, the Japanese government launched the Stress Check Program, a new occupational health policy to screen employees for high psychosocial stress in the workplace. As only weak evidence exists for the effectiveness of the program, we sought to estimate the risk of stress-associated long-term sickness absence as defined in the program manual. METHODS: Participants were 7356 male and 7362 female employees in a financial service company who completed the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ). We followed them for 1 year and used company records to identify employees with sickness absence of 1 month or longer. We defined high-risk employees using the BJSQ and criteria recommended by the program manual. We used the Cox proportional regression model to evaluate the prospective association between stress and long-term sickness absence. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, we identified 34 male and 35 female employees who took long-term sickness absence. After adjustment for age, length of service, job type, position, and post-examination interview, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident long-term sickness absence in high-stress employees were 6.59 (3.04-14.25) for men and 2.77 (1.32-5.83) for women. The corresponding population attributable risks for high stress were 23.8% (10.3-42.6) for men and 21.0% (4.6-42.1) for women. CONCLUSIONS: During the 1-year follow-up, employees identified as high stress (as defined by the Stress Check Program manual) had significantly elevated risks for long-term sickness absence.

The Japanese Workplace PERMA-Profiler: A validation study among Japanese workers

Watanabe K., Kawakami N., Shiotani T., Adachi H., Matsumoto K., Imamura K., Matsumoto K., Yamagami F., Fusejima A., Muraoka T., Kagami T., Shimazu A., Kern M.

Journal of Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health) 60 ( 5 ) 383 - 393 2018

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13419145

© Article author(s). Objectives: Although well-being at work is important for occupational health, multi-dimensional workplace well-being measures do not exist for Japanese workers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the Japanese version of the Workplace PERMA-Profiler. Methods: Japanese workers completed online surveys at baseline (N = 310) and 1 month later (N = 100) . The Workplace PERMA-Profiler was translated according to international guidelines. Job and life satisfaction, work engagement, psychological distress, work-related psychosocial factors, and work performance were measured as comparisons for convergent validity. Cronbach's alphas, Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICCs), and measurement errors were calculated for the reliability, and the validity of the measure was tested by correlational analyses and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: A total of 310 (baseline) and 86 (follow-up) workers responded and were included in the analyses. Cronbach's alphas and ICCs of the Japanese Workplace PERMA-Profiler ranged from 0.75 to 0.96. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 5-factor model demonstrated a marginally acceptable fit (χ2 (80) = 351.30, CFI = 0.892, TLI = 0.858, RMSEA = 0.105, SRMR = 0.051). Overall well-being and the five PERMA domains had moderate-to-strong correlations with job satisfaction, psychological distress (inversely), and workrelated factors. Conclusions: The Japanese version of the Workplace PERMA-Profiler demonstrated adequate reliability and validity. This measure could be useful to assess well-being at work, promote well-being research among Japanese workers, and address the problem of definition for well-being in further studies.

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Group Analysis of the Stress Check Survey and Improvement of Work Environment: Towards a Strategic Use of Stress Check Program

SHIMAZU Akihito

Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine (The Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine) 23 ( 2 ) 98 - 102 2018

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

The Japanese government has launched a new occupational health policy called the Stress Check Program.In the program, employers are obligated to analyze the Stress Check data in relevant groups and to utilize the data to improve the psychosocial work environment. This article discuss about how to utilize Stress Check Program to achieve healthy workplaces. I first introduced the concept and procedures of work environment improvement in the program and, then, moved to critical review of them. Finally, I illustrated a strategic use of Stress Check Program to achieve really healthy workplaces.

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ストレスチェックの戦略的活用 : 職場環境改善から活性化対策へ (特集職場のメンタルヘルスは今)

島津明人

心と社会 (日本精神衛生会) 49 ( 3 ) 36 - 43 2018

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0023-2807

Facilitating recovery from fatigue at work

高橋正也, 久保智英, 井澤修平, 三木圭一, 原谷隆史, 土屋政雄, 倉林るみい, 島津明人, 田中克俊, 池田大樹

労働安全衛生総合研究所特別研究報告 (労働安全衛生総合研究所) ( 48 ) 1 - 10 2018

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1882-8329

勤務間インターバルと疲労回復に関する縦断研究 (労働者の疲労回復を促進する対策に関する研究)

高橋正也, 久保智英, 井澤修平, 三木圭一, 原谷隆史, 土屋政雄, 倉林るみい, 島津明人, 田中克俊, 池田大樹

労働安全衛生総合研究所特別研究報告 (労働安全衛生総合研究所) ( 48 ) 19 - 24 2018

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1882-8329

Generation of presentation motion using sequence to sequence model

SHIMAZU Akihito, HIEIDA Chie, NAGAI Takayuki, NAKAMURA Tomoaki, TAKEDA Yuki, HARA Takenori, NAKAGAWA Osamu, MAEDA Tsuyoshi

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of JSAI (The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence) 2018 ( 0 ) 2G103 - 2G103 2018

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

In the presentation, gestures play a very important role as a means of improving the information transmission effect. Moreover, it was shown that the movement expressing the enthusiasm and intention of the presenter in an unconscious manner affects the success of the presentation and the impression on the audience. For these reasons, it is required for presentation robots to perform such movements; however, manual design of these movements is not an easy task. In this research, we propose a method to learn relationship between speech prosodic information and motion using a sequence to sequence model, and directly generate appropriate motions from prosodic information. This paper also proposes a method for generating motions representing meanings of specific words.

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Positive Mental Health in the Workplace and Behavioral Medicine:―Healthy Workplaces and Employees in Terms of Work Engagement―

Shimazu Akihito

Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine (Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine) 58 ( 3 ) 261 - 266 2018

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0385-0307

In recent years, socioeconomic conditions around workers and organizations have rapidly been changing, such as changes in industry structure and working style, and advancement of information technology. These changes of working condition call for being more healthy and productive from workers. This article focuses on work engagement, as a key concept to achieve both health promotion and productivity improvement. I first define work engagement which consists of vigor, dedication, and absorption, and introduced the theoretical model of Job Demands-Resources model which integrates antecedents and outcomes of work engagement. Then, I referred to strategies to achieve a healthy work place and employees in terms of behavioral medicine.

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Pokémon GO and psychological distress, physical complaints, and work performance among adult workers: A retrospective cohort study

Watanabe K., Kawakami N., Imamura K., Inoue A., Shimazu A., Yoshikawa T., Hiro H., Asai Y., Odagiri Y., Yoshikawa E., Tsutsumi A.

Scientific Reports (Scientific Reports) 7 ( 1 ) 10758 2017.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 2045-2322

© 2017 The Author(s). The effects of Pokémon GO, a new mobile game application which utilizes augmented reality, on risky behavior and health have already been discussed in anecdotal evidence. However, there have been no studies about its effects on mental health. This study investigated the relationships between Pokémon GO and psychological distress from an existing workers' cohort in Japan. Online surveys were conducted to 3,915 full-time workers, at baseline (Nov 26, 2015-Feb 18, 2016) and at follow-up (Dec 1-4, 2016), using a self-report questionnaire. Pokémon GO players were defined as participants who had played Pokémon GO for one month or longer. Psychological distress was measured using validated scales. Of the completers, 246 (9.7%) had continued to play Pokémon GO. They were significantly younger than non-players. From the results of the general linear modeling, improvement in psychological distress was significantly greater among Pokémon GO players than among non-players (p = 0.025). Cohen's d for the difference in psychological distress was -0.20 (95% CI, -0.33, -0.07). Pokémon GO may be effective for improving psychological distress among workers. Although its effect size is small, the game could have positive effects on the mental health of the adult working population.

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Working conditions and individual differences are weakly associated with Workaholism: A 2-3-year prospective study of shift-working nurses

Andreassen C., Bakker A., Bjorvatn B., Moen B., Magerøy N., Shimazu A., Hetland J., Pallesen S.

Frontiers in Psychology (Frontiers in Psychology) 8 ( NOV ) 2045 2017.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1664-1078

© 2017 Andreassen, Bakker, Bjorvatn, Moen, Magerøy, Shimazu, Hetland and Pallesen. This study focuses on individual differences and the demand-support-control model in relation to workaholism. We hypothesized that unfavorable working conditions (high job demands, low job control/decision latitude, and low social support at work) and individual differences concerning sleep/wake-related variables (high flexibility, high morningness, and low languidity) would be related to workaholism measured 2-3 years later. Survey data stemmed from a prospective cohort of shift-working nurses (N = 1,308). The results showed that social support at work was negatively related to workaholism, whereas job demands were positively related to workaholism. Flexibility in terms of time for working/sleeping was also positively related to workaholism. The analyses further revealed that workaholism was inversely associated with age as well as having a child or having a child move in. Conjointly, the independent variables explained 6.4% of the variance in workaholism, while their relative importance was small overall. After controlling for all other independent variables, high job demands had the strongest relationship (small-to-medium) with workaholism. This implies that less pressure from the external environment to work excessively hard may prevent an increase in workaholic behaviors. Overall, the study adds to our understanding of the relationships between working conditions, individual differences, and workaholism.

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Stress check program and support for self-care

島津明人

医学のあゆみ (医歯薬出版) 263 ( 3 ) 246 - 250 2017.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0039-2359

ワーク・エンゲイジメントを高める組織づくり : 人事院「平成二八年度年次報告書」に寄せて

島津明人

人事院月報 : 公務員関係情報誌 (日経印刷) 70 ( 10 ) 2 - 5 2017.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0446-4893

The relationship between work engagement and psychological distress of hospital nurses and the perceived communication behaviors of their nurse managers: A cross-sectional survey

Kunie K., Kawakami N., Shimazu A., Yonekura Y., Miyamoto Y.

International Journal of Nursing Studies (International Journal of Nursing Studies) 71 115 - 124 2017.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 00207489

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd Background Communication between nurse managers and nurses is important for mental health of hospital nurses. Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between managers’ communication behaviors toward nurses, and work engagement and psychological distress among hospital nurses using a multilevel model. Design The present study was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Settings The participants were nurses working at three hospitals in Japan. Participants A total of 906 nurses from 38 units participated in the present study. The units with small staff sizes and participants with missing entries in the questionnaire were excluded. The data for 789 nurses from 36 questionnaire survey units were analyzed. Method A survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted. The questionnaire asked staff nurses about communication behaviors of their immediate manager and their own levels of work engagement, psychological distress, and other covariates. Three types of manager communication behaviors (i.e., direction-giving, empathetic, and meaning-making language) were assessed using the Motivating Language scale; and the scores of the respondents were averaged for each unit to calculate unit-level scores. Work engagement and psychological distress were measured using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the K6 scale, respectively. The association of communication behaviors by unit-level managers with work engagement and psychological distress among nurses was analyzed using two-level hierarchical linear modeling. Results The unit-level scores for all three of the manager communication behaviors were significantly and positively associated with work engagement among nurses (p < 0.05). This association was smaller and non-significant after adjusting for the psychosocial work environment. The individual levels of all three of the manager communication behaviors were also significantly and positively associated with work engagement (p < 0.05). None of the three manager communication behaviors was significantly associated with psychological distress (p > 0.05). Conclusion Motivating language by unit-level managers might be positively associated with work engagement among hospital nurses, which is mediated through the better psychosocial work environment of the unit.

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Workplace social capital and the onset of major depressive episode among workers in Japan: A 3-year prospective cohort study

Sakuraya A., Imamura K., Inoue A., Tsutsumi A., Shimazu A., Takahashi M., Totsuzaki T., Kawakami N.

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health) 71 ( 6 ) 606 - 612 2017.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0143005X

Background This study examined the prospective association of workplace social capital (WSC) with major depressive episode (MDE) among Japanese employees. Methods A 3-year prospective cohort study was conducted among 1058 employees from a private thinktank company who participated in a baseline survey; after excluding those with MDE in the past 12 months, 929 were followed up. WSC at baseline was measured using a 3-item scale. MDE was assessed at baseline and at follow-up every year, by using a web-based, selfadministered version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) 3.0 depression section, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition: Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)/DSM-5 criteria. Cox discretetime hazards analyses were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs, adjusting for covariates. Results A group with middle-level WSC scores had the lowest risk of MDE after being fully adjusted (HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.84, p=0.02). The relationship between WSC and MDE was U-shaped, although a nonlinear model fit better than a linear model, with only marginally statistical significance (p=0.06). Dichotomised and continuous variables of WSC scores were significantly and negatively associated with MDE (p=0.03 and p<0.01, respectively). Conclusions The current study replicated a previous finding from Finland that WSC was a protective factor of the onset of MDE in Japan. The slightly U-shaped relationship, that is, the group with high WSC having a small elevated risk of MDE, may reflect a dark side of WSC in a country with collectivity-oriented and hierarchy-oriented culture, such as Japan.

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Sakuraya A., Watanabe K., Kawakami N., Imamura K., Ando E., Asai Y., Eguchi H., Kobayashi Y., Nishida N., Arima H., Shimazu A., Tsutsumi A.

BMJ Open (BMJ Open) 7 ( 6 ) e016716 2017.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 2044-6055

© 2017 Article author(s). All rights reserved. Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is an important public health target because of its high prevalence worldwide. Work-related psychosocial factors have been identified as determinants of metabolic syndrome components. However, there have been no systematic reviews or meta-analyses conducted to evaluate the relationship between work-related psychosocial factors and metabolic syndrome as an aggregated cluster. The aim of this study is to examine this association from published prospective studies. Methods and analysis: The systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted using published studies that will be identified from electronic databases (ie, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and Japan Medical Abstracts Society). Studies that (1) examined the association between work-related psychosocial factors and the onset of metabolic syndrome, (2) had a longitudinal or prospective cohort design, (3) were conducted among workers, (4) provided sufficient data for calculating ORs or relative risk with a 95% CI, (5) were published as original articles written in English or Japanese, and (6) having been published until the end of 2016 will be included. Study selection, data collection, quality assessment and statistical syntheses will be conducted based on discussions among investigators. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval was not required for this study because it was based on published studies. The results and findings of this study will be submitted and published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal. The findings from this study could be useful for assessing metabolic syndrome risk factors in the workplace, and determining approaches for prevention of metabolic syndrome in the future.

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Not if, but how they differ: A meta-analytic test of the nomological networks of burnout and engagement

Goering D., Shimazu A., Zhou F., Wada T., Sakai R.

Burnout Research (Burnout Research) 5 21 - 34 2017.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 22130586

© 2017 The distinctiveness between work engagement and burnout has long been an issue of debate. To address this issue, we use a recently developed technique by Yu et al. (2016) to specify and test a meta-analytic structural equation model (MASEM) which accounts for the non-independence between engagement and burnout as well as the simultaneous effects of all relationships in our model, based on job demands-resources (JD-R) theory. We also estimate the degree of variability of these relationships across subpopulations. We report the findings as a distribution of effect size estimates—each estimate in the distribution representing the true effect size for a potential subpopulation—around the mean average estimate for each relationship in the model. Based on the findings, we conclude that overall burnout and engagement display empirically distinct relationships within the JD-R model (i.e., they are not antipodal), particularly in terms of antecedents. Perhaps most interestingly, rather than a polar opposite pattern of relationships, challenge demands have a similarly positive relationship to both burnout (ß = 0.35, SD = 0.10) and engagement (ß = 0.35, SD = 0.08), suggesting that challenge demands simultaneously lead—in equal force—to both engagement and burnout. In addition, the distributions of effect sizes are nearly identical for both relationships, indicating that this holds true for nearly all subpopulations. As expected, hindrance demands have a positive relationship with burnout (ß = 0.31, SD = 0.10) and have a relatively weak, negative relationship on average to engagement (ß = −0.07, SD = 0.07); work resources have a negative relationship with burnout (ß = −0.15, SD = 0.06) and are positively related to engagement, but in absolute terms they are a stronger predictor of engagement (ß = 0.33, SD = 0.05). In terms of outcomes, burnout and engagement predict a variety of behavioral and attitudinal outcomes differentially from one another, although the differences are less clear due to wide variation in effect sizes in the population. Future research directions are discussed alongside practical implications.

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Participatory approach for a healthy workplace in Japan

Shimazu A., Goering D.

The Routledge Companion to Wellbeing at Work (The Routledge Companion to Wellbeing at Work) 345 - 355 2017.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 9781138955943

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Educational Lecture : Work-Life Balance and Stress

島津明人

ストレス科学 = The Japanese journal of stress sciences : 日本ストレス学会誌 (日本ストレス学会) 31 ( 3 ) 173 - 182 2017.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1349-4813

Job crafting, work engagement, and psychological distress among Japanese employees: A cross-sectional study

Sakuraya A., Shimazu A., Eguchi H., Kamiyama K., Hara Y., Namba K., Kawakami N.

BioPsychoSocial Medicine (BioPsychoSocial Medicine) 11 ( 1 ) 6 2017.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1751-0759

© 2017 The Author(s). Background: Job crafting, an employee-initiated job design/redesign, has become important for employees' well-being. However, most studies on the relationship between job crafting and employees' well-being have been conducted in western countries; thus, it is unclear whether job crafting can be effectively applied to Asian cultures, such as Japan, which emphasizes group harmony. The aim of this study was to examine the cross-sectional associations of self-reported job crafting with work engagement and psychological distress among employees in Japan. Method: A questionnaire survey through the internet was conducted among all employees of a manufacturing company in Japan. We analyzed the data from 894 respondents, all employees with regular employment. Job crafting, work engagement, and psychological distress were assessed using the Japanese version of the Job Crafting Questionnaire, the Japanese version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), and the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ), respectively. Result: Hierarchical multiple regression showed that increasing structural job resources, social job resources, and challenging job demands was significantly and positively associated with work engagement (β = 0.31, p < 0.001; β = 0.14, p < 0.001; β = 0.36, p < 0.001, respectively). For psychological distress, increasing structural job resources was significantly and negatively associated with psychological distress (β = -0.15, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study suggests that increasing structural job resources is associated with higher work engagement and lower psychological distress. In addition, increasing social job resources and challenging job demands are also associated with higher work engagement.

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The impact of job and family demands on partner's fatigue: A study of Japanese dualearner parents

Watanabe M., Shimazu A., Bakker A., Demerouti E., Shimada K., Kawakami N.

PLoS ONE (PLoS ONE) 12 ( 2 ) e0172291 2017.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1932-6203

© 2017 Watanabe et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Objectives This study of Japanese dual-earner couples examined the impact of family and job demands on one's own and one's partner's fatigue as well as gender differences in these effects. Methods A total of 2,502 parents (1,251 couples) were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. A crossover model was tested using structural equation modeling. Results The results of structural equation modeling analyses showed that both job and family demands independently exacerbated fatigue. There was an indirect effect of job and family demands on partner fatigue through one's own fatigue only from husbands to wives. An indirect effect of job demands on partner fatigue through partner's family demands was identified only from wives to husbands. Furthermore, there were gender differences in the crossover of fatigue. Conclusions This study shows that job and family demands influence family circumstances. When considering means to reduce employees' fatigue, gender differences in the mechanism of fatigue need to be taken into account.

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子どもの情緒・行動問題およびワーク・ライフ・バランスと共働き夫婦の精神的健康・主観的幸福感との関連 : TWIN Study Ⅱデータによる横断的検討

時田征人, 島津明人, 藤原武男, 高橋正也, 岩田昇, 渡井いずみ, 島田恭子, 川上憲人

新情報 (新情報センター) 104 20 - 29 2017.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Effects of web-based stress and depression literacy intervention on improving work engagement among workers with low work engagement: An analysis of secondary outcome of a randomized controlled trial

Imamura K., Kawakami N., Tsuno K., Tsuchiya M., Shimada K., Namba K., Shimazu A.

Journal of Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health) 59 ( 1 ) 46 - 54 2017

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13419145

Objective: The purpose of this randomized, controlled trial was to examine the effects of a psychoeducational information website on improving work engagement among individual workers with low work engagement, where work engagement was measured as a secondary outcome. Methods: Participants were recruited from registered members of a web survey site in Japan. Participants who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were randomly allocated to intervention or control groups. Immediately after the baseline survey, the intervention group was invited to study a psychoeducational website called the "UTSMed," which provided general mental health literacy and cognitive behavioral skills. Work engagement was assessed by using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale at baseline, 1-, and 4-month follow-ups for both intervention and control groups. An exploratory analysis was conducted for a subgroup with low (lower than the median scores) work engagement scores at baseline. Results: A total of 1,236 workers completed the baseline survey. In the low work engagement subgroup, a total of 313 and 300 participants were allocated to an intervention and control group, respectively. In the high work engagement subgroup, 305 and 318 participants were allocated to an intervention and control group, respectively. The program showed a significant effect on work engagement (t = 1.98, P = 0.048) at the 4-month follow-up in the low work engagement subgroup, with a small effect size (d = 0.17). Conclusion: A web-based psychoeducation resource of mental health literacy and cognitive behavioral skills may be effective for improving work engagement among individual workers with low work engagement.

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Workplace incivility in Japan: Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the modified Work Incivility Scale

Tsuno K., Kawakami N., Shimazu A., Shimada K., Inoue A., Leiter M.

Journal of Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health) 59 ( 3 ) 237 - 246 2017

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13419145

Objectives: Although incivility is a common interpersonal mistreatment and associated with poor mental health, there are few studies about it in Asian countries. The aim of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the modified Work Incivility Scale ( JMWIS), investigate its reliability and validity, and reveal the prevalence of incivility among Japanese employees in comparison with data on Canadian employees. Methods: A total of 2,191 Japanese and 1,071 Canadian employees were surveyed, using either the J-MWIS or MWIS. Japanese employees additionally answered questions on civility, worksite social support, workplace bullying, psychological distress, intention to leave, and work engagement to investigate construct validity. Results: At least one form of workplace incivility was experienced by both Japanese ( 52.3% ) and Canadian (86.0%) employees in the previous month. Internal consistency reliability of the J-MWIS was acceptable (a= 0.71-0.81), and correlation analyses also confirmed its construct validity as expected. Workplace incivility was associated with lower workgroup civility, lower supervisor and coworker support, higher workplace bullying, higher psychological distress, higher intention to leave, and lower work engagement. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the original three-factor model (supervisor incivility, coworker incivility, and instigated incivility) fitted moderately in both Japan and Canada data, though the privacy/overfamiliarity factor was additionally extracted from exploratory factor analysis for the J-MWIS. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that the JMWIS has moderate internal consistency reliability and good construct validity.

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会長講演

島津明人

Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine (The Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine) 23 ( 0 ) 18 - 18 2017

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

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Towards a Healthy Working Life: How to Activate Organization and Employees in Terms of Work Engagement

SHIMAZU Akihito

Shinshinkenkoukagaku (The Japan Society of Health Sciences of Mind and Body) 13 ( 1 ) 20 - 22 2017

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1882-6881

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Work Engagement as a Predictor of Onset of Major Depressive Episode (MDE) among Workers, Independent of Psychological Distress: A 3-Year Prospective Cohort Study (vol 11, e0148157, 2016)

Imamura Kotaro, Kawakami Norito, Inoue Akiomi, Shimazu Akihito, Tsutsumi Akizumi, Takahashi Masaya, Totsuzaki Takafumi

PLOS ONE 11 ( 12 ) e0167862 2016.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1932-6203

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MODIFYING EFFECT OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON THE ASSOCIATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE WITH SERIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN JAPANESE EMPLOYEES: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Inoue A., Kawakami N., Shimazu A., Miyaki K., Takahashi M., Kurioka S., Eguchi H., Enta K., Kosugi Y., Sakata T., Totsuzaki T., Tsutsumi A.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE 23 S29 - S29 2016.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

How workaholism relates intimate partner's psychological distress : The mediating role of couple communication among Japanese dual-earner parents with preschool child (ren)

島田恭子, 島津明人, 川上憲人

行動医学研究 = Japanese journal of behavioral medicine : 日本行動医学会誌 (日本行動医学会編集委員会) 22 ( 2 ) 76 - 84 2016.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

未就学児を持つ共働き夫婦におけるワーカホリズムとパートナーの精神的健康との関連　夫婦間コミュニケーションの媒介効果の検討

島田恭子, 島津明人, 川上憲人

行動医学研究 (日本行動医学会) 22 ( 2 ) 076 - 084 2016.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

本研究では、未就学児を持つ日本人の共働き夫婦496組を対象に、ワーカホリズムとパートナーの精神的健康との関連における心理社会的メカニズムを検討した。ワーカホリズムがパートナーの精神的健康に影響を及ぼす心理社会的プロセスとしては、これまでに、パートナーのワーク・ライフ・バランスの悪化(家庭役割から仕事役割への葛藤の上昇)、パートナーへの社会的支援の低下、の2つのプロセスが明らかにされてきたが、本研究では、第3のプロセスとして、パートナーとのコミュニケーションに注目した。具体的には、自己のワーカホリズムが自己の心理的ストレス反応の上昇と職務満足感の低下を導き、パートナーとのネガティブなコミュニケーションを増加させることで、パートナーの心理的ストレス反応の上昇と家庭生活満足感の低下につながることを想定した。東京都某区の保育園に通わせる共働き夫婦を対象に自記式質問紙による調査を行った。想定した因果関係を共分散構造分析により分析し、モデル全体の妥当性を確認後、概念間の因果係数によりモデル各部の検証を行った。その結果、仮説モデルは男女ともに支持された。すなわち自己のワーカホリズムは、自己の心理的ストレス反応の上昇および職務満足感の低下を媒介して、パートナーへのネガティブなコミュニケーションの増加につながり、さらにパートナーの心理的ストレス反応の上昇とパートナーの生活満足感の低さにつながること、これらの関連は夫から妻、妻から夫のいずれの方向にも当てはまることが明らかになった。共働き夫婦のワーカホリズムに注目し、その影響が自己からパートナーへと至る心理社会的プロセスを大規模なカップルデータを用いて検討した本研究は、ワーカホリズムおよびワーク・ライフ・バランスに関する研究と実践に重要な示唆を与えるものと考えられる。(著者抄録)

ワーク・エングイジメント : 健康で活力ある組織づくりに向けて (特集国家公務員健康週間)

島津明人

人事院月報 (日経印刷) ( 806 ) 16 - 19 2016.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0446-4893

Job Demands-Resource Model and Work Engagement

島津明人, Goering Daniel

ストレス科学 : 日本ストレス学会誌 (日本ストレス学会) 31 ( 1 ) 21 - 28 2016.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1349-4813

Psychological Detachment from Work during Nonwork Time: Linear or Curvilinear Relations with Mental Health and Work Engagement?

Shimazu Akihito, Matsudaira Ko, De Jonge Jan, Tosaka Naoya, Watanabe Kazuhiro, Takahashi Masaya

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 51 739 - 739 2016.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0020-7594

Worksite social support in work-place bullying and its mental health consequences: a national representative sample in Japan

Tsuno Kanami, Kawakami Norito, Inoue Akiomi, Shimazu Akihito, Tsutsumi Akizumi, Haratani Takashi, Odagiri Yuko, Yoshikawa Toru, Shimomitsu Teruichi

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 51 655 - 655 2016.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0020-7594

Psychological detachment from work during non-work time: Linear or curvilinear relations with mental health and work engagement?

Shimazu A., Matsudaira K., De Jonge J., Tosaka N., Watanabe K., Takahashi M.

Industrial Health (Industrial Health) 54 ( 3 ) 282 - 292 2016.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 00198366

© 2016 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. This study examined whether a higher level of psychological detachment during non-work time is associated with better employee mental health (Hypothesis 1), and examined whether psychological detachment has a curvilinear relation (inverted U-shaped pattern) with work engagement (Hypothesis 2). A large cross-sectional Internet survey was conducted among registered monitors of an Internet survey company in Japan. The questionnaire included scales for psychological detachment, employee mental health, and work engagement as well as for job characteristics and demographic variables as potential confounders. The hypothesized model was tested with moderated structural equation modeling techniques among 2,234 respondents working in the tertiary industries with regular employment. Results showed that psychological detachment had curvilinear relations with mental health as well as with work engagement. Mental health improved when psychological detachment increased from a low to higher levels but did not benefit any further from extremely high levels of psychological detachment. Work engagement showed the highest level at an intermediate level of detachment (inverted U-shaped pattern). Although high psychological detachment may enhance employee mental health, moderate levels of psychological detachment are most beneficial for his or her work engagement.

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ポジティブメンタルヘルス : ワーク・エンゲイジメントに注目したマネジメント (特集ポジティブ・マネジメント : いきいき働く職場づくり)

島津明人

病院 (医学書院) 75 ( 5 ) 344 - 347 2016.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0385-2377

Work engagement

島津明人

日本医師会雑誌 = The Journal of the Japan Medical Association (日本医師会) 144 ( 12 ) 2465 - 2468 2016.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0021-4493

Effects of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) among healthy workers: Current research evidence

Imamura K., Kawakami N., Shimazu A.

Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific: From Theory to Practice (Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific: From Theory to Practice) 257 - 265 2016.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 9783319443997

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. Previous research has shown that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in reducing work-related stress, preventing the onset of major depressive episodes, and increasing positive mental health among workers. An innovative way to deliver CBT-based treatment widely is by using computerized CBT (CCBT) and CCBT via the internet (iCBT). In this part, we will review and introduce the recent iCBT studies, and discuss the possibility of utilization of iCBT program in workplace.

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Development of the new brief job stress questionnaire

Inoue A., Kawakami N., Shimomitsu T., Tsutsumi A., Haratani T., Yoshikawa T., Shimazu A., Odagiri Y.

Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific: From Theory to Practice (Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific: From Theory to Practice) 225 - 247 2016.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 9783319443997

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. The present study aimed to investigate the reliability and construct validity of a new version of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (New BJSQ), which measures an extended set of psychosocial factors at work by adding new scales/items to the current version of the BJSQ. Additional scales/items were extensively collected from theoretical models of job stress and similar questionnaires in several countries. Scales/items were field-tested and refined through a pilot Internet survey. Finally, an 84-item standard version questionnaire, a 63-item recommended set, and a 23-item short version (141, 120, and 80 items in total when combined with the current 57-item BJSQ) were developed. A nationally representative survey was administered to employees in Japan (n = 1633) in 2010/2011 to examine the reliability and construct validity. As a result, most scales showed acceptable levels of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test-retest reliability over one year. Principal component analyses showed that the first factor explained 50 % or greater proportion of the variance in most scales. A scale factor analysis and a correlation analysis showed that these scales fit the proposed theoretical framework. These findings provided a piece of evidence that the New BJSQ scales are reliable and valid. The New BJSQ can be a useful instrument to evaluate psychosocial work environment and positive mental health outcomes in the workplace.

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Key contributions and future research directions

Shimazu A., Oakman J., Dollard M., Nordin R.

Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific: From Theory to Practice (Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific: From Theory to Practice) 361 - 369 2016.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 9783319443997

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. This chapter will refer to key contributions and future research directions on the basis of each chapter as a conclusion. The Asia Pacific is the world’s most populous region and many workers experience very poor work conditions and insecure employment. Yet in terms of global effort little attention is given to psychosocial factors at work in the region. The 19 chapters of the current book focused on practical approaches toward healthy workplaces and workers in the Asia Pacific. Multidisciplinary efforts to address worker occupational health were made by presenting examples of practical approaches from global or national perspectives, and examples involving specific conditions such as telework, small-medium sized enterprises, work in disaster areas, and workplace clients’ violence. The book begins with an introduction to issues relating to psychosocial factors at work in the Asia Pacific, building on the body of work presented in the first book: Psychosocial factors at work in the Asia Pacific (Dollard et al. 2014). In turn four major themes are addressed in the book.

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Guidelines for primary prevention for mental health at work

Tsutsumi A., Shimazu A.

Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific: From Theory to Practice (Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific: From Theory to Practice) 61 - 75 2016.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 9783319443997

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. Occupational health experts’ and practitioners’ evaluated systematic reviews of primary prevention measures for occupational mental health. A consensus meeting was held with the intent of developing primary prevention guidelines for mental health at work. Three preventive strategies were developed- improving the psychosocial work environment, self-care training, and supervisor training. For improving the psychosocial work environment, eight recommendations and four proposed items were developed across four domains. These four domains are planning and organization development, basic rules of implementation, proposals for effective improvement measures, and continued implementation. The guidelines for self-care training consist of four steps that coincide with the process of formulating and implementing measures to help individuals cope with stress (self-care) in the workplace. These four steps are planning and preparing, deciding what self-care entails, and making subsequent efforts. Six recommendations and four proposed items are provided for these four steps. The evidence-based guidelines for supervisor mental health training include ten recommendations and four proposed items. These guidelines recommend providing training to all supervisors, with a particular focus on high-priority populations, and on the needs and situation in the workplace. The training content should be tailored to the different management levels of supervisor groups but also provide basic information, such as explaining the national guidelines and the major occupational stress models. The training should aim to change supervisors’ behaviors and not just issue warnings. The guidelines also recommend providing supervisor training periodically (annually), because there is no evidence that the training effect lasts more than 6 months. We expect these guidelines to help to promote the adoption of evidence-based preventive strategies for the management of occupational mental health.

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State of the art: The context of psychosocial factors at work in the Asia Pacific?

Oakman J., Dollard M., Shimazu A., Nordin R.

Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific: From Theory to Practice (Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific: From Theory to Practice) 3 - 22 2016.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 9783319443997

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. The Asia Pacific is a rapidly growing region with a diverse range of countries, both developing and developed. Across the region there are significant cultural variations and different work practices, creating a range of challenges for those charged with the management of workplace health. This book addresses an important gap, by focusing on research in the Asia-Pacific region that explores psychosocial work environment issues that have a significant influence on worker health and productivity. Most research concerning psychosocial factors at work is from Europe or North America and the generalizability of the research and practical implications is not clear. Consequently, managers, occupational health and safety personnel, human resource professionals, occupational health psychology practitioners, and public health professionals in the Asia Pacific have relied on an evidence basis with largely untested validity. This book extends the work of the first edition, "Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific," applies and tests new and emerging theories, provides insights into different workplace issues pertinent to the Asia Pacific, and practical insights into the management of psychosocial factors in the workplace.

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Effects of a job crafting intervention program on work engagement among Japanese employees: A pretest-posttest study

Sakuraya, Y., Shimazu, A., Imamura, K., Namba, K., & Kawakami, N.

BMC Psychology (BMC Psychology) 4 ( 1 ) 49 - S149 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

© 2016 The Author(s). Background: Job crafting, an employee-initiated job design/redesign, has become important for employees' well-being such as work engagement. This study examined the effectiveness of a newly developed job crafting intervention program on work engagement (as primary outcome), as well as job crafting and psychological distress (as secondary outcomes), using a pretest-posttest study design among Japanese employees. Methods: Participants were managers of a private company and a private psychiatric hospital in Japan. The job crafting intervention program consisted of two 120-min sessions with a two-week interval between them. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (Time 1), post-intervention (Time 2), and a one-month follow-up (Time 3). The mixed growth model analyses were conducted using time (Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3) as an indicator of intervention effect. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d. Results: The program showed a significant positive effect on work engagement (t = 2.20, p = 0.03) in the mixed growth model analyses, but with only small effect sizes (Cohen's d = 0.33 at Time 2 and 0.26 at Time 3). The program also significantly improved job crafting (t = 2.36, p = 0.02: Cohen's d = 0.36 at Time 2 and 0.47 at Time 3) and reduced psychological distress (t = -2.06, p = 0.04: Cohen's d = -0.15 at Time 2 and -0.31 at Time 3). Conclusions: The study indicated that the newly developed job crafting intervention program was effective in increasing work engagement, as well as in improving job crafting and decreasing psychological distress, among Japanese managers. Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000024062. Retrospectively registered 15 September 2016.

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Validation of the Japanese version of the Job Crafting Scale

Eguchi, H.*, Shimazu, A.*, Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., Kamiyama, K., Hara, Y., Namba, K., Inoue, A., Ono, M., & Kawakami, N.

Journal of Occupational Health 58 231 - 240 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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Fatigue and sleep among employees with prospective increase in work time control: A 1-year observational study with objective assessment

Kubo, T., Takahashi, M., Xinxin, L., T Ikeda, H., Togo, F., Shimazu, A., Tanaka, K., Kamata, N., Kubo, Y., & Uesugi, J.

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine) 58 ( 11 ) 1066 - 1072 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 10762752

Copyright © 2016 American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. Objectives: This observational study aimed to determine how 1-year changes in work time control (WTC) have an impact upon objectively measured fatigue and sleep among employees. Methods: Thirty-nine employees were divided into two groups according to whether or not their WTC increased from baseline to 1 year later. Psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and wrist actigraphy were used to objectively measure fatigue and sleep, respectively. Self-reported outcomes were also measured. Results: The increased WTC group showed gradual improvements in PVT performance and sleep quality over the course of the follow-up period compared with the not-increased WTC group. Between-group differences were statistically significant for PVT lapses and tended to be significant for PVT speed after 1 year. Conclusions: A progressive increase in WTC could play a crucial role in reducing fatigue and promoting sleep among employees.

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Association of parental workaholism and body mass index of offspring: A prospective study among Japanese dual workers

Fujiwara, T., Shimazu, A., Tokita, M., Shimada, K., Takahashi, M., Watai, I., Iwata, N., & Kawakami, N.

Frontiers in Public Health 4 ( 41 ) doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00041 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Association between parental workaholism and body mass index of offspring: A prospective study among Japanese dual workers

Fujiwara T., Shimazu A., Tokita M., Shimada K., Takahashi M., Watai I., Iwata N., Kawakami N.

Frontiers in Public Health (Frontiers in Public Health) 4 41 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 2296-2565

© 2016 Frontiers Media S. A. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between parental workaholism and child body mass index (BMI) among Japanese dual-income families. In 2011, 379 dual-income families from urban Tokyo with children aged 0-5 years were recruited for a baseline survey, and 160 (42.2%) were followed up in 2012. Demographics, workaholism, work demands, work control, time spent with children, and parental and child weights and heights were assessed using a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was performed to determine the association between maternal and paternal workaholism in 2011 and child BMI in 2012, considering the mediating effects of time spent with children. Paternal workaholism showed a direct significant positive association with child BMI after 1 year (standardized coefficient: 0.19; p < 0.001), while maternal workaholism was not associated with child BMI. Both maternal and paternal time spent with children did not mediate the association. Paternal work demands showed a strong positive association with workaholism but paternal work control did not. Paternal, but not maternal, workaholism was associated with an increase in child BMI over 1 year. Interventions that target workaholism by reducing paternal work demands might be effective in preventing overweight in offspring.

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Source-specific workplace social support and highsensitivity C-reactive protein levels among Japanese workers: A 1-year prospective cohort study

Eguchi, H., Shimazu, A., Kawakami, N., Inoue, A., & Tsutsumi, A.

American Journal of Industrial Medicine (American Journal of Industrial Medicine) 59 ( 8 ) 676 - 684 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 02713586

© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Background: This study investigated the prospective association between source-specific workplace social support and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in workers in Japan. Methods: We conducted a 1-year prospective cohort study with 1,487 men and 533 women aged 18–65 years. Participants worked at two manufacturing worksites in Japan and were free of major illness. We used multivariable linear regression analyses to evaluate the prospective association between supervisor and coworker support at baseline, and hs-CRP levels at follow-up. We conducted the analyses separately for men and women. Results: For women, high supervisor support at baseline was significantly associated with lower hs-CRP levels at follow-up (β = −0.109, P < 0.01), whereas coworker support at baseline was not significantly associated with hs-CRP levels at follow-up. Associations between supervisor and coworker support and hs-CRP levels were not significant for men. Conclusions: Supervisor support may have beneficial effects on inflammatory markers in working women. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:676–684, 2016.

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Work engagement as a predictor of onset of major depressive episode (MDE) among workers, independent of psychological distress: A 3-year prospective cohort study.

Imamura, K., Kawakami, N., Inoue, A., Shimazu, A., Tsutsumi, A., Takahashi, M., & Totsuzaki, T.

PLOS One (PLoS ONE) 11 ( 2 ) e0148157 - doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1932-6203

© 2016 Imamura et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Objective This study investigated work engagement as a baseline predictor of onset of major depressive episode (MDE). Methods The study used a prospective cohort design, conforming to the STROBE checklist. Participants were recruited from the employee population of a private think tank company (N = 4,270), and 1,058 (24.8%) of them completed a baseline survey, of whom 929 were included in this study. Work engagement and psychological distress at baseline were assessed as predictor variables. MDE was measured at baseline and at each of the followups as the outcome, using the web-based, self-administered version of the Japanese WHO-CIDI 3.0 depression section based upon DSM-IV-TR/DSM-5 criteria. Cox discretetime hazards analyses were conducted to estimate hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals CIs). Results Follow-up rates of participants (N = 929) were 78.4%, 67.2%, and 51.6% at 1-, 2-, and 3- year follow-ups, respectively. The association between work engagement at baseline and the onset of MDE was U-shaped. Compared with a group with low work engagement scores, groups with the middle and high scores showed significantly (HR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.64; p = 0.007) and marginally significantly (HR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.20 to 1.15, p = 0.099) lower risks of MDE, respectively, over the follow-ups, after adjusting for covariates. The pattern remained the same after additionally adjusting for psychological distress. Conclusions The present study first demonstrated work engagement as an important predictor of the onset of MDE diagnosed according to an internationally standard diagnostic criteria of mental disorders.

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The moderating effect of health-improving workplace environment on promoting physical activity in white-collar employees: A multi-site longitudinal study using multi-level structural equation modeling.

Watanabe, K., Otsuka, Y., Shimazu, A., & Kawakami, N.

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. (Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine) in press ( 2 ) 178 - 184 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 10762752

Copyright © 2016 American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of health-improving workplace environment on relationships between physical activity, self-efficacy, and psychological distress. Methods: Data were collected from 16 worksites and 129 employees at two time-points. Health-improving workplace environment was measured using the Japanese version of the Environmental Assessment Tool. Physical activity, self-efficacy, and psychological distress were also measured. Multi-level structural equation modeling was used to investigate the moderating effect of health-improving workplace environment on relationships between psychological distress, self-efficacy, and physical activity. Results: Psychological distress was negatively associated with physical activity via low self-efficacy. Physical activity was negatively related to psychological distress. Physical activity/fitness facilities in the work environment exaggerated the positive relationship between self-efficacy and physical activity. Conclusions: Physical activity/fitness facilities in the workplace may promote employees' physical activity.

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The effects of workplace psychosocial factors on whether Japanese dual-earner couples with preschool children have additional children: A prospective study

Eguchi, H., Shimazu, A., Fujiwara, T., Iwata, N., Shimada, K., Takahashi, M., Tokita, M., Watai, I., & Kawakami, N.

Industrial Health (独立行政法人労働者健康安全機構労働安全衛生総合研究所) 54 ( 6 ) 498 - 504 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0019-8366

This study explored the effect of workplace psychosocial factors (job demand, job control, and workplace social support) on dual-earner couples in Japan having additional children, using a prospective study design. We conducted a 2-year prospective cohort study with 103 dual-earner couples with preschool children in Japan, as part of the Tokyo Work–Family Interface Study II. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to evaluate the prospective association of job strain (categorized into low-strain job, active job, passive job, and strain job groups) and workplace social support (high and low) with couples having additional children during the follow-up period, adjusting for age, for men and women separately. Men in the active job group (i.e., with high job demands and high job control) had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of having additional children during the follow-up period, after controlling for age (OR 9.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.27–64.85). No significant association between any workplace psychosocial factor and having additional children was confirmed among women. Having an active job may have a positive influence on having additional children among men in dual-earner couples.

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The efects of workplace psychosocial factors on whether Japanese dual-earner couples with preschool children have additional children: A prospective study

Eguchi H., Shimazu A., Fujiwara T., Iwata N., Shimada K., Takahashi M., Tokita M., Watai I., Kawakami N.

Industrial Health (Industrial Health) 54 ( 6 ) 498 - 504 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 00198366

© 2016 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. This study explored the efect of workplace psychosocial factors (job demand, job control, and workplace social support) on dual-earner couples in Japan having additional children, using a prospective study design. We conducted a 2-year prospective cohort study with 103 dual-earner couples with preschool children in Japan, as part of the Tokyo Work-Family Interface Study II. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to evaluate the prospective association of job strain (categorized into low-strain job, active job, passive job, and strain job groups) and workplace social support (high and low) with couples having additional children during the follow-up period, adjusting for age, for men and women separately. Men in the active job group (i.e., with high job demands and high job control) had a signiicantly higher odds ratio (OR) of having additional children during the follow-up period, after controlling for age (OR 9.07, 95% conidence interval: 1.27-64.85). No signiicant association between any workplace psychosocial factor and having additional children was conirmed among women. Having an active job may have a positive inluence on having additional children among men in dual-earner couples.

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Positive mental health and work engagement: Towards a strategic use of stress check-up system

Shimazu Akihito

Health Evaluation and Promotion (Japan Society of Health Evaluation and Promotion) 43 ( 2 ) 320 - 325 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1347-0086

This article gives an overview of the recently introduced concept of work engagement: a positive, fulfilling, affective motivational state of work-related well-being. I first define work engagement as a state including vigor, dedication, and absorption, and then refer to its antecedents and consequences. Work engagement is a unique concept that is best predicted by job resources (e.g., autonomy, supervisory coaching, performance feedback) and personal resources (e.g., optimism, self-efficacy, self-esteem) and is predictive of psychological/physical health, proactive organizational behavior, and job performance. Then, I mentioned strategies how to achieve really healthy workers and workplaces. The paper closes with an account of strategic use of stress check-up system to achieve healthy workplaces.

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未就学児を持つ共働き夫婦におけるワーカホリズムとパートナーの精神的健康との関連：夫婦間コミュニケーションの媒介効果の検討

島田恭子・島津明人・川上憲人

行動医学研究 22 76 - 84 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

How workaholism relates intimate partner's psychological distress: The mediating role of couple communication among Japanese dual−earner parents with preschool child (ren)

SHIMADA Kyoko, SHIMAZU Akihito, KAWAKAMI Norito

Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine (The Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine) 22 ( 2 ) 76 - 84 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

The present study examined how workaholism relates the intimate partner. We hypothesized one partner's workaholism have a negative influence on the other partner's well.being, through one's own poor well.being and poor couple communication. Participants were 496 couples of dual.earner parents with preschool child (ren) in Japan. Of the 8,964 questionnaires distributed, 2,992 were returned. Due to the large number of items, we randomly distributed one of two types of questionnaires. This paper used one questionnaire which includes measures of workaholism, couple communication, psychological distress, and job and family satisfaction. Results of structural equation modeling techniques showed that the proposed model fit adequately to the data for the model from husband to wife, and for the model from wife to husband. Consistent with hypotheses, husband's workaholism led to one's own poor well.being and consequently to partners' (i.e. wife) ratings of husband's poor couple communication. Then, partners' (i.e. wife) ratings of husband's poor couple communication resulted in wife's poor well.being. We found the similar relationship in the model from wife's workaholism to husband's well.being. These findings suggest that workaholism initiate a process of one's own poor well-being and poor couple communication, which may eventually relate the intimate partner's well.being in an unfavorable way.

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日本行動医学会　理事長就任のご挨拶

SHIMAZU Akihito

Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine (The Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine) 22 ( 2 ) 53 - 54 2016

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

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職場のメンタルヘルス : 組織と職員の活性化に向けて

島津明人

民医連医療 (全日本民主医療機関連合会) ( 519 ) 48 - 53 2015.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0285-2241

病棟看護師における感情労働とワーク・エンゲイジメントおよびストレス反応との関連

加賀田聡子, 井上彰臣, 窪田和巳, 島津明人

行動医学研究 (日本行動医学会) 21 ( 2 ) 83 - 90 2015.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

看護師を対象に、感情労働による心理学的影響を調べた近年の先行研究では、感情労働がバーンアウト/抑うつの悪化や職務満足感の向上に影響を与えることが着目されている。しかし、日本の看護師を対象に感情労働の心理学的側面に着目した先行研究は少なく、感情労働を要素別に分類し、ワーク・エンゲイジメントやストレス反応との関連を検証した研究は、我々の知る限り見当たらない。そこで本研究では、日本の看護師を対象に「看護師の感情労働測定尺度:ELIN」を用いて感情労働の要素を詳細に測定し、これらの各要素とワーク・エンゲイジメント、心理的ストレス反応および身体的ストレス反応との関連を検討することを目的とした。関東圏内の1つの総合病院に勤務する女性病棟看護師306名を対象に、感情労働(ELIN:「探索的理解」、「ケアの表現」、「深層適応」、「表層適応」、「表出抑制」の5下位尺度からなる)、ワーク・エンゲイジメント(The Japanese Short Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale:UWES-J短縮版による)、心理的ストレス反応および身体的ストレス反応(職業性ストレス簡易調査票:BJSQによる)、個人属性(年齢、診療科、同居者の有無)に関する質問項目を含めた自記式質問紙を用いて調査を実施した(調査期間:2011年8〜9月)。分析は、感情労働とワーク・エンゲイジメント、心理的ストレス反応および身体的ストレス反応との関連を検討するため、感情労働の各下位尺度を独立変数、ワーク・エンゲイジメント、心理的ストレス反応および身体的ストレス反応を従属変数、個人属性を調整因子とした重回帰分析を実施した。重回帰分析の結果、感情労働の構成要素の一つである「探索的理解」とワーク・エンゲイジメントとの間に正の関連が、「表出抑制」とワーク・エンゲイジメントとの間に負の関連が認められた。また、感情労働の構成要素の一つである「深層適応」と心理的ストレス反応および身体的ストレス反応との間に正の関連が認められた。これらの結果から、「探索的理解」を高め、「表出抑制」や「深層適応」を低減させるようなアプローチによって、看護師が自身の感情をコントロールしながらも、心身の健康を保持・増進するために有効な可能性が示唆された。(著者抄録)

労働者の収入とメンタルヘルス　職の不安定性による媒介効果に注目して

堤明純, 井上彰臣, 島津明人, 高橋正也, 川上憲人, 栗岡住子, 江口尚, 宮木幸一, 遠田和彦, 小杉由起, 戸津崎貴文

厚生の指標 ((一財)厚生労働統計協会) 62 ( 11 ) 1 - 8 2015.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0452-6104

目的収入の低い集団は高収入の集団に比してメンタルヘルス不調のリスクが高いとされるが,労働者における収入とメンタルヘルス不調の関係,およびその媒介要因を検証した研究はわが国では少ない。労働者の健康格差の実態とそのメカニズムを解明することを目的として行われているパネル研究のベースラインデータを用いて,労働者の収入とメンタルヘルスの関連,その媒介要因としての職の不安定性の影響を検討することを目的とした。方法労働者の健康格差のメカニズム解明を目的とした多目的パネルのベースライン調査参加者の男性7,645人,女性2,241人を対象とした。税込みの世帯収入を世帯員数で調整した世帯収入の下位3分位を低収入とした。将来の職の安定性,季節雇用,過去および将来の失業の可能性を尋ねる4項目の得点和の上位5分位以上を職の不安定とした。K6得点の13点以上をメンタルヘルス不調とした。男女別に,低収入群がメンタルヘルス不調に陥るリスクを,年齢,教育歴,職業,労働時間を調整したロジスティック回帰分析を用いて算出した調整後オッズ比,および95%信頼区間で推定した。低収入群とメンタルヘルス不調の関連を,職の不安定性がどの程度説明するかを,それぞれの変数を投入したオッズ比を求めて検討した。結果男女とも,低収入はメンタルヘルス不調と関連していた。低収入の男性労働者がメンタルヘルス不調に陥るリスク(属性・就業状況を調整したオッズ比)は1.26で,女性では1.62であった。職の不安定性を調整すると,メンタルヘルス不調に対する低収入のリスクは男女ともに約9%減弱し,男性において低収入とメンタルヘルス不調の関連は統計的有意ではなくなった。職の不安定性とメンタルヘルス不調の関連性の変化は,低収入を調整してもわずかであった。結論日本人労働者において,低収入は労働者のメンタルヘルス不調と関連することが観察された。低収入の労働者におけるメンタルヘルス不調のリスク増加の一部は職の不安定性によって説明され,職の安定の確保は,労働者のメンタルヘルスの所得格差を軽減する方策となる可能性が示された。(著者抄録)

Does Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) prevent major depressive episode for workers? A 12-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial

Imamura K., Kawakami N., Furukawa T., Matsuyama Y., Shimazu A., Umanodan R., Kawakami S., Kasai K.

Psychological Medicine (Psychological Medicine) 45 ( 9 ) 1907 - 1917 2015.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 00332917

Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015. Background In this study we investigated whether an Internet-based computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program can decrease the risk of DSM-IV-TR major depressive episodes (MDE) during a 12-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of Japanese workers. Method Participants were recruited from one company and three departments of another company. Those participants who did not experience MDE in the past month were randomly allocated to intervention or control groups (n = 381 for each). A 6-week, six-lesson iCBT program was provided to the intervention group. While the control group only received the usual preventive mental health service for the first 6 months, the control group was given a chance to undertake the iCBT program after a 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome was a new onset of DSM-IV-TR MDE during the 12-month follow-up, as assessed by means of the web version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), version 3.0 depression section. Results The intervention group had a significantly lower incidence of MDE at the 12-month follow-up than the control group (Log-rank χ2 = 7.04, p < 0.01). The hazard ratio for the intervention group was 0.22 (95% confidence interval 0.06-0.75), when estimated by the Cox proportional hazard model. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that an iCBT program is effective in preventing MDE in the working population. However, it should be noted that MDE was measured by self-report, while the CIDI can measure the episodes more strictly following DSM-IV criteria.

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Towards Healthy Workers and Workplaces : From a Perspective of Work Engagement

島津明人

日本職業・災害医学会会誌 = Japanese journal of occupational medicine and traumatology (日本職業・災害医学会) 63 ( 4 ) 205 - 209 2015.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1345-2592

ワーク・ライフ・バランス (特集シリーズ・今これからの心理職(3)これだけは知っておきたい産業・組織領域で働く心理職のスタンダード) -- (産業・組織領域において知っておくべき基本的知識と技能)

島津明人

臨床心理学 (金剛出版) 15 ( 3 ) 308 - 312 2015.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1345-9171

特別座談会組織開発とポジティブメンタルヘルスの出会いみんながやる気で、成果も上がる組織づくりに人事ができること (特集経営者視点から従業員視点へ働く人たちが元気になる組織活性化の秘訣)

西出恵美, 島津明人, 香取一昭

人材教育 : 人材開発の実践情報誌 (日本能率協会マネジメントセンター) 27 ( 5 ) 28 - 33 2015.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Towards Collaboration between Occupational Health and Management : From a Perspective of Work Engagement

島津明人

産業・組織心理学研究 (産業・組織心理学会) 28 ( 2 ) 103 - 110 2015.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0917-0391

ワーク・エンゲイジメントのすすめ産業保健とマネジメント層が協調しモチベーションの高い組織づくりを (特集職員のモチベーションアップを図るには)

島津明人

地方公務員安全と健康フォーラム (地方公務員安全衛生推進協会) 25 ( 1 ) 6 - 10 2015.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0917-6993

Effects of an Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention on Improving Work Engagement and Other Work-Related Outcomes: An Analysis of Secondary Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Imamura K, Kawakami N, Furukawa T, Matsuyama Y, Shimazu A, Umanodan R, et al.

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine) 57 ( 5 ) 578 - 584 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 10762752

Copyright © 2015 by American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Objective: This study reported a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program on work engagement and secondary work-related outcomes. Methods: Participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to an intervention or a control group (N = 381 for each). A 6-week, 6-lesson iCBT program using a Manga (Japanese comic) story was provided only to the intervention group.Work engagement was assessed at baseline and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups for both groups. Results: The iCBT program showed a significant intervention effect on work engagement (P = 0.04) with small effect sizes (Cohen's d = 0.16 at 6-month follow-up). Conclusions: The study showed computerized cognitive behavior therapy delivered via the Internet to be effective (with a small effect size) in increasing work engagement in the general working population. Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000006210.

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Effects of an internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy intervention on preventing major depressive episodes among workers: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Imamura K, Kawakami N, Furukawa TA, Matsuyama Y, Shimazu A, Kasai K.

BMJ Open (BMJ Open) 5 ( 5 ) e007590 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 2044-6055

© 2015, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Introduction: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of an internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) program on decreasing the risk of major depressive episodes (MDEs) among workers employed in a private corporate group in Japan, using a randomised controlled trial design. Methods and analysis: All of the workers in a corporate group (n=20 000) will be recruited through an invitation email. Participants who fulfil the inclusion criteria will be randomly allocated to intervention or control groups ( planned N=4050 for each group). They will be allowed to complete the six lessons of the iCBT program within 10 weeks after the baseline survey. Those in the control group will receive the same iCBT after 12 months. The program includes several CBT skills: self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring, assertiveness, problem-solving and relaxation. The primary outcome measure is no new onset of MDE (using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)/DSM-5 criteria) during the 12-month follow-up. Assessment will use the web version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview V.3.0 depression section. Ethics and dissemination: The Research Ethics Review Board of Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo (No. 3083-(2)), approved the study procedures. Trial registration number: The study protocol is registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR; ID=UMIN000014146).

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Disabling low back pain associated with night shift duration: Sleep problems as a potentiator

Takahashi, M., Matsudaira, K., & Shimazu, A.

American Journal of Industrial Medicine (American Journal of Industrial Medicine) 58 ( 12 ) 1300 - 1310 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 02713586

© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Background: We investigated how night shift duration and sleep problems were jointly associated with disabling low back pain (LBP) among workers in different occupations. Methods: An online-survey was conducted regarding work schedules, disabling LBP, sleep problems, and other relevant factors in 5,008 workers who were randomly selected from a market research panel. Multiple logistic regression analyses determined the joint associations of night shift duration (0 [permanent day shift], <8, 8-9.9, 10-15.9, ≥16hr) and sleep problems (no, yes) with disabling LBP adjusted for potential confounders. Results: A night shift ≥16hr was associated with a significant increase in the likelihood of disabling LBP. The magnitude of this association was elevated when participants perceived sleep problems including both sleep duration and quality. Conclusion: Associations between extended night shifts and disabling LBP became stronger in the presence of short or poor quality sleep.

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Epigenetic changes caused by occupational stress in humans revealed through noninvasive assessment of DNA methylation of the Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene

Miyaki, K., Suzuki, T., Song, Y., Suzuki, T., Tsutsumi, A., Kawakami, N., Takahashi, M., Shimazu, A., Inoue, A., Kurioka, K., Kan, C., Sasaki, Y., Shimbo, T.

Journal of Neurology and Neurological Disorders 2 ( 2 ) 201 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Relationship between sickness presenteeism (WHO-HPQ) with depression and sickness absence due to mental disease in a cohort of Japanese workers

Suzuki, T., Miyaki, K., Song, Y., Tsutsumi, A., Kawakami, N., Shimazu, A., Takahashi, M., Inoue, A., & Kurioka, S.

Journal of Affective Disorders. (Journal of Affective Disorders) 180 14 - 20 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 01650327

© 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. Background Absence due to mental disease in the workplace has become a global public health problem. We aimed to evaluate the influence of presenteeism on depression and absence due to mental disease. Methods A prospective study of 1831 Japanese employees from all areas of Japan was conducted. Presenteeism and depression were measured by the validated Japanese version of the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO-HPQ) and the K6 scale, respectively. Absence due to mental disease across a 2-year follow up was surveyed through medical certificates obtained for work absence. Results After adjusting for age and gender, participants with higher rates of sickness absolute and relative presenteeism (the lowest tertile of the scores) were significantly more likely to be absent due to mental disease (OR=4.40, 95% CI: 1.65-11.73, and OR=3.31, 95% CI: 1.50-7.27). Subsequently, higher rates of sickness absolute or relative presenteeism were significantly associated with higher rates of depression (K6=13) one year later (OR=3.79, 95% CI: 2.48-5.81, and OR=2.89, 95% CI: 1.98-4.22). Limitations The number of females in the sample was relatively small. However, the rates of absence for females with and without mental illness did not significantly differ from those of men. Conclusions More sickness presenteeism scores were found to be related to higher rates of depression and absence due to mental disease in this large-scale cohort of Japanese workers. Measurement of presenteeism could be used to evaluate the risk for depression and absenteeism. Furthermore, our findings suggest that intervention to improve presenteeism would be effective in preventing depression and absence due to mental illness.

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Workaholism vs. work engagement: The two different predictors of future well-being and performance.

Shimazu, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Kamiyama, K., & Kawakami, N.

International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. (International Journal of Behavioral Medicine) 22 ( 1 ) 18 - 23 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 10705503

© 2014, International Society of Behavioral Medicine. Purpose: This study investigated the distinctiveness of two types of heavy work investment (i.e., workaholism and work engagement) by examining their 2-year longitudinal relationships with employee well-being and job performance. Based on a previous cross-sectional study by Shimazu and Schaufeli (Ind Health 47:495–502, 2009) and a shorter term longitudinal study by Shimazu et al. (Ind Health 50:316–21, 2012; measurement interval = 7 months), we predicted that workaholism predicts long-term future unwell-being (i.e., high ill-health and low life satisfaction) and poor job performance, whereas work engagement predicts future well-being (i.e., low ill-health and high life satisfaction) and superior job performance. Method: A two-wave survey was conducted among employees from one Japanese company, and valid data from 1,196 employees was analyzed using structural equation modeling. T1–T2 changes in ill-health, life satisfaction, and job performance were measured as residual scores, which were included in the structural equation model. Results: Workaholism and work engagement were weakly and positively related to each other. In addition, and as expected, workaholism was related to an increase in ill-health and to a decrease in life satisfaction. In contrast, and also as expected, work engagement was related to increases in both life satisfaction and job performance and to a decrease in ill-health. Conclusion: Although workaholism and work engagement are weakly positively related, they constitute two different concepts. More specifically, workaholism has negative consequences across an extended period of 2 years, whereas work engagement has positive consequences in terms of well-being and performance. Hence, workaholism should be prevented and work engagement should be stimulated.

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Work engagement and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels among Japanese workers: A 1-year prospective cohort study.

Eguchi, H., Kawakami, N., Inoue, A., Shimazu, A., & Tsutsumi, A.

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health) 88 ( 6 ) 651 - 658 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 03400131

© 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Purpose: Evidence on the association between psychological well-being and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels is limited. We carried out a prospective study to investigate the association between work engagement and hs-CRP levels in a group of Japanese workers. Methods: Our cohort included 1,857 men and 657 women aged 65 and under, and free from major illness, working at two manufacturing worksites in Japan. Baseline examinations were conducted from April to June 2011 to determine the demographic and lifestyle characteristics and levels of work engagement. Blood samples were obtained from participants at baseline and after 1 year. Participants were classified into tertiles of low, moderate, and high work engagement at baseline. Hs-CRP levels were split into low (≤3.0 mg/L) and high (>3.0 mg/L). We used multiple logistic regression analyses to evaluate the association between work engagement at baseline and hs-CRP levels at follow-up, adjusting for hs-CRP at baseline and potential confounding factors. Results: Participants reporting moderate and high levels of work engagement at baseline had significantly lower odds ratios (ORs) of having high hs-CRP levels at follow-up than those with low levels of work engagement at baseline [OR of moderate level 0.44, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.24–0.81; OR of high level 0.57, 95 % CI 0.33–0.99; p for trend <0.05]. Conclusion: Findings suggest that work engagement has beneficial effects on workers’ cardiovascular health.

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Using social epidemiology and neuroscience to explore the relationship between job stress and frontotemporal cortex activity among workers.

Kawasaki S, Nishimura Y, Takizawa R, Koike S, Kinoshita A, Satomura Y, Sakakibara E, Sakurada H, Yamagishi M, Nishimura F, Yoshikawa A, Inai A, Nishioka M, Eriguchi Y, Kakiuchi C, Araki T, Kan C, Umeda M, Shimazu A, Hashimoto H, Kawakami N, Kasai K

Social neuroscience (Social Neuroscience) 10 ( 3 ) 230 - 242 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1747-0919

© 2015, © 2015 Taylor & Francis. Mental health problems, such as depression, are increasingly common among workers. Job-related stresses, including psychological demands and a lack of discretion in controlling one’s own work environment, are important causal factors. However, the mechanisms through which job-related stress may affect brain function remain unknown. We sought to identify the relationship between job-related stress and frontotemporal cortex activation using near-infrared spectroscopy. Seventy-nine (45 females, 34 males) Japanese employees, aged 26–51 years, were recruited from respondents to the Japanese Study of Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood survey. Job-related stress was measured using the Japanese version of Job Content Questionnaire, which can index “job demand” and “job control”. We found a significant correlation between higher “job demand” and smaller oxygenated hemoglobin [oxy-Hb] changes in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in female (r = −.54 to −.44). Significant correlations between higher “job control” and greater [oxy-Hb] changes in the right temporal cortex were observed among male, and in the combined sample (r = .46–.64). This initial cross-sectional observation suggests that elevated job-related stress is related to decrease frontotemporal cortex activation among workers. Integrating social epidemiology and neuroscience may be a powerful strategy for understanding how individuals’ brain functions may mediate between the job-related stress or psychosocial work characteristics and public mental health.

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Socioeconomic determinants of bullying in the workplace: A national representative sample in Japan.

Tsuno K, Kawakami N, Tsutsumi A, Shimazu A, Inoue A, Odagiri Y, Yoshikawa T, Haratani T, Shimomitsu T, Kawachi I.

PLosOne (PLoS ONE) 10(3) ( 3 ) e0119435 - 8 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1932-6203

© 2015 Tsuno et al. Bullying in the workplace is an increasingly recognized threat to employee health.We sought to test three hypotheses related to the determinants of workplace bullying: power distance at work; safety climate; and frustration related to perceived social inequality. A questionnaire survey was administered to a nationally representative community-based sample of 5,000 residents in Japan aged 20-60 years. The questionnaire included questions about employment, occupation, company size, education, household income, and subjective social status (SSS). We inquired about both the witnessing and personal experience of workplace bullying during the past 30 days. Among 2,384 respondents, data were analyzed from 1,546 workers. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the social determinants of workplace bullying. Six percent and 15 percent of the total sample reported experiencing or witnessing workplace bullying, respectively. After adjusting for gender and age, temporary employees (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.45 [95%Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.03-5.85]), junior high school graduates (OR: 2.62 [95%CI: 1.01-6.79]), workers with lowest household income (OR: 4.13 [95%CI:1.58-10.8]), and workers in the lowest SSS stratum (OR: 4.21 [95% CI:1.66-10.7]) were at increased risk of experiencing workplace bullying. When all variables were entered simultaneously in the model, a significant inverse association was observed between higher SSS and experiencing bullying (p = 0.002). Similarly in terms of witnessing bullying; SSS was significantly inversely associated (p = 0.017) while temporary employees reported a significantly higher risk of witnessing bullying compared to permanent workers (OR: 2.25 [95%CI:1.04 to 4.87]). The significant association between SSS and experiencing/witnessing workplace bullying supports the frustration hypothesis. The power distance hypothesis was also partly supported by the finding that temporary employees experienced a higher prevalence of workplace bullying.

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労働者の収入とメンタルヘルス　－職の不安定性による媒介効果に注目して－

堤明純・井上彰臣・島津明人・高橋正也・川上憲人・栗岡住子・江口尚・宮木幸一・遠田和彦・小杉由起・戸津崎貴文

校正の指標 62 ( 11 ) 1 - 8 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

Association of Emotional Labor with Work Engagement andStress Responses among Hospital Ward Nurses

KAGATA Satoko, INOUE Akiomi, KUBOTA Kazumi, SHIMAZU Akihito

Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine (The Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine) 21 ( 2 ) 83 - 90 2015

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

Summary: Recent studies on the psychological effects of emotional labor among hospital nurses have focused not only on aversive effects such as progression of burnout or depression but also on favorable effects, such as enhanced job satisfaction. However, few studies investigated these effects among Japanese hospital nurses. This study measured elements of emotional labor in detail and investigated the association of each element of emotional labor with work engagement and stress responses among 306 Japanese female hospital ward nurses in the Kanto region. In August–September 2011, they were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, measuring on emotional labor, work engagement, psychological and physical stress responses, and demographics. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of each element of emotional labor ("Exploring and understanding", "Expression of caring", "Deep adjustment", "Suppressed expression", and "Surface adjustment") with work engagement, and psychological and physical stress responses. The results showed that "Exploring and understanding" was positively associated with work engagement, whereas "Suppressed expression" was negatively associated with work engagement. "Deep adjustment" was positively associated with psychological and physical stress responses. These findings suggest that enhancing "Exploring and understanding" and reducing "Suppressed expression" and "Deep adjustment" have an effect on improving mental health among nurses.

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Work-life Balance and Mental Health among Dual-earner Couples

島津明人

日本労働研究雑誌 (労働政策研究・研修機構) 56 ( 12 ) 75 - 84 2014.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0916-3808

医学部卒業時に求められる行動科学に関するコンピテンシー　デルファイ法による調査結果

堤明純, 石川善樹, 乾明夫, 井上茂, 島津明人, 諏訪茂樹, 津田彰, 坪井康次, 中尾睦宏, 中山健夫, 端詰勝敬, 吉内一浩, 行動医学コアカリキュラム作成ワーキンググループ

行動医学研究 (日本行動医学会) 20 ( 2 ) 63 - 68 2014.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

行動科学について、医学生が卒業時に求められるコンピテンシーを明らかにすることを目的として、デルファイ法による調査を行った。日本行動医学会教育研修委員会の下に設置されたワーキンググループで、行動科学(行動医学)に関して、医学生が卒業時までに身につけておきたいと思われる知識や技術(コンピテンシー項目)のリストアップを行い、日本行動医学会評議員111名に対して、2ラウンドのデルファイ様式のオンライン調査に参加を呼びかけた。電子メールによる呼びかけに対し26名が参加した。参加者のうち、17名は心理学、5名は臨床、2名は看護、5名は社会医学のバックグラウンドを有していた(一部重複あり)。8名は大学医学部での講義の受け持ちを持っており、教育歴は平均11年であった。2回の調査で「説明もしくは概説できる」と集約されたコンピテンシー項目は、ストレスとコーピング、動機付け、行動療法、認知行動療法、利用者-医療者関係、医療者関係、クオリティオブライフ、ソーシャルサポート、セルフ・エフィカシー、刺激統制、リラクセーション法、アドヒアランス、服薬行動、傾聴技法および質問技法であった。「知っている必要あり」と集約されたコンピテンシー項目は、情報処理の自動化、ローカスオブコントロール、ティーチング、社会的認知、性行動、エンパワーメントであった。回答数は少ないものの、専門家からの意見として得られた今回の所見は、我が国の医学部における行動医学のカリキュラムを開発するにあたって参考になると考えられる。(著者抄録)

What Is Work Engagement?

島津明人

Harvard business review (ダイヤモンド社) 39 ( 9 ) 32 - 42 2014.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

PSYCHOSOCIAL MECHANISMS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH DISPARITY IN JAPANESE WORKERS: A TWO-WAVE PANEL SURVEY

Shimazu A., Kawakami N., Inoue A., Kurioka S., Miyaki K., Takahashi M., Tsutsumi A.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE 21 S189 - S190 2014.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

How workaholism affects employees and their families

Shimazu A., Kubota K., Bakker A.

Heavy Work Investment: Its Nature, Sources, Outcomes, and Future Directions (Heavy Work Investment: Its Nature, Sources, Outcomes, and Future Directions) 171 - 186 2014.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 9780415835053

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The context of psychosocial factors at work in the Asia Pacific

Dollard M., Shimazu A., Nordin R., Brough P., Tuckey M.

Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific (Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific) 3 - 26 2014.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 9789401789745

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. All rights are reserved. The Asia Pacific is diverse culturally, economically, and socially. Despite being the world's most populous region where many workers experience poor working conditions and insecure employment, little attention has been given to psychosocial factors at work in the region. This chapter argues that in understanding work conditions and worker health it is important to consider influences at the international, national, state, and local levels. Moreover, within nations, power actors such as unions, governments, and corporations, legal requirements, welfare regimes, national culture, corruption, and occupational health and safety policies and guidance, are fundamental influences on work conditions and worker health in the Asia Pacific. The chapter outlines initiatives in the region to foster knowledge development processes, such as the development of the Asia Pacific Academy for Psychosocial Factors at Work. The aim of such initiatives is to address the gap in the global and local stock of knowledge, so that good policies and practices can be developed for the region. A synopsis of each chapter is given to assist navigation through the book.

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Work addiction in Japanese workers

Matsuoka N., Shimazu A.

Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific (Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific) 217 - 230 2014.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 9789401789745

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. All rights are reserved. Nowadays people are more and more work free from the constraints of geography and time in line with the development of transportation and communication technology. These changes have been facilitating the diversity of working style. In addition to these innovations, the changes of economy have also been forcing individuals to work in various ways. These changes have possibility of deteriorating the work situation while enhancing the freedom of work styles. Thus, workaholism-the tendency to work hard with irresistible inner drive to do so-has been paid attention to by both in lay and academic people. In this chapter, we first overview the definition of workaholism and economic and working conditions in Japan. Then, we discuss (negative) impacts of workaholism on one's own and one partner's well-beings among Japanese workers, such as health, job and family satisfaction, and job performance. Finally, three suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Altered DNA methylation status of human brain derived neurotrophis factor gene could be useful as biomarker of depression

Song Y., Miyaki K., Suzuki T., Sasaki Y., Tsutsumi A., Kawakami N., Shimazu A., Takahashi M., Inoue A., Kan C., Kurioka S., Shimbo T.

American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics (American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 165 ( 4 ) 357 - 364 2014.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 15524841

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the survival, development, and synaptic plasticity of neurons. BDNF is believed to be associated with the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Several studies have suggested the relevance of DNA methylation in its promoter region with depression. Here, we report different methylation statuses in groups with different depressive scores or undergoing different levels of job-stress. DNA samples were extracted from the saliva of 774 Japanese workers, and the methylation status was determined using the Illumina HumanMethylation 450K Microarray. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Kessler's K6 questionnaire. Job-stress scales were assessed via a self-administered questionnaire. Independent DNA pools were formed based on K6 and job-strain scores, and the methylation levels were compared among these pools. The average DNA methylation rate was significantly decreased in the highest K6 score group compared to the lowest group (methylated signals, 14.2% vs. 16.5%, P=2·16×10 -198 ). This difference remained for the CpG island in the promoter region (10.4% vs. 5.8%, P=3·67×10 -133 ). Regarding the job-strain score, there was a slight increase in the methylation level of the whole gene in the group with the highest score compared to that with the lowest score; however, these groups showed no difference in the promoter region. Our results revealed significant changes in the DNA methylation status of the complete human BDNF gene in persons with depression compared to normal individuals, especially in the promoter region of exon 1. This indicates that DNA methylation in this gene is a promising biomarker for diagnosing depression. © 2014 The Authors.

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Work-Family Balance and Well-Being among Japanese Dual-Earner Couples: A Spillover-Crossover Perspective

Shimazu A., Shimada K., Watai I.

Contemporary Occupational Health Psychology: Global Perspectives on Research and Practice (Contemporary Occupational Health Psychology: Global Perspectives on Research and Practice) 3 84 - 96 2014.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 9781118713907

© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. All rights reserved. In Japan, the entry of women into the work force has become increasingly common. The number of dual-earner families has been larger than that of single-earner families since 1997. Wives play a more important role in child care and housework in dual-earner couples with one or more children because of their husbands' longer working hours and because they conform to traditional gender roles. Thus, there is a potential for interference or conflict between the work and non-work lives of dual- earner couples (especially for the wives). This chapter examines work-family balance and its impact on well-being among Japanese dual-earner couples from a spillover-crossover perspective. It also discusses several unexamined issues, which need further research.

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健康でいきいきと働くために : ワーク・エンゲイジメントに注目した個人と組織の活性化 (特集未来を拓くキャリア教育)

島津明人

学校運営 (学校運営研究会) 55 ( 12 ) 22 - 25 2014.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1343-5906

Future Occupational Mental Health : Two Proposals from Occupational Health Psychology

島津明人, 川上憲人

学術の動向 : SCJフォーラム = Trends in the sciences : SCJ Forum (日本学術協力財団) 19 ( 1 ) 60 - 65 2014.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1342-3363

Effects of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) program in Manga format on improving subthreshold depressive symptoms among healthy workers: A randomized controlled trial.

Imamura, K., Kawakami, N., Furukawa, T., Matsuyama, Y., Shimazu, A., Umanodan, R., Kawakami, S., & Kasai, K.

PLOS ONE (PLoS ONE) 9(5) ( 5 ) e97167 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1932-6203

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a new Internet-based computerized cognitive behavior therapy (iCBT) program in Manga format, the Japanese cartoon, for workers and to examine the effects of the iCBT program on improving subthreshold depression using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design among workers employed in private companies in Japan. Method: All workers in a company (n = 290) and all workers in three departments (n = 1,500) at the headquarters of another large company were recruited by an invitation e-mail. Participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to intervention or control groups (N = 381 for each group). A six-week, six-lesson iCBT program using Manga (Japanese comic) story was developed. The program included several CBT skills: self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring, assertiveness, problem solving, and relaxation. The intervention group studied the iCBT program at a frequency of one lesson per week. Depression (Beck Depression Inventory II; BDI-II) was assessed as a primary outcome at baseline, and threeand six-month follow-ups for both intervention and control groups were performed. Results: The iCBT program showed a significant intervention effect on BDI-II (t = -1.99, p<0.05) with small effect sizes (Cohen's d: -0.16, 95% Confidence Interval: -0.32 to 0.00, at six-month follow-up). Conclusions: The present study first demonstrated that a computerized cognitive behavior therapy delivered via the Internet was effective in improving depression in the general working population. It seems critical to improve program involvement of participants in order to enhance the effect size of an iCBT program. Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000006210. © 2014 Imamura et al.

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Effects of Computer-based Stress Management Training on Psychological Well-being and Work Performance in Japanese Employees: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Umanodan, R., Shimazu, A., Minami, M., & Kawakami, N.

Industrial Health (Industrial Health) 52 ( 6 ) 480 - 491 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00198366

© 2014 by National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a computer-based stress management training (SMT) program in improving employees’ psychological well-being and work performance. A total of 12 work units (N=263) were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (8 work units, n=142) or to a wait-list control group (4 work units, n=121). All participants were requested to answer online questionnaires assessing psychological well-being as a primary outcome, and coping style, social support, and knowledge about stress management as secondary outcomes at baseline (T0), immediately after the intervention (T1), and 2 months after the intervention (T2). The group × time interaction was tested using a mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA. Results showed a group × time interaction for “knowledge about stress management” in the entire sample. Among participants who had more than 3 d of training, a significant group × time interaction was observed for “problem-solving” and “avoidance and suppression” as well as “knowledge about stress management.” Our computer-based stress management program was effective for improving knowledge about stress management. It was also effective for improving coping skills in instances where participants had enough time (at least 3 d) to complete all sessions.

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"East is East and West is West and never the twain shall meet" Work engagement and workaholism across eastern and western cultures.

Qiao, H., Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., Hessen, D., Hakanen, J., Salanova, M., & Shimazu, A.

Journal of the American Association of Behavioral and Social Sciences 1 6 - 24 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Optimal cutoff values of WHO-HPQ presenteeism scores by ROC analysis for 3 preventing mental sickness absence in Japanese prospective cohort

Suzuki, T., Miyaki, K., Sasaki, Y., Song, Y., Tsutsumi, A., Kawakami, N., Shimazu, A., Takahashi, M., Inoue, A., Kurioka, S., & Shimbo, T.

PLosOne (PLoS ONE) 9(10) ( 10 ) e111191 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1932-6203

© 2014 Suzuki et al. Objectives: Sickness absence due to mental disease in the workplace has become a global public health problem. Previous studies report that sickness presenteeism is associated with sickness absence. We aimed to determine optimal cutoff scores for presenteeism in the screening of the future absences due to mental disease.Methods: A prospective study of 2195 Japanese employees from all areas of Japan was conducted. Presenteeism and depression were measured by the validated Japanese version of the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO-HPQ) and K6 scale, respectively. Absence due to mental disease across a 2-year follow-up was surveyed using medical certificates obtained for work absence. Socioeconomic status was measured via a self-administered questionnaire. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine optimal cutoff scores for absolute and relative presenteeism in relation to the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity.Results: The AUC values for absolute and relative presenteeism were 0.708 (95% CI, 0.618-0.797) and 0.646 (95% CI, 0.546-0.746), respectively. Optimal cutoff scores of absolute and relative presenteeism were 40 and 0.8, respectively. With multivariate adjustment, cohort participants with our proposal cutoff scores for absolute and relative presenteeism were significantly more likely to be absent due to mental disease (OR= 4.85, 95% CI: 2.20-10.73 and OR= 5.37, 95% CI: 2.42-11.93, respectively). The inclusion or exclusion of depressive symptoms (K6≥13) at baseline in the multivariate adjustment did not influence the results.Conclusions: Our proposed optimal cutoff scores of absolute and relative presenteeism are 40 and 0.8, respectively. Participants who scored worse than the cutoff scores for presenteeism were significantly more likely to be absent in future because of mental disease. Our findings suggest that the utility of presenteeism in the screening of sickness absence due to mental disease would help prevent such an absence.

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Occupational and socioeconomic differences in actigraphically measured sleep.

Takahashi, M, Tsutsumi, A., Kurioka, S., Inoue, A., Shimazu, A., Kosugi, Y., & Kawakami, N.

Journal of Sleep Research (Journal of Sleep Research) 23 ( 4 ) 458 - 462 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 09621105

Occupational conditions, together with socioeconomic status, may modulate sleep. This study examined the association of occupational conditions and socioeconomic status with actigraphic measures of sleep in workers. Fifty-five employees (40 ± 12 years) wore a wrist actigraph during sleep for seven consecutive nights. Sleep variables addressed included total sleep time, sleep efficiency, mean activity during sleep, sleep-onset latency, and wake after sleep onset. We also measured household income, occupational class, work schedule, weekly work hours, job demand, job control, worksite social support, effort-reward imbalance, organizational justice, and workplace social capital. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine the association of occupational indicators, socioeconomic status, as well as age and gender with each sleep variable. Higher workplace social capital was associated consistently with longer total sleep time (P < 0.001), higher sleep efficiency (P < 0.05) and lower mean activity during sleep (P < 0.07). Low occupational class (P < 0.01), higher job demand (P < 0.05) and lower job control (P < 0.05) were associated with longer total sleep time. No associations were significant for sleep-onset latency or wake after sleep onset. These preliminary results suggest that enhanced workplace social capital is closely associated with better quality and quantity of sleep. © 2014 European Sleep Research Society.

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Development of a short version of the New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire

Inoue, A., Kawakami, N., Shimomitsu, T., Tsutsumi, A., Haratani, T., Yoshikawa, T., Shimazu, A., & Odagiri, Y.

Industial Health (Industrial Health) 52 ( 6 ) 535 - 540 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00198366

© 2014 by National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. This study was aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability and validity of a short version of the New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (New BJSQ) whose scales have one item selected from a standard version. Based on the results from an anonymous web-based questionnaire of occupational health staffs and personnel/labor staffs, we selected higher-priority scales from the standard version. After selecting one item with highest item-total correlation coefficient from each scale, a 23-item questionnaire was developed. A nationally representative survey was administered to Japanese employees (n=1,633) to examine test-retest reliability and validity. Most scales (or items) showed modest but adequate levels of test-retest reliability (r>0.50). Furthermore, job demands and job resources scales (or items) were associated with mental and physical stress reactions while job resources scales (or items) were also associated with positive outcomes. These findings provided a piece of evidence that the short version of the New BJSQ is reliable and valid.

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Development of a short questionnaire to measure an extended set of job demands, job resources, and positive health outcomes: The New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire

Inoue, A., Kawakami, N., Shimomitsu, T., Tsutsumi, A., Haratani, T., Yoshikawa, T., Shimazu, A., & Odagiri, Y

Industrial Health (Industrial Health) 52 ( 3 ) 175 - 189 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00198366

This study aimed to investigate the reliability and construct validity of a new version of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (New BJSQ), which measures an extended set of psychosocial factors at work by adding new scales/items to the current version of the BJSQ. Additional scales/ items were extensively collected from theoretical job stress models and similar questionnaires in several countries. Scales/items were field-tested and refined through a pilot internet survey. Finally, an 84-item questionnaire (141 items in total when combined with the current BJSQ) was developed. A nationally representative survey was administered to employees in Japan (n=1,633) to examine the reliability and construct validity. Most scales showed acceptable levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Principal component analyses showed that the first factor explained 50% or greater proportion of the variance in most scales. A scale factor analysis and a correlation analysis showed that these scales fit the theoretical expectations. These findings provided a piece of evidence that the New BJSQ scales are reliable and valid. Although more detailed content and construct validity should be examined in future study, the New BJSQ is a useful instrument to evaluate psychosocial work environment and positive mental health outcomes in the current workplace. © 2014 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.

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Association of job demands with work engagement of Japanese employees: Comparison of challenges with hindrances (J-HOPE).

Inoue, A., Kawakami, N., Tsutsumi, A., Shimazu, A., Miyaki, K., Takahashi, M., Kurioka, S., Eguchi, H., Tsuchiya, M., Enta, K., Kosugi, Y., Sakata, T., & Totsuzaki, T.

PLosOne (PLoS ONE) 9 ( 3 ) e91583 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1932-6203

Objectives:Recent epidemiological research in Europe has reported that two groups of job demands, i.e., challenges and hindrances, are differently associated with work engagement. The purpose of the present study was to replicate the crosssectional association of workload and time pressure (as a challenge) and role ambiguity (as a hindrance) with work engagement among Japanese employees. Methods:Between October 2010 and December 2011, a total of 9,134 employees (7,101 men and 1,673 women) from 12 companies in Japan were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Job Content Questionnaire, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Generic Job Stress Questionnaire, short 10-item version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, short nine-item version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and demographic characteristics. Multilevel regression analyses with a random intercept model were conducted. Results: After adjusting for demographic characteristics, workload and time pressure showed a positive association with work engagement with a small effect size (standardized coefficient [β = 0.102, Cohen's d [d] = 0.240) while role ambiguity showed a negative association with a large effect size (β =20.429, d = 1.011). After additionally adjusting for job resources (i.e., decision latitude, supervisor support, co-worker support, and extrinsic reward), the effect size of workload and time pressure was not attenuated (β = 0.093, d = 0.234) while that of role ambiguity was attenuated but still medium (β =20.242, d = 0.609). Conclusions: Among Japanese employees, challenges such as having higher levels of workload and time pressure may enhance work engagement but hindrances, such as role ambiguity, may reduce it. © 2014 Inoue et al.

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Psychological detachment from work during off-job time: Predictive role of work and non-work factors in Japanese employees.

Shimazu, A., de Jonge, J., Kubota, K., & Kawakami, N.

Industrial Health (Industrial Health) 52 ( 2 ) 141 - 146 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00198366

Psychological detachment from work, an off-job experience of "switching off" mentally, seems to be crucial for promoting employee's well-being. Previous studies on predictors of psychological detachment mainly focused on job-related factors, and only a few studies focused on family-related and personal factors. This study focuses not only on job-related factors (job demands, job control, workplace support) but also on family-related (family/friend support) and personal factors (workaholism), and examines the relation of these three factors with psychological detachment. Data of 2,520 Japanese employees was randomly split into two groups and then analyzed using cross-validation. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that family/friend support had a positive association with psychological detachment, whereas a subscale of workaholism (i.e. working compulsively) had negative associations with it across the two groups. Results suggest that family/friend support would facilitate psychological detachment whereas workaholism would inhibit it. © 2014 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.

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Future Occupational Mental Health: Two Proposals from Occupational Health Psychology

SHIMAZU Akihito, KAWAKAMI Norito

TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES (Japan Science Support Foundation) 19 ( 1 ) 1_60 - 1_65 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1342-3363

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Workaholism and Sleep Quality Among Japanese Employees: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Kubota K, Shimazu A, Kawakami N, Takahashi M

International journal of behavioral medicine (International Journal of Behavioral Medicine) 21 ( 1 ) 66 - 76 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

Background: This study focused on workaholism as a personal attitude toward work and examined its effects on sleep quality among Japanese employees from various occupations. Purpose: The present study aimed to demonstrate the prospective association of workaholism(i.e., working excessively hard in a compulsive fashion) with sleep quality among Japanese employees. Methods: AWeb-based prospective survey was conducted in October 2010 and May 2011 among registered monitors of a survey company. The questionnaire included workaholism, sleep quality, job characteristics, and demographics. Overall, 13,564 monitors were randomly invited to complete the first wave of the survey. The first 2,520 respondents were included in this study. The respondents who completed the first wave were invited to complete the second wave of the survey; 2,061 answered. A total of 364 respondents who changed their working conditions during the follow-up period were excluded. In addition, due to missing values, data from 14 respondents were excluded. Thus, the responses from 1,683 respondents were included in the analysis (859 males and 824 females). An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to compare adjusted sleep quality at follow-up among workaholism groups (low, middle, and high). To conduct the ANCOVA, we adjusted for demographics, sleep quality at baseline, and job characteristics. Results: The high-workaholic group had significantly longer sleep latency at follow-up compared with the low- and middle-workaholic groups after adjusting for demographics, sleep latency at baseline, and job characteristics. In addition, the high-workaholic group demonstrated significantly higher levels of daytime dysfunction compared with the low-workaholic group. However, no significant differences were found among workaholic groups in terms of overall sleep quality, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, and use of sleep medication. Conclusion: Workaholism was associated with poor sleep quality at the 7-month follow-up in terms of sleep latency and daytime dysfunction. © International Society of Behavioral Medicine 2012.

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Work engagement versus workaholism: A test of the spillover-crossover model.

Bakker, A.B., Shimazu, A., Demerouti, E., Shimada, K., Kawakami, N.

Journal of Managerial Psychology (Journal of Managerial Psychology) 29 ( 1 ) 63 - 80 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 02683946

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how two different types of heavy work investment - work engagement and workaholism - are related to family satisfaction as reported by employees and their intimate partner. Design/methodology/approach: In total, 398 Japanese couples completed self-reported questionnaires including the model variables. One year later, participants reported again on their family satisfaction. Structural equation modelling analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Findings: As hypothesized, work engagement was positively related to work-family facilitation, which, in turn, predicted own and partner's family satisfaction, also one year later. In contrast, workaholism showed a positive relationship with work-family conflict, and had an indirect negative effect on own and partner's family satisfaction. The structural relationships between the variables from husbands to wives were similar to those from wives to husbands. Research limitations/implications: The use of a non-experimental design does not allow for definitive conclusions regarding causality. Practical implications: The findings contribute to the work-family interface literature by showing how experiences built up at work can have a positive or negative impact on one's partner's family satisfaction. The study highlights a growing need to promote work engagement and discourage workaholism within organizations since engagement has positive and workaholism has negative implications for employees' private life. Originality/value: This study clearly shows the differences between two important work experiences - work engagement and workaholism. Using the spillover-crossover model, the study sheds a new light on the process through which employee work engagement and workaholism influence one's partner at home. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

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Validation of Nepalese version of Utrecht work engagement scale

Panthee B., Shimazu A., Kawakami N.

Journal of Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health) 56 ( 6 ) 421 - 429 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13419145

Objective: The objective of the current study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Nepalese version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-N) in a sample of hospital nurses. Method: Registered nurses from three hospitals in Nepal (total N=438) voluntarily completed a self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the hypothesized three-factor model of the 9-item version of the UWES-N (UWES-N-9) fitted the data best. The internal consistency of the scale was acceptable. Work engagement was positively related to job satisfaction, job performance, happiness and health, and it was negatively related to psychological distress, confirming its construct validity. Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings of our study indicated that the UWES-N-9 has satisfactory psychometric properties and provided supportive evidence for use of the UWES-N-9 in the Nepalese context.

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ワーク・エンゲイジメントメンタルヘルス不調の予防から個人・組織の活性化へ (特集メンタルヘルス対策の新たなキーワード)

島津明人

心とからだのオアシス : ビジネスパーソンのワーキングライフをサポートします (中央労働災害防止協会) 7 ( 4 ) 3 - 7 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1881-9257

Association of Workaholism and Work Engagement with RecoveryExperiences among Japanese Workers

KUBOTA Kazumi, SHIMAZU Akihito, KAWAKAMI Norito

Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine (The Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine) 20 ( 2 ) 69 - 76 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

The present study aimed to demonstrate the association of workaholism and work engagement with recovery experiences among Japanese workers. A web-based survey was conducted in October 2010 among registered monitors of a survey company (Macromill, Inc). A total of 13,564 Japanese workers, who were matched in age, gender and resident area to Japanese representative sample, were randomly invited to the survey including workaholism, work engagement, recovery experiences, job characteristics, and demographics. The first 2,520 respondents were analyzed in this study (1,257 men and 1,263 women: mean age 44.4, SD = 12.9). Structural Equation Modeling was conducted to examine the association between workaholism, work engagement, and recovery experiences. Results show that workaholism and work engagement were weakly and positively related to each other. In addition, workaholism was negatively related to all four subscales of recovery experiences (i.e., psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control). In contrast, work engagement was positively related to three subscales of recovery experience (i.e., relaxation, mastery, and control). These findings suggest that workaholism may inhibit recovery experiences, whereas work engagement may enhance them. Although both workaholism and work engagement share the characteristic of spending much energy for one's work, they are oppositely related to recovery experiences.

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国際行動医学会第13回大会レポート

島津明人, 吉内一浩

Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine (The Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine) 20 ( 2 ) 85 - 87 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

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Required Competency on Behavioral Science for UndergraduateMedical Education: A Survey Using the Delphi Method

Working group on development of a core curriculum for behavioral medicine in undergraduate medical education, NAKAO Mutsuhiro, NAKAYAMA Takeo, HASHIZUME Masahiro, YOSHIUCHI Kazuhiro, TSUTSUMI Akizumi, ISHIKAWA Yoshiki, INUI Akio, INOUE Shigeru, SHIMAZU Akito, SUWA Shigeki, TSUDA Akira, TSUBOI Koji

Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine (The Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine) 20 ( 2 ) 63 - 68 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-6790

To investigate the required competency on behavioral science for graduates in medicine, a survey using the Delphi method was conducted. A working group under the auspices of Japanese Society of Behavioral Medicine developed a list of distinct competency which undergraduate medical students may need to master, and invited 111 society councilors to take part in an online Delphi exercise with two rounds. Recruitment was done by email and 26 participants completed the exercises. Seventeen were psychologists, five clinicians, two nurses and five had backgrounds in social medicine (there is some overlapping). Eight were active lecturers at a medical university and had teaching experience of 11 years on average. The items identified as 'can be explained' were; stress and coping, motivation, behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, user-medical staff relationship, inter-staff relationship, quality of life, social support, self-efficacy, stimulus control, relaxation method, adherence, taking medicine, active listening and inquiry method. The items identified as 'need to understand' were; automation of information processing, locus of control, teaching, social cognition, sexual behavior, and empowerment. Despite of the small sample size, the finding obtained from the experts of this region of science is useful to develop a core curriculum for behavioral medicine in Japanese undergraduate medical education.

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特集「職場が元気になるワーク・エンゲイジメント」にあたって (特集職場が元気になるワーク・エンゲイジメント)

島津明人

産業看護 : 働く人々の健康を支援する産業看護職のネットワークづくりと実践力upの玉手箱 (メディカ出版) 6 ( 3 ) 200 - 203 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1883-0501

労働時間や休暇取得に対する裁量権と勤務スケジュールの不規則性に関する横断調査

久保智英, 高橋正也, 劉欣欣, 東郷史治, 田中克俊, 島津明人, 高屋正敏

労働安全衛生総合研究所特別研究報告 ((独)労働者健康安全機構労働安全衛生総合研究所) ( 43 ) 121 - 125 2013.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1882-8329

情報技術や雇用形態の変化に伴い,労働時間が以前にも増して柔軟でかつ変動的な性質を帯びてきている.最近,特に欧州諸国において,労働者自身が勤務時間や休暇取得に対して裁量を持つことは労働者の健康とポジティブな関連性にあることが指摘され,注目を集めている.しかし,労働者が勤務時間に対して高い裁量を発揮する場合,勤務時間が不規則になり,それによる睡眠の規則性の低下から疲労の長期化,ひいては労働生産性やワーク・ライフ・バランスの低下も一方で懸念される.本研究は,労働者の勤務時間の裁量権と勤務スケジュールの不規則性が疲労の回復,睡眠の質,ワーク・ライフ・バランス,そしてニアミス頻度に与える影響を横断的に質問紙調査によって検討することが目的であった.1,372名の製造業で働く従業員を対象に調査票を配布した(回収率;68.7%).その結果,勤務時間の裁量権が高くてかつ不規則性の低い回答者は,他群に比して疲労回復,睡眠の質,ワーク・ライフ・バランスの指標で有意に良好な傾向を示していた.また,高い裁量権でかつ高い不規則性を示した群は,他群に比べてニアミスが頻繁にみられる傾向が示された.以上のことから,裁量が高くとも規則的な勤務スケジュールで働くことが労働者の健康や安全の向上には重要であることが本研究から示唆された.(著者抄録)

勤務時間の裁量権と健康および労働関連指標に関する追跡調査

高橋正也, 久保智英, 劉欣欣, 東郷史治, 田中克俊, 島津明人, 久保善子, 内山鉄朗

労働安全衛生総合研究所特別研究報告 ((独)労働者健康安全機構労働安全衛生総合研究所) ( 43 ) 127 - 136 2013.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1882-8329

勤務時間の裁量権(Worktime control,WTC)は働き方および休み方をどのくらい自分で決められるかに特化した裁量権である.このWTCは労働者の健康やワーク・ライフ・バランスなど,労働生活に有利であるとして注目されている.今回は半年ごとの追跡調査から,WTCの変化(低→低,低→高,高→低,高→高)と疲労,精神的不調,睡眠不全,仕事による私生活の支障,仕事に関するポジティブな態度(ワーク・エンゲイジメント)との関連を検証した.その際,一回目調査時の労働時間の長さを考慮に入れるとともに,日勤者1,057名と交代勤務者1,091名とを別々に扱った.日勤者では,週労働41-50時間の場合,WTCの増加群は追跡期間中に疲労感が減少し,ワーク・エンゲイジメントは増加する傾向があった.週労働51-60時間の場合,WTCの高値維持群は追跡期間中に仕事による私生活の支障が減少した.また,この群はほかの群より,疲労感と精神的不調が低く,ワーク・エンゲイジメントも高かった.一方,交代勤務者では,週労働1-40時間の場合,WTCの増加群は追跡期間中に疲労感と睡眠不全が減少した.WTCの高値維持群はほかの群よりワーク・エンゲイジメントが高かった.週労働41-50時間の場合,WTCの高値維持群は追跡期間中に睡眠不全が減少した.この群とWTCの増加群はともに,それ以外の群に比べて,仕事による私生活の支障が少なかった.なお,日勤者,交代勤務者とも,WTCの減少群または低値維持群では上記とは概して反対の成績が得られた.これらの結果から,週60時間を超えるような長時間の労働はその削減が優先されるとしても,WTCの増加または高い維持は長時間労働に伴う健康や労働生活上の不利益の減少と関連することが示唆された.(著者抄録)

勤務時間に対する裁量権の1年後の変化からみた労働者の疲労と睡眠の客観評価

久保智英, 高橋正也, 劉欣欣, 東郷史治, 田中克俊, 島津明人, 久保善子, 鎌田直樹, 上杉淳子

労働安全衛生総合研究所特別研究報告 ((独)労働者健康安全機構労働安全衛生総合研究所) ( 43 ) 137 - 141 2013.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1882-8329

本研究では,働く時間や休み方に対して労働者自身がどの程度決定できるかの「勤務時間の裁量権の1年後の変化と,労働者の疲労と睡眠の関連性を検討するために1年間の縦断調査を実施した.先行研究の多くがアンケート調査に基づく主観評価による知見であるのに対して,本研究では疲労と睡眠の客観評価を試みた.その際,主観的な訴えではなく他覚的に疲労と睡眠をとらえるため,刺激に対する反応時間の遅れから疲労をとらえる反応時間と,腕時計型睡眠計による活動量のパターンから推定される睡眠を測定指標として用いた.37名の労働者(平均年齢±標準偏差;41.9±12.8歳,うち9名が女性)を対象に,勤務時間の裁量権が初回調査に比べて増加した群,低下した群,変わらなかった群の3群に分けて,疲労と睡眠の指標を比較・検討した.結果,反応時間検査では1年後の増加群は他群に比して統計的に良好な結果が観察された.しかし,睡眠の質の指標である睡眠効率では3群間に統計的な差は示されなかった.本研究により,勤務時間の裁量権の増加は,中長期的にみて疲労の低減と結びつく可能性が示唆された.(著者抄録)

Work-self balance: A longitudinal study on the effects of job demands and resources on personal functioning in Japanese working parents

Demerouti E, Shimazu A, Bakker A, Shimada K, Kawakami N

Work & Stress (Work and Stress) 27 ( 3 ) 223 - 243 2013.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 02678373

In work-family research the effects on the individual, or the "self", in terms of personal interests independent of the work and family domains, have been largely neglected. This longitudinal study on 471 Japanese employees with young children investigated how job demands and job resources may have an impact on well-being by facilitating or hindering personal functioning. It was hypothesized that workload would have an unfavourable impact on work-to-self conflict, while supervisor support would have a favourable impact on work-to-self facilitation. In addition, we hypothesized that work-self conflict would diminish well-being (psychological distress and happiness), while work-self facilitation would enhance well-being over time. Structural equation modelling analyses using a full panel design showed that work overload was positively related to work-self conflict over time, whereas supervisor support was positively related to work-self facilitation. Furthermore, work-self conflict predicted psychological distress and happiness at T2, one year later, after controlling for T1 levels. These findings suggest that the demands and resources encountered at work can spill over to the home domain and have an impact on personal functioning and context-free well-being. Further research is needed to determine the importance of work-self constructs in relation to work-family constructs. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

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ここから始める! ポジティブメンタルヘルス(第3回)組織活性化のポイント : 健康の増進と生産性の向上の両立に向けて

島津明人

人材教育 : 人材開発の実践情報誌 (日本能率協会マネジメントセンター) 25 ( 7 ) 116 - 118 2013.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Job demands, job resources, and work engagement of Japanese employees: a prospective cohort study.

Inoue A, Kawakami N, Tsuno K, Shimazu A, Tomioka K, Nakanishi M

International archives of occupational and environmental health (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health) 86 ( 4 ) 441 - 449 2013.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0340-0131

Purpose Research on the prospective association of job demands and job resources with work engagement is still limited in Asian countries, such as Japan. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prospective association of job demands (i.e., psychological demands and extrinsic effort) and job resources (i.e., decision latitude, supervisor support, co-worker support, and extrinsic reward), based on the job demands-control (JD-C) [or demand-control-support (DCS)] model and the effortreward imbalance (ERI) model, with work engagement among Japanese employees. Methods The participants included 423 males and 672 females from five branches of a manufacturing company in Japan. Self-administered questionnaires, including the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ), the nine-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), and demographic characteristics, were administered at baseline (August 2009). At one-year follow-up (August 2010), the UWES-9 was used again to assess work engagement. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results After adjusting for demographic characteristics and work engagement at baseline, higher psychological demands and decision latitude were positively and significantly associated with greater work engagement at followup (b = 0.054, p = 0.020 for psychological demands and b = 0.061, p = 0.020 for decision latitude). Conclusions Having higher psychological demands and decision latitude may enhance work engagement among Japanese employees. © Springer-Verlag 2012.

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【これからの職場のメンタルヘルスの第一次予防】科学的根拠に基づいた職場のメンタルヘルスの第一次予防のガイドライン　職場のメンタルヘルスのための職場環境改善の評価と改善に関するガイドライン

吉川徹, 吉川悦子, 土屋政雄, 小林由佳, 島津明人, 堤明純, 小田切優子, 小木和孝, 川上憲人

産業ストレス研究 (日本産業ストレス学会) 20 ( 2 ) 135 - 145 2013.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1340-7724

職場環境等の評価と改善の普及・浸透に関する科学的根拠に基づく(EBM)ガイドラインについて検討した。EBMガイドライン案の作成のために、国内外の研究論文をレビューした。職場環境開発を通じたストレス対策EBMガイドライン作成のための対象文献は、レビュー文献から整理し、33文献を基本として抽出した。国内外の文献レビューに基づいて「職場環境等の評価と改善に関する科学的根拠に基づく(EBM)ガイドライン案」を精査し、最終的に4領域合計12項目、八つの推奨項目と四つのヒント項目が含まれる形に整理して、EBMガイドラインを作成した。

Socioeconomic status is significantly associated with dietary salt intakes and blood pressure in Japanese workers (J-HOPE Study).

Miyaki K, Song Y, Taneichi S, Tsutsumi A, Hashimoto H, Kawakami N, Takahashi M, Shimazu A, Inoue A, Kurioka S, Shimbo T

International journal of environmental research and public health (3) 10 ( 3 ) 980 - 993 2013.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1661-7827

The association of socioeconomic status (SES) with nutrients intakes attracts public attention worldwide. In the current study, we examined the associations of SES with dietary salt intake and health outcomes in general Japanese workers (2,266) who participated in this Japanese occupational cohort. SES was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intakes were assessed with a validated, brief, self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). Multiple linear regression and stratified analysis were used to evaluate the associations of salt intake with the confounding factors. Education levels and household incomes were significantly associated with salt intake, as well as blood pressures (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex and total energy intake, both years of education and household income significantly affect the salt intake (for education, β = -0.031, P = 0.040; for household income, β = -0.046, P = 0.003). SES factors also affect the risk of hypertension, those subjects with higher levels of education or income had lower risk to become hypertensive (ORs for education was 0.904, P < 0.001; ORs for income was 0.956, P = 0.032). Our results show that SES is an independent determinant of salt intake and blood pressure, in order to lower the risk of hypertension, the efforts to narrow the social status gaps should be considered by the health policy-makers. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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Socioeconomic status is significantly associated with the dietary intakes of folate and depression scales in japanese workers (J-HOPE Study)

Miyaki K, Song Y, Taneichi S, Tsutsumi A, Hashimoto H, Kawakami N, Takahashi M, Shimazu A, Inoue A, Kurioka S, Shimbo T

Nutrients (2) 5 ( 2 ) 565 - 578 2013.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 20726643

The association of socioeconomic status (SES) with nutrient intake attracts public attention worldwide. In the current study, we examined the associations of SES with dietary intake of folate and health outcomes in general Japanese workers. This Japanese occupational cohort consisted off 2266 workers. SES was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Intakes of all nutrients were assessed with a validated, brief and self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). The degree of depressive symptoms was measured by the validated Japanese version of the K6 scale. Multiple linear regression and stratified analysis were used to evaluate the associations of intake with the confounding factors. Path analysis was conducted to describe the impacts of intake on health outcomes. Education levels and household incomes were significantly associated with intake of folate and depression scales (p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex and total energy intake, years of education significantly affect the folate intake (β = 0.117, p < 0.001). The structural equation model (SEM) shows that the indirect effect of folate intake is statistically significant and strong (p < 0.05, 56% of direct effect) in the pathway of education level to depression scale. Our study shows both education and income are significantly associated with depression scales in Japanese workers, and the effort to increase the folate intake may alleviate the harms of social disparities on mental health. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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Effects on employees of controlling working hours and working schedules.

Kubo T, Takahashi M, Togo F, Liu X, Shimazu A, Tanaka K, Takaya M.

Occupational Medicine (Occupational Medicine) 63 ( 2 ) 148 - 151 2013.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 09627480

Background: High levels of control over working time and low variability in working hours have been associated with improved health-related outcomes. The potential mechanisms for this association remain unclear. Aims: To examine how work-time control and variability of working times are associated with fatigue recovery, sleep quality, work-life balance, and 'near misses' at work. Methods: Manufacturing sector employees completed a questionnaire that assessed work-time control, worktime variability, fatigue recovery, sleep quality, work-life balance and the frequency of near misses in the past 6 months. Mixed model analysis of covariance and multiple logistic regression analysis tested the main effects of work-time control and variability and their interaction, while adjusting for age, sex, work schedules, and overtime work in the past month. Subscales of work-time control were also investigated (control over daily working hours and over days off). Results: One thousand three hundred and seventy-two completed questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 69%. A significantly higher quality of sleep and better work-life balance were found in the 'high control with low variability' reference group than in the other groups. Significantly better recovery of fatigue was also observed in the group having control over days off with low variability. While near misses were more frequent in the group with high control over daily working hours coupled with high variability compared with the reference group this was not significant. Conclusions: High work-time control and low variability were associated with favourable outcomes of health and work-life balance. This combined effect was not observed for the safety outcome addressed here. © The Author 2013 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Occupational Medicine.

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ワーク・エンゲイジメントが人と組織を元気にする (特集働くことの意味)

島津明人

労働の科学 (労働科学研究所出版部) 68 ( 1 ) 8 - 11 2013.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0035-7774

Dual experiences of work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict: A spillover-crossover perspective.

Shimazu A, Kubota K, Bakker AB, Demerouti E, Shimada K, Kawakami N

Journal of Occupational Health 55 234 - 243 2013

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

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Japanese dietary pattern consistently relates to low depressive symptoms and it is modified by job strain and worksite supports

Suzuki T, Miyaki K, Tsutsumi A, Hashimoto H, Kawakami N, Takahashi M, Shimazu A, Inoue A, Kurioka S, Kakehashi M, Sasaki Y, Shimbo T, For the J-HOPE study group (the Japanese study of Health, Occupation, and Psychosocial factors related Equity)

Journal of Affective Disorders (Journal of Affective Disorders) 150 ( 2 ) 490 - 498 2013

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 01650327

Background This study examined the association between traditional Japanese dietary pattern and depressive symptoms in Japanese workers, employing large-scale samples, considering socioeconomic status (SES) and job stress factors. Methods A cross-sectional study of 2266 Japanese employees aged 21-65 years from all areas of Japan was conducted as part of the Japanese Study of Health, Occupation and Psychosocial factors related Equity (J-HOPE). Habitual diet was assessed by FFQ (BDHQ). The depression degree and job stress factors (job demand, job control, and worksite support) were measured by K6 and Job Content Questionnaire. Results Participants with high scores for the balanced Japanese dietary pattern were significantly less likely to show probable mood/anxiety disorders (K6≥9) with multivariate adjustment including SES and job stress factors (odds ratio=0.66 [0.51-0.86], trend P=0.002). Other dietary patterns were not associated with depressive symptoms. Even after stratification by job stress factors, the Japanese dietary pattern was consistently protective against depressive symptoms. Furthermore, a highly significant difference between the first and third tertiles of the dietary pattern was observed in participants with active strain (high demand and high control) with low worksite supports (8.5 vs. 5.2, P=0.011). Limitations Female participant sample was relatively small. Conclusions Japanese dietary pattern consistently related to low depressive symptoms in this large-scale cohort of Japanese workers, even after adjusting for SES and job stress factors. The protective impact is especially strong for workers with active strain and low support. Making better use of traditional dietary patterns may facilitate reducing social disparities in mental health. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

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Psychosocial mechanisms of psychological health disparity in Japanese workers

Shimazu A, Kawakami N, Kubota K, Inoue A, Kurioka S, Miyaki K, Takahashi M, Tsutsumi A

Industrial Health (Industrial Health) 51 ( 5 ) 472 - 481 2013

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00198366

Recent epidemiologic research has shown that people with higher socioeconomic status (SES) (e.g., educational attainment) have better psychological health than those with lower SES. However, the psychosocial mechanisms of underlying this relationship remain unclear. To fill this gap, the current study examines the mediating effects of job demands and job resources in the relationship between educational attainment and psychological distress. The hypothesized model was tested using large data sets from two different studies: a cross-sectional study of 9,652 Japanese employees from 12 workplaces (Study 1), and a longitudinal study of 1,957 Japanese employees (Study 2). Structural equation modeling revealed that (1) educational attainment was positively related to psychological distress through job demands, (2) educational attainment was negatively related to psychological distress through job resources, and (3) educational attainment was not directly related to psychological distress. These results suggest that educational attainment has an indirect effect, rather than a direct one, on psychological distress among workers; educational attainment had both a positive and a negative relationship to psychological distress through job demands and job resources, respectively. © 2013 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.

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インタビュー「健康いきいき職場づくり」でポジティブなメンタルヘルス対策を : 東京大学大学院医学系研究科精神保健学分野川上憲人教授/島津明人准教授に聞く (特集職場の活性化を考える)

川上憲人, 島津明人

ワークライフ = Work life (日本生産性本部生産性労働情報センター) 2 3 - 9 2013

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Workaholism as a risk factor for depression, disabling back pain, and sickness absence among Japanese workers

Matsudaira K, Shimazu A, Fujii T, Kubota K, Sawada T, Kikuchi N, Takahashi M

PLoS ONE (PLoS ONE) 8 ( 9 ) e75140 - doi:10.1371/journal.pone.00751 2013

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1932-6203

Objectives:Although it is understood that work-related factors, including job demands, job control, and workplace support, are associated with workers' health and well-being, the role played by personal characteristics, especially workaholism, has not been fully investigated. This study examined workaholism's associations with psychological ill health, low back pain with disability, and sickness absence among Japanese workers.Methods:A cross-sectional Internet survey was conducted using self-administered questionnaires. Data from 3,899 Japanese workers were analyzed. Workaholism was measured using the Dutch Workaholism Scale (DUWAS). Scores were divided into tertiles, where respondents were classified into three groups (high, middle, and low). Depressive mood as a measure of psychological ill health was assessed using the SF-36 mental health subscale, and low back pain using a standardized question. Sickness absence, except that due to physical injuries, was categorized either as absence due to mental health problems or to physical/somatic problems including the common cold. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between workaholism and depressive mood, low back pain with disability, and sickness absence, adjusting for demographic characteristics, job demand, job control, and workplace support.Results:Compared to the low workaholism group, the middle and high workaholism groups had significantly higher odds for depressive mood (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.93 and 3.62 for the middle and high groups, respectively), disabling back pain (ORs = 1.36 and 1.77 for the middle and high groups, respectively). Workaholism was more strongly associated with sickness absence due to mental health problems than that for other reasons (ORs = 1.76 vs. 1.21 for the middle group and 3.52 vs. 1.37 for the high groups).Conclusions:Workaholism is significantly associated with poor psychological health, disabling back pain, and sickness absence, particularly from mental health problems. Therefore, workaholism must be considered when addressing well-being of workers. © 2013 Matsudaira et al.

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未就学児を持つ共働き夫婦におけるワーク・ライフ・バランスと精神的健康　1年間の縦断データから

島田恭子, 島津明人, 川上憲人

厚生の指標 ((一財)厚生労働統計協会) 59 ( 15 ) 10 - 18 2012.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0452-6104

目的従来のワーク・ライフ・バランス(以下,WLB)と精神的健康に関する研究では横断研究が多く要因間の因果関係を特定できない限界があった。また「仕事と家庭役割間のネガティブなスピルオーバー」が主に注目され「両役割間のポジティブなスピルオーバー」を考慮した研究は少ない。本研究は,両役割間のネガティブおよびポジティブなスピルオーバーが心理的ストレス反応に与える影響を,縦断データを用いて検討することを目的とした。方法ベースライン調査(T1:2008年11月)は都内某区の保育園に子どもを通わせる共働き夫婦を対象に実施され2,992名が回答した。フォローアップ調査(T2:2010年1月)は,T1調査時にT2調査への参加に同意した1,466名を対象に実施され,963名が回答した(追跡率65.7%)。本研究では,両調査での有効回答者894名(男性394名,女性500名)を分析対象とした。解析は,心理的ストレス反応(T2)を従属変数とし,以下のステップで独立変数を追加投入する階層的重回帰分析を男女別に行った。ステップ1:基本属性(T1),ステップ2:心理的ストレス反応(T1),ステップ3:仕事領域変数(T1:量的負担,裁量権,サポート),ステップ4:家庭領域変数(T1:量的負担,裁量権,サポート),ステップ5:WLB変数(T1:仕事から家庭へのネガティブ・スピルオーバー,家庭から仕事へのネガティブ・スピルオーバー,仕事から家庭へのポジティブ・スピルオーバー,家庭から仕事へのポジティブ・スピルオーバー)結果男性ではステップ5で,仕事から家庭へのネガティブ・スピルオーバー(T1)が,心理的ストレス反応(T2)と正の関連を示していた。女性では家庭での量的負担(T1)が正の関連を,家庭での裁量権(T1)が負の関連を示していた。ポジティブ・スピルオーバーは,男女ともに心理的ストレス反応(T2)と有意な関連を示さなかった。結論男性では仕事から家庭へのネガティブなスピルオーバーが1年後の心理的ストレス反応の高さに関連している一方,女性では家庭の量的負担と裁量権が1年後の心理的ストレス反応に関連していた。わが国の共働き夫婦の精神的健康を考える際,男性では仕事から家庭へのネガティブなスピルオーバーに,女性では家庭での負担の低減と裁量権を上げることの重要性が示唆された。本研究ではポジティブ・スピルオーバーは,男女ともに1年後の心理的ストレス反応と有意な関連を示さなかったが,さらに他の健康アウトカムとの関連を含め研究が行われるべきである。(著者抄録)

未就学児を持つ共働き夫婦におけるワーク・ライフ・バランスと精神的健康 : 1年間の縦断データから

島田恭子, 島津明人, 川上憲人

厚生の指標 (厚生労働統計協会) 59 ( 15 ) 10 - 18 2012.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0452-6104

Return to work system overseas : A case in the Netherlands

島津明人, 今村幸太郎

臨床精神医学 (アークメディア) 41 ( 11 ) 1601 - 1606 2012.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0300-032X

HEALTH INEQUALITIES AMONG JAPANESE WORKERS: JAPANESE STUDY OF HEALTH, OCCUPATION AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTOR

Tsutsumi A., Inoue A., Kurioka S., Miyaki K., Takahashi M., Shimazu A., Kosugi Y., Enta K., Eguchi H., Kawakami N.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE 19 S19 - S20 2012.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG JAPANESE WORKERS WITH HIGH OR LOW JOB INSECURITY: FINDINGS FROM THE JAPANESE STUDY OF HEALTH, OCCUPATION, AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS RELATED EQUITY (J-HOPE)

Inoue A., Kawakami N., Tsutsumi A., Shimazu A., Miyaki K., Takahashi M., Kurioka S., Eguchi H., Enta K., Kosugi Y., Sakata T.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE 19 S312 - S313 2012.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

LONGITUDINAL EFFECTS OF WORK-FAMILY SPILLOVER: IMPACTS ON PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG JAPANESE DUAL-EARNER COUPLES WITH PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Shimada K., Shimazu A., Bakker A. B., Demerouti E., Kawakami N.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE 19 S18 - S19 2012.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

Sleep and fatigue associated with levels of worktime control and worktime variability: a cross-sectional investigation

Takahashi M., Kubo T., Liu X., Togo F., Shimazu A., Tanaka K., Uchiyama T.

JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH 21 270 - 270 2012.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0962-1105

WORKAHOLISM AND SLEEP QUALITY AMONG JAPANESE EMPLOYEES: FINDING FROM A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Kubota K., Shimazu A., Kawakami N., Takahashi M.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE 19 S108 - S109 2012.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

TOWARDS HEALTHY EMPLOYEES IN A HEALTHY ORGANIZATION: A WEB-BASED QUESTIONNAIRE FOR WORKPLACE ASSESSMENT (ACTIVE)

Shimazu A., Kawakami N.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE 19 S328 - S328 2012.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

Do workaholism and work engagement predict employee well-being and performance in opposite directions?

Shimazu A., Schaufeli W., Kubota K., Kawakami N.

Industrial Health (Industrial Health) 50 ( 4 ) 316 - 321 2012.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 00198366

This study investigated the distinctiveness between workaholism and work engagement by examining their longitudinal relationships (measurement interval=7 months) with well-being and performance in a sample of 1,967 Japanese employees from various occupations. Based on a previous cross-sectional study (Shimazu & Schaufeli, 2009), we expected that workaholism predicts future unwell-being (i.e., high ill-health and low life satisfaction) and poor job performance, whereas work engagement predicts future well-being (i.e., low ill-health and high life satisfaction) and superior job performance. T1-T2 changes in ill-health, life satisfaction and job performance were measured as residual scores that were then included in the structural equation model. Results showed that workaholism and work engagement were weakly and positively related to each other. In addition, workaholism was related to an increase in ill-health and to a decrease in life satisfaction. In contrast, work engagement was related to a decrease in ill-health and to increases in both life satisfaction and job performance. These findings suggest that workaholism and work engagement are two different kinds of concepts that are oppositely related to well-being and performance. © 2012 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.

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Validation of the Japanese version of the recovery experience questionnaire

Shimazu A., Sonnentag S., Kubota K., Kawakami N.

Journal of Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health) 54 ( 3 ) 196 - 205 2012.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13419145

Objectives: The aim of this study was to validate the Japanese version of the Recovery Experience Questionnaire (REQ-J), which assesses how individuals unwind and recuperate from work during leisure time (i.e., psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery and control). Methods: The translated and back-translated REQ was administered via the Internet to 2,520 Japanese employees from various occupations. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate factorial validity. The relationship with potential predictors and consequences of recovery experiences were investigated to evaluate construct validity. Internal consistency was examined to evaluate its reliability. Results: A series of confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the hypothesized four-factor model fit the data best. Construct validity was generally supported by expected correlations of recovery experiences with possible predictors and consequences. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each of the four subscales was sufficient (0.85-0.89). Conclusions: This study confirmed that the REQ-J is an adequate measure of recovery experiences that can be used in the Japanese context.

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Psychosocial Mechanisms of the Relationship between Social Inequity and Health : A Test of Mediating Effect of Job Demands and Resources

島津明人, 窪田和巳, 高田未里

ストレス科学 : 日本ストレス学会誌 (日本ストレス学会) 27 ( 1 ) 60 - 66 2012.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1349-4813

社会格差と健康　ストレス科学の貢献　社会格差と健康の心理社会的メカニズム　仕事の要求度と資源の媒介効果の検討

島津明人, 窪田和巳, 高田未里, 川上憲人

ストレス科学 (日本ストレス学会) 27 ( 1 ) 60 - 66 2012.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1349-4813

本研究では,学歴と心理的ストレス反応との関連における仕事の要求度と仕事の資源の媒介効果を検討した。2,520名のさまざまな職種の労働者を対象にWEBを利用した調査を行い,2,514名のデータを解析に用いた(男性1,255名,女性1,259名:平均年齢44.4歳,SD=12.9)。仮説モデルは共分散構造分析によって検討した。分析の結果,次の3点が明らかになった:1)学歴は仕事の要求度を通じて心理的ストレス反応と正の関連を有していること,2)学歴は仕事の資源を通じて心理的ストレス反応と負の関連を有していること,3)学歴の心理的ストレス反応に対する直接効果は有意ではないこと。結果より,学歴は心理的ストレス反応に対して,直接効果ではなく間接効果を有していること,また,その間接効果においては,学歴が仕事の要求度と仕事の資源を通じて,それぞれ正および負の関連を有していることが示唆された。(著者抄録)

職場のメンタルヘルス対策における第一次予防 : 科学的根拠にもとづくセルフケアを中心に (特集メンタルヘルスの現状と対策 : 地域・職場・学校における)

島津明人

保健の科学 (杏林書院) 54 ( 5 ) 315 - 319 2012.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0018-3342

Folate intake and depressive symptoms in Japanese workers considering SES and job stress factors: J-HOPE study.

Miyaki K, Song Y, Htun NC, Tsutsumi A, Hashimoto H, Kawakami N, Takahashi M, Shimazu A, Inoue A, Kurioka S, Shimbo T

BMC psychiatry (BMC Psychiatry) 12 33 2012.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1471-244X

Background: Recently socioeconomic status (SES) and job stress index received more attention to affect mental health. Folate intake has been implicated to have negative association with depression. However, few studies were published for the evidence association together with the consideration of SES and job stress factors. The current study is a part of the Japanese study of Health, Occupation and Psychosocial factors related Equity (J-HOPE study) that focused on the association of social stratification and health and our objective was to clarify the association between folate intake and depressive symptoms in Japanese general workers.Methods: Subjects were 2266 workers in a Japanese nationwide company. SES and job stress factors were assessed by self-administered questionnaire. Folate intake was estimated by a validated, brief, self-administered diet history questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were measured by Kessler's K6 questionnaire. " Individuals with depressive symptoms" was defined as K6≧9 (in K6 score of 0-24 scoring system). Multiple logistic regression and linear regression model were used to evaluate the association between folate and depressive symptoms.Results: Several SES factors (proportion of management positions, years of continuous employment, and annual household income) and folate intake were found to be significantly lower in the subjects with depressive symptom (SES factors: p < 0.001; folate intake: P = 0.001). There was an inverse, independent linear association between K6 score and folate intake after adjusting for age, sex, job stress scores (job strains, worksite supports), and SES factors (p = 0.010). The impact of folate intake on the prevalence of depressive symptom by a multiple logistic model was (ORs[95% CI]: 0.813 [0.664-0.994]; P =0.044).Conclusions: Our cross-sectional study suggested an inverse, independent relation of energy-adjusted folate intake with depression score and prevalence of depressive symptoms in Japanese workers, together with the consideration of SES and job stress factors. © 2012 Miyaki et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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ひきこもり青年の親の困難感尺度の開発(Development of a scale of difficulties experienced by parents of children with hikikomori syndrome)

船越明子, 宮本有紀, 島津明人

三重県立看護大学紀要 (三重県立看護大学研究支援委員会) 15 39 - 55 2012.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1343-8905

ひきこもり青年の親の直面する困難感を測定する評価尺度を開発し、その信頼性と妥当性について検討した。ひきこもりの親176名からデータを収集した。尺度の有効性を確認するために、予備的確認的因子分析を行った。基準関連妥当性を評価するために、家族の困難感尺度得点はCES-D、QOLと比較し、変数は相関係数によってひきこもり青年と関連した。3構造尺度を構築し、婚姻関係の困難(5項目)、子供との精神的な葛藤(7項目)、支援資源利用の困難(6項目)に一致した。二次構造モデルは、3因子モデルが適切であることを示すが、goodness-of-fit基準は満たしていなかった。総スコアは、WHO/QOLスコアとは有意に負の相関を、CES-Dスコアとは有意に正の相関を示した。内的整合性は十分な値であった。

臨地実習生の質の確保のための看護系大学共用試験(CBT)の開発的研究　CBT試験問題の作成とそのモニター試験結果の統計的分析を中心にして

柳井晴夫, 亀井智子, 松谷美和子, 奥裕美, 麻原きよみ, 井部俊子, 及川郁子, 大久保暢子, 片岡弥恵子, 萱間真美, 鶴若麻理, 林直子, 森明子, 吉田千文, 伊藤圭, 小口江美子, 菅田勝也, 島津明人, 佐伯圭一郎, 西川浩昭

聖路加看護大学紀要 (聖路加看護大学) ( 38 ) 1 - 9 2012.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0289-2863

近年、看護系大学の急増と医療の高度化に伴い、卒業までに取得すべき看護実践能力の評価の重要性が増加している。その一環として、臨地実習に入る直前の段階までに看護学生が取得すべき知識・能力を正しく評価しておくことは看護実習の適正化のための急務の課題である。このような状況に鑑み、臨地実習以前に必要とされる知識・能力の到達度を検証することを目的として、看護学領域から1,260の多肢選択式形式の設問を作成し、全23大学730名の学生に紙筆形式のモニター試験、および8大学220名の学生に対するコンピュータ試験(CBT:Computer Based Testing)を実施し、そのテスト結果を分析したところ、基礎医学、看護専門科目I、IIの合計点のα信頼性係数は0.9以上の高い値となった。さらにCBT試験と紙筆試験の比較によって、CBT試験の全国看護系大学共用試験としての有用性を確認した。(著者抄録)

人と組織がイキイキする「ポジティブ・メンタルヘルスケア」 (特集高ストレス時代を生き抜くポジティブ・メンタルヘルスケア)

島津明人, 石原野恵

人材教育 : 人材開発の実践情報誌 (日本能率協会マネジメントセンター) 24 ( 2 ) 26 - 29 2012.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Development of a scale of difficulties experienced by parents of children with hikikomori syndrome

Funakoshi A, Miyamoto Y, Shimazu A

Journal of Mie Prefectural College of Nursing 15 39 - 55 2012

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Association of parental work-life balance and mental health with their children's emotional and behavioral problems

島田恭子, 島津明人, 川上憲人

研究助成論文集 (明治安田こころの健康財団) ( 48 ) 70 - 78 2012

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0910-6553

職場のメンタルヘルスと個人・組織の活性化 : ワーク・エンゲイジメントの視点から (Special Feature 元気の出る職場づくり : ストレスに負けないメンタルヘルス支援)

島津明人

産業看護 : 働く人々の健康を支援する産業看護職のネットワークづくりと実践力upの玉手箱 (メディカ出版) 4 ( 4 ) 334 - 337 2012

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1883-0501

Workaholism and well-being among Japanese dual-earner couples: a spillover-crossover perspective.

Shimazu A, Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Shimada K, Kawakami N

Social science & medicine (3) 73 ( 3 ) 399 - 409 2011.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0277-9536

This study among Japanese dual-earner couples examined the impact of workaholism on employees' and their partners' work-family conflicts and psychological distress. The matched responses of 994 couples were analyzed with logistic regression analyses. Results showed that workaholics (i.e., employees scoring high on both working excessively and working compulsively) were more likely to experience work-to-family conflict and psychological distress compared to relaxed workers (i.e., low on both working excessively and working compulsively) for both genders. Results also showed that husbands of workaholic women were more likely to experience family-to-work conflict, whereas wives of workaholic men were not. These findings integrate and expand previous findings on workaholism and the recently formulated spillover-crossover model. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

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[THE EMPIRICAL DISTINCTIVENESS OF WORK ENGAGEMENT AND WORKAHOLISM AMONG HOSPITAL NURSES IN JAPAN : THE EFFECT ON SLEEP QUALITY AND JOB PERFORMANCE].

Kubota K, Shimazu A, Kawakami N, Takahashi M, Nakata A, Schaufeli WB

Ciencia & trabajo : C&T 13 ( 41 ) 152 - 157 2011.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0718-0306

Crossover of work engagement among Japanese couples: Perspective taking by both partners.

Bakker AB, Shimazu A, Demerouti E, Shimada K, Kawakami N

Journal of occupational health psychology (1) 16 ( 1 ) 112 - 125 2011.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1076-8998

This study among 426 Japanese couples working in different occupational sectors tested the hypothesis that perspective taking moderates the crossover of work engagement. More specifically, we predicted that husbands' work engagement would cross over to their wives, particularly when wives scored high on perspective taking (the spontaneous tendency to adopt the psychological perspective of other people). A similar effect was predicted from wives to husbands. In addition, we hypothesized that the crossover effect would be most pronounced when both partners were high in perspective taking (i.e., a 3-way interaction effect). The results of moderated structural equation modeling analyses confirmed the moderating role of perspective taking, but only for women; women who took the perspective of their partner scored higher on engagement with increasing partner engagement. Moreover, the results showed that engagement crossover was strongest when both men and women were high (vs. low) in perspective taking. This 3-way interaction effect was found from husbands to wives, and vice versa. These findings expand the crossover literature by shedding light on the crossover process. © 2011 American Psychological Association.

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Future directions of clinical psychology in the work settings

島津明人

Japanese journal of clinical psychology (金剛出版) 11 ( 1 ) 42 - 44 2011.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13459171

Distinción empírica entre engagement y trabajolismo en enfermeras hospitalarias de Japón: Efecto sobre la calidad del sueño y el desempeño laboral

Kubota K, Shimazu A, Kawakami N, Takahashi M, Nakata A, Schaufeli WB.

Ciencia & Trabajo 13 152 - 157 2011

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

産業保健心理学:－現状と今後の方向性－

島津明人, 小杉正太郎

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association (The Japanese Psychological Association) 75 ( 0 ) ITL03 - ITL03 2011

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

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職場のストレスとメンタルヘルス:－ポジティブアプローチによる新しい展開－

島津明人, 小杉正太郎, 原谷隆史, 川人潤子, 真船浩介, 髙ハシ美保

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association (The Japanese Psychological Association) 75 ( 0 ) WS072 - WS072 2011

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

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Work-family conflict in Japan: How job and home demands affect psychological distress

Shimazu A., Bakker A., Demerouti E., Peeters M.

Industrial Health (Industrial Health) 48 ( 6 ) 766 - 774 2010.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 00198366

The aim of the present study was to examine how job and home demands are related to psychological distress in a sample of Japanese working parents with preschool children (n=196). We expected that job and home demands are partially related to psychological distress through work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC), respectively. Structural equation modeling showed that, as expected, home demands were partially related to psychological distress, both directly and indirectly through FWC. In contrast, job demands were only directly related to psychological distress. The differences between the roles of FWC and WFC are discussed using identity theory.

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Work engagement from a cultural perspective

Shimazu A., Miyanaka D., Schaufeli W.

Handbook of Employee Engagement: Perspectives, Issues, Research and Practice (Handbook of Employee Engagement: Perspectives, Issues, Research and Practice) 364 - 372 2010.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 9781848448216

Work-family Conflict in Japan: How Job and Home Demands Affect Psychological Distress

Shimazu Akihito, Bakker Arnold B., Demerouti Evangelia, Peeters Maria C. W.

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 48 ( 6 ) 766 - 774 2010.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0019-8366

Work-family conflict in Japan: how job and home demands affect psychological distress

Shimazu Akihito, Bakker Arnold B., Demerouti Evangelia

Industrial health (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health) 48 ( 6 ) 766 - 774 2010.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 00198366

ストレスマネジメントメンタルヘルス対策の新指標「ワーク・エンゲイジメント」--健康度の高い労働者による生産性の高い職場づくりに向けて

島津明人

ビジネスガイド (日本法令) 47 ( 13 ) 60 - 65 2010.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Work-family spillover among Japanese dual-earner couples: a large community-based study.

Shimada K, Shimazu A, Bakker AB, Demerouti E, Kawakami N.

Journal of Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health) 52 ( 6 ) 335 - 343 2010.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1341-9145|1348-9585

Objectives: To examine the effects of multiple types of work-family spillover (work-to-family negative spillover, WFNS; family-to-work negative spillover, FWNS; and work-family positive spillover, WFPS) on psychological distress among Japanese dual-earner couples with preschool children. Methods: 2,346 parents completed questionnaires measuring work-family spillover, work- and family-specific variables (i.e., job demands and resources, family demands and resources), and psychological distress. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted by entering demographic characteristics (gender, age, age of the youngest child, and job contract) in step 1, job demands and resources in step 2, family demands and resources in step 3, work-family spillover in step 4, and three two-way interactions between types of work-family spillover and gender in the final step. Results: Both WFNS and FWNS were positively related to psychological distress after controlling for demographic characteristics and domain specific variables (i.e. job and family demands/resources), and FWNS (β=0.26) had a stronger relation with psychological distress than WFNS (β=0.16). Although WFPS was significantly and negatively related to psychological distress, the relationship was weak (β=-0.05). In addition, two-way interactions of WFNS and FWNS with gender were found; the impact of both WFNS and FWNS on psychological distress is stronger for females than for males. No significant interaction effect was observed between WFPS and gender. Conclusions: In this study of Japanese dual-earner couples with preschool children, work-family negative spillover had a stronger relationship with psychological distress than positive spillover. Gender had a moderating effect on the relationship between negative spillover and psychological distress.

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5-HTTLPR POLYMORPHISM, EDUCATION, AND STRESS COPING IN A SAMPLE OF JAPANESE WORKERS

Kawakami Norito, Inoue Akiomi, Ishizaki Masao, Shimazu Akihito, Tsuchiya Masao, Kuroda Mitsuyo, Kitazume Akiko, Akiyama Miki, Tabata Masaji

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE 17 63 - 64 2010.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

ワーク・エンゲイジメントに注目した人と組織の活性化ワーク・エンゲイジメントを高めることで個人の健康度アップと組織の活性化にも寄与

島津明人

労働基準広報 (労働調査会) ( 1684 ) 6 - 15 2010.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Work-family conflict in Japan: how job and home demands affect psychological distress.

Shimazu A, Bakker AB, Demerouti E, Peeters MC.

Industrial Health 48 ( 6 ) 766 - 774 2010.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0019-8366|1880-8026

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How does workaholism affect worker health and performance? The mediating role of coping.

Shimazu A, Schaufeli WB, Taris TW.

International Journal of Behavioral Medicine (International Journal of Behavioral Medicine) 17 ( 2 ) 154 - 160 2010.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 10705503

Background: The underlying mechanisms connecting work-aholism on the one hand and ill-health and performance on the other hand have to date hardly been examined empirically. Purpose: The aim was to study the mediating role of coping (i.e., active coping and emotional discharge) in the relationship between workaholism, ill-health (i.e., psychological distress and physical complaints), and job performance. Method: A theory-based model was tested among 757 employees of a Japanese construction machinery company. Results: Workaholism was positively related to active coping, which was, in its turn, negatively associated with ill-health and positively with job performance. Workaholism was also positively related to emotional discharge, which was positively associated with ill-health. In addition, workaholism was positively and directly related to ill-health, whereas it was not significantly related to job performance. Conclusion: Workaholism is associated with both active coping and emotional discharge. Active coping leads to better health and performance, whereas emotional discharge leads to poor health. In addition, workaholism coincides with poor health. Since the costs for workaholics themselves (in terms of ill-health) are high, workaholism has on average adverse effects on health and performance. © 2010 International Society of Behavioral Medicine.

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A Longitudinal Test of the Demand-Control Model Using Specific Job Demands and Specific Job Control

Jan de Jonge, Natasja van Vegchel, Akihito Shimazu, Wilmar Schaufeli, Christian Dormann

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE (SPRINGER) 17 ( 2 ) 125 - 133 2010.06

Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

Supportive studies of the demand-control (DC) model were more likely to measure specific demands combined with a corresponding aspect of control.
A longitudinal test of Karasek's (Adm Sci Q. 24:285-308, 1) job strain hypothesis including specific measures of job demands and job control, and both self-report and objectively recorded well-being.
Job strain hypothesis was tested among 267 health care employees from a two-wave Dutch panel survey with a 2-year time lag.
Significant demand/control interactions were found for mental and emotional demands, but not for physical demands. The association between job demands and job satisfaction was positive in case of high job control, whereas this association was negative in case of low job control. In addition, the relation between job demands and psychosomatic health symptoms/sickness absence was negative in case of high job control and positive in case of low control.
Longitudinal support was found for the core assumption of the DC model with specific measures of job demands and job control as well as self-report and objectively recorded well-being.

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Keyword ワーク・エンゲイジメントワーク・エンゲイジメントが健康度向上と組織活性化の鍵になる (特集働く人も職場も元気にする法--メンタルヘルス一次予防のキーワード)

島津明人

へるすあっぷ21 (法研) ( 306 ) 8 - 11 2010.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

The push and pull of work: The differences between workaholism and work engagement

Taris T., Schaufeli W., Shimazu A.

Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research (Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research) 39 - 53 2010.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 9780203853047

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国内外の産業医学に関する文献紹介職場における個人向けストレス対策--介入方略の変遷と新たな視点

馬ノ段梨乃, 土屋政雄, 島津明人

Occupational health journal (産業医学振興財団) 33 ( 2 ) 103 - 107 2010.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0388337X

Association between workaholism and sleep problems among hospital nurses.

Kubota K, Shimazu A, Kawakami N, Takahashi M, Nakata A, Schaufeli WB.

Industrial Health 48 ( 6 ) 864 - 871 2010.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0019-8366|1880-8026

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Organizational justice, psychological distress, and work engagement in Japanese workers.

Inoue A, Kawakami N, Ishizaki M, Shimazu A, Tsuchiya M, Tabata M, Akiyama M, Kitazume A, Kuroda M.

Archiv für Gewerbepathologie und Gewerbehygiene (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health) 83 ( 1 ) 29 - 38 2010.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0340-0131

Purpose To investigate the cross-sectional association between organizational justice (i.e., procedural justice and interactional justice) and psychological distress or work engagement, as well as the mediating roles of other job stressors (i.e., job demands and job control, or their combination, effort-reward imbalance [ERI], and worksite support). Methods A total of 243 workers (185 males and 58 females) from a manufacturing factory in Japan were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire including the Organizational Justice Questionnaire, Job Content Questionnaire, Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, K6 scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and other covariates. Multiple mediation analyses with the bootstrap technique were conducted. Results In the bivariate analysis, procedural justice and interactional justice were significantly and negatively associated with psychological distress; they were significantly and positively associated with work engagement. In the mediation analysis, reward at work (or ERI) significantly mediated between procedural justice or interactional justice and psychological distress; worksite support significantly mediated between procedural justice or interactional justice and work engagement. Conclusion The effects of organizational justice on psychological distress seem to be mediated by reward at work (or ERI) while those regarding work engagement may be mediated by worksite support to a large extent, at least in Japanese workers.

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Semantic Analysis of Paragraphs Consisting of Multiple Sentences Towards Development of a Logical Formulation System

Takano Kenji, Nakamura Makoto, Oyama Yoshiko, Shimazu Akira

LEGAL KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS 223 117 - 126 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 978-1-60750-681-2

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Work-family conflict in Japan: how job and home demands affect psychological distress.

Shimazu A, Bakker AB, Demerouti E, Peeters MC

Industrial health 48 ( 6 ) 766 - 74 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0019-8366

Work-family Conflict in Japan: How Job and Home Demands Affect Psychological Distress

SHIMAZU Akihito, BAKKER Arnold B., DEMEROUTI Evangelia, PEETERS Maria C.W.

Ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌ　ｈｅａｌｔｈ (独立行政法人労働者健康安全機構労働安全衛生総合研究所) 48 ( 6 ) 766 - 774 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0019-8366

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職場のストレスとメンタルヘルス:－第一次予防の普及に向けて－

島津明人, 原谷隆史, 馬ノ段梨乃, 髙田未里

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association (The Japanese Psychological Association) 74 ( 0 ) WS063 - WS063 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

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Intragroup and intergroup conflict at work, psychological distress, and work engagement in a sample of employees in Japan.

Tsuno K, Kawakami N, Inoue A, Ishizaki M, Tabata M, Tsuchiya M, Akiyama M, Kitazume A, Kuroda M, Shimazu A.

Industrial Health (Industrial Health) 47 ( 6 ) 640 - 648 2009.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0019-8366|1880-8026

The possible associations of intragroup and intergroup conflict at work with psychological distress and work engagement were investigated in a cross-sectional study in a manufacturing factory in Japan. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to all employees, and 255 responses were returned (a response rate of 84%). Data from 247 workers (187 males and 60 females) with no missing values were analyzed. Intragroup and intergroup conflict at work, psychological distress, and work engagement were measured by the NIOSH-GJSQ, K6, and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), respectively. An ANCOVA was conducted to compare K6 and UWES-9 scores among the tertiles on intragroup conflict or intergroup conflict scores, adjusting for demographic and occupational variables as well as worksite social support, separately for males and females. Intragroup conflict was associated with greater psychological distress for males (p for trend=0.009). Intergroup conflict was marginally significantly associated with psychological distress for both males and females (p for trend=0.050 and 0.051, respectively). Contrary to expectation, intergroup conflict was significantly associated with greater work engagement for females (p for trend=0.024). For males, intragroup and intergroup conflict at work may increase psychological distress; for females, intergroup conflict may increase both psychological distress and work engagement.

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Towards a positive occupational health psychology: the case of work engagement (職場のメンタルヘルスとワーク・エンゲイジメント--国際学際交流シンポジウム)

島津明人, Schaufeli Wilmar B.

ストレス科学 (日本ストレス学会) 24 ( 3 ) 181 - 187 2009.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13494813

Is workaholism good or bad for employee well-being? The distinctiveness of workaholism and work engagement among Japanese employees.

Shimazu A, Schaufeli WB.

Industrial Health (Industrial Health) 47 ( 5 ) 495 - 502 2009.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0019-8366|1880-8026

The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the empirical distinctiveness of workaholism and work engagement by examining their relationships with well-being in a sample of 776 Japanese employees. We expected that workaholism is associated with unwell-being (i.e., high psychological distress and physical complaints, low job and family satisfaction, and low job performance), whereas work engagement is associated with well-being. Well-validated questionnaires were used to measure workaholism (DUWAS), work engagement (UWES), and well-being (BJSQ, HPQ). Structural Equation Modeling showed that, as expected, workaholism was positively associated with ill-health (i.e., psychological distress and physical complaints) and negatively associated with life satisfaction (i.e., job and family satisfaction) and job performance. In contrast, work engagement was negatively associated with ill-health and positively associated with life satisfaction and job performance. These findings suggest that workaholism and work engagement are two different kinds of concepts, which are negatively and positively related to various indicators of well-being, respectively.

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臨床心理学の最新知見(51)臨床心理学におけるストレス研究

島津明人

Japanese journal of clinical psychology (金剛出版) 9 ( 4 ) 575 - 579 2009.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13459171

集団認知行動療法の比較対照試験による効果検討(1)

中島美鈴, 稗田道成, 島田俊夫, 島津明人

精神科治療学 ((株)星和書店) 24 ( 7 ) 851 - 858 2009.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0912-1862

本研究の目的は、医療臨床現場における集団認知行動療法(GCBT)の効果についてコントロール群をおいた比較対照試験を行い実証的に検討することである。単科精神科病院の通院および入院患者のうちGCBTに参加を希望した69名(男性n=20、女性n=49)を対象に効果を検討した。その結果、うつ状態および不安状態の改善には有意な効果が認められた。今後は、介入効果に影響する要因についての検討が必要である。(著者抄録)

Effects of a worksite stress management training program with six short-hour sessions: a controlled trial among Japanese employees.

Umanodan R, Kobayashi Y, Nakamura M, Kitaoka-Higashiguchi K, Kawakami N, Shimazu A.

Journal of Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health) 51 ( 4 ) 294 - 302 2009.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1341-9145|1348-9585

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component worksite stress management training (SMT) program among employees belong to Japanese steel company. Methods: Five workplaces were assigned to an intervention group and two workplaces to a control group. SMT with monthly 30-min sessions were provided to the intervention group for 6 mo. Intention- to-treat analyses were conducted among respondents of the intervention (n=96) and control groups (n=53). Results: Significant favorable intervention effects were found on knowledge (p<0.001) and marginally significant ones on professional efficacy (p=0.074) at one-month after completing the program. No significant intervention effects were observed on psychological distress, physical complaints, or job performance (p>0.05). However, in per-protocol analyses of those who attended all sessions, significant favorable effects were observed on psychological distress and job performance, as well as knowledge and professional efficacy (p<0.05). In addition, subgroup analyses revealed that those with initial low job control showed a favorable intervention effect only on knowledge (p<0.001), whereas those with initial high job control showed favorable intervention effects on knowledge (p<0.001), professional efficacy (p=0.023) and anxiety (p=0.033). Conclusions: The results suggest that the multi-component SMT program is effective at improving knowledge and professional efficacy, although job control appeared to moderate the effect of the program on professional efficacy. The program may also be effective at reducing psychological distress and increasing job performance, if participants complete all sessions.

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How Job Demands Affect an Intimate Partner : A Test of the Spillover-Crossover Model in Japan

Shimazu Akihito, Bakker Arnold B., Demerouti Evangelia

Journal of occupational health (Japan Society for Occupational Health) 51 ( 3 ) 239 - 248 2009.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13419145

Being driven to work excessively hard : the evaluation of a two-factor measure of workaholism in The Netherlands and Japan

Schaufeli WB, Shimazu A, Taris TW

Cross-Cultural Research (Cross-Cultural Research) 43 ( 4 ) 320 - 348 2009.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 10693971

Based on a conceptual analysis, a two-dimensional self-report questionnaire for assessing workaholism (work addiction) is proposed, including (1) working excessively hard and (2) working compulsively. Using independent explorative and confirmative samples that include employees from The Netherlands (N = 7,594) and Japan (N = 3,311), a questionnaire is developed and psychometrically evaluated. Results show that both scales (five items each) are internally consistent and that the hypothesized two-factor structure fits to the data of both countries. Furthermore, convergent validity was shown with measures of excess working time and discriminant validity was shown with measures of burnout and work engagement. Workaholics who work excessively hard and compulsively have a high relative risk on burnout and a low relative risk on work engagement. It is concluded that the two-dimensional measure-dubbed the Dutch Workaholism Scale (DUWAS)-is useful tool in future (cross-cultural) research on workaholism. © 2009 SAGE Publications.

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How job demands affect an intimate partner: A test of the spillover-crossover model in Japan

Shimazu A., Bakker A., Demerouti E.

Journal of Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health) 51 ( 3 ) 239 - 248 2009.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13419145

Objectives: The present study examined how job demands affect an intimate partner's well-being. We hypothesized that job demands have a negative influence on partner well-being through the experience of work-family conflict (WFC) and an impaired quality of the relationship (reduced social support and increased social undermining towards the partner). Methods: The participants of this study were 99 couples of dual-earner parents in Japan. Results: Consistent with hypotheses, men's job demands (i.e. overload and emotional demands) were positively related to their own reports of WFC, and indirectly to women's ratings of men's WFC. Consequently, women's ratings of men's WFC were negatively related to the quality of the relationship (i.e. decreased social support from and increased social undermining by men), which, in turn, led to women's ill-health (i.e. depressive symptoms and physical complaints). We found similar findings for the model starting with women's job demands; gender did not affect the strength of the relationships in the model. Conclusions: These findings suggest that high job demands initiate a process of work-family conflict and poor relationship quality, which may eventually affect the intimate partner's well-being in an unfavorable way.

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Three job stress models/concepts and oxidative DNA damage in a sample of workers in Japan.

Inoue A, Kawakami N, Ishizaki M, Tabata M, Tsuchiya M, Akiyama M, Kitazume A, Kuroda M, Shimazu A.

Journal of psychosomatic research (Journal of Psychosomatic Research) 66 ( 4 ) 329 - 334 2009.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00223999

Objective: Three job stress models/concepts (the job demands-control [DC] model, the effort-reward imbalance [ERI] model, and organizational justice) have been linked to coronary heart disease (CHD) at work. In recent years, oxidative DNA damage has been identified as a new risk factor for CHD. However, evidence for the association between these job stressors and oxidative DNA damage is limited. The present cross-sectional study investigated the association between these job stress models/concepts and oxidative DNA damage as a possible mediator of the adverse health effects of job stress. Methods: A total of 166 male and 51 female workers of a manufacturing factory in Japan were surveyed using a mailed questionnaire regarding job stressors and demographic, occupational, and lifestyle variables. Urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, were also measured. Results: In male subjects, the urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG were significantly higher among the group with lower interactional justice, one of the two components of organizational justice; however, no association was observed with the DC model or the ERI model. In female subjects, high job demands/control ratio was significantly and positively associated with the urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG. Conclusion: Interactional justice among male workers and the DC model-based strain among female workers may be associated with increased urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG which possibly reflects oxidative DNA damage. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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今村幸太郎, 島津明人

Occupational health journal (産業医学振興財団) 32 ( 2 ) 84 - 86 2009.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0388337X

Reciprocal relations between effort-reward imbalance at work and adverse health: a three-wave panel survey.

Shimazu A, de Jonge J.

Social Science & Medicine (Social Science and Medicine) 68 ( 1 ) 60 - 68 2009.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 02779536

Siegrist's [1996. Adverse health effects of high-effort/low-reward conditions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1, 27-41.] Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Model assumes that ERI at one point in time influences health at a later point in time. Empirical cross-sectional and longitudinal findings have supported the influence of ERI on adverse health. However, the ERI model does not explicitly take into account that the relation between ERI and adverse health may be also explained by reversed causal relations, or even reciprocal (bi-directional) relations in which ERI and health mutually influence each other. The present 3-wave panel study among 211 Japanese male blue-collar workers in one construction machinery company examined reciprocal relations between ERI and adverse health (i.e., psychological distress and physical complaints) with a 1-year time-lag per wave. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (Amos 7.0J). Results showed cross-lagged and causally dominant effects of ERI on both psychological distress and physical complaints after 1 year for both Time 1-Time 2 and Time 2-Time 3. In addition, cross-lagged effects of psychological distress on ERI were found after 1 year for both Time 1-Time 2 and Time 2-Time 3. These findings suggest that (perceived) ERI and employee health influence each other reciprocally rather than uni-directionally, and underline the importance of studying reversed causal effects in the relation between ERI and employee health. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the organizational justice questionnaire

Inoue A., Kawakami N., Tsutsumi A., Shimazu A., Tsuchiya M., Ishizaki M., Tabata M., Akiyama M., Kitazume A., Kuroda M., Kivimäki M.

Journal of Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health) 51 ( 1 ) 74 - 83 2009.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13419145

Objectives: Previous European studies reporting low procedural justice and low interactional justice were associated with increased health problems have used a modified version of the Moorman's Organizational Justice Questionnaire (OJQ, Elovainio et al., 2002) to assess organizational justice. We translated the modified OJQ into the Japanese language and examined the internal consistency reliability, and factor-based and construct validity of this measure. A back-translation procedure confirmed that the translation was appropriate, pending a minor revision. Methods: A total of 185 men and 58 women at a manufacturing factory in Japan were surveyed using a mailed questionnaire including the OJQ and other job stressors. Results: Cronbach alpha coefficients of the two OJQ subscales were high (0.85- 0.94) for both sexes. The hypothesized two factors (i.e., procedural justice and interactional justice) were extracted by the factor analysis for men; for women, procedural justice was further split into two separate dimensions supporting a three- rather than two-factor structure. Convergent validity was supported by expected correlations of the OJQ with job control, supervisor support, effort-reward imbalance, and job future ambiguity in particular among the men. Conclusion: The present study shows that the Japanese version of the OJQ has acceptable levels of reliability and validity at least for male employees.

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集団認知行動療法の比較化対照試験による効果検討

中島美鈴, 稗田道成, 島田俊夫, 島津明人

精神科治療学 24 851 - 858 2009

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

集団認知行動療法「自分を愛する6日間プログラム」作成の試み　比較化対照試験による検討

中島美鈴, 稗田道成, 島田俊夫, 島津明人

メンタルヘルス岡本記念財団研究助成報告集 ((公財)メンタルヘルス岡本記念財団) ( 19 ) 85 - 89 2008.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0916-9156

医療臨床現場における集団認知行動療法の効果についてコントロール群をおいた比較化対照試験を行い実証的に検討した。精神科病院外来通院および入院加療中の患者のうちグループ参加を希望した58例を対象とした。プログラム参加を希望した患者を先行群または、待機群に割り付けた。ベースライン調査における各変数の特徴を2群間(先行群・待機群)で比較したところ、先行群に比べて待機群の年齢が高い傾向を認めた。非完了群は全回参加群に比べて、STAIおよびBDI得点が低く、自己効力感得点が高かったが、有意差はなかった。共分散分析の結果、STAI得点とBDI得点において、先行群が待機群に比べ有意に得点が低かった。年齢を調整した共分散分析を行った結果、STAIで認められた有意な群間差が消失した。しかし、BDIおよび自己効力感に関する結果は、年齢調整前の結果と同じ傾向であった。

職場のメンタルヘルス : 第一次予防の到達点と課題(シンポジウムIV,第17回産業医・産業看護全国協議会,地方会・研究会記録)

川上憲人, 深澤健二, 島津明人, 小林由佳, 彌冨美奈子, 堤明純, 渡辺直登

Journal of occupational health (Japan Society for Occupational Health) 50 ( 2 ) 2008.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13410725

Lagged effects of active coping within the demand-control model: A three-wave panel study among Japanese employees

Shimazu Akihito, de Jonge Jan, Irimajiri Hirohiko

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE (International Journal of Behavioral Medicine) 15 ( 1 ) 44 - 53 2008.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1070-5503

Background: There have been few empirical studies to explain the individual differences in and the underlying mechanism behind the Job Demand-Control (DC) Model. Purpose: This study examined the lagged effects of active coping on stress responses (i.e., psychological distress and physical complaints) in the context of the DC Model using three-wave panel survey data with intervals of one month. Method: Participants were 193 employees working in a construction machinery company in Japan. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine whether or not the effectiveness of active coping would be facilitated by job control as a coping resource. Results: The advantage of job control in combination with active coping became obvious after one month, which implies that job control has a delayed effect on coping effectiveness. However, the advantage disappeared after two months. These results suggest that the advantage of job control for active coping is limited in time. Conclusion: Conceptualization of job control as a coping resource seems to be useful in explaining how the DC Model influences employees' health, where time plays an important role. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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Work engagement in Japan: Validation of the Japanese version of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale.

Shimazu, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Kosugi, S., Suzuki, A., Nashiwa, H., Kato, A., Sakamoto, M., Irimajiri, H., Amano, S., Hirohata, K., Goto, R., & Kitaoka-Higashiguchi, K.

Applied Psychology: An International Review (Applied Psychology) 57 ( 3 ) 510 - 523 2008

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0269994X

The purpose of this study was to validate the Japanese version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-J). Employees from three independent samples completed the questionnaire (total N = 2,334). Confirmatory factor analyses using the multiple-group method revealed that, instead of the original three-factor model, a one-factor model that assumes that all engagement items load on one single factor fitted the data. Moreover, the one-factor structure was invariant across all three samples. Internal consistency of the scale was sufficiently high (α =.92) and the test-retest reliability with an interval of two months was.66. A series of second-order confirmatory factor analyses to examine construct validity confirmed the hypothesised model, indicating that work engagement was positively related to job satisfaction whereas it was negatively related to strain and burnout. However, as in previous studies, professional efficacy, a component of burnout, loaded on the engagement factor. These results, in general, suggest the reliability (internal consistency and stability), factorial invariance, and construct validity of the UWES-J in three independent samples. © 2008 International Association of Applied Psychology.

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不安による自己関連処理が記憶再生の低下に及ぼす影響

尾形明子, 宮谷真人,中尾敬,島津明人,鈴木伸一

行動療法研究 ((一社)日本認知・行動療法学会) 34 ( 1 ) 33 - 42 2008

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0910-6529

不安状態での認知的パフォーマンスの低下の理由を説明する認知過程として自己関連処理に着目し、不安状態と、不安と類似した認知的パフォーマンスへの影響を有するノイズ呈示下での課題成績の比較、検討を行った。視力および聴力の正常な大学生、大学院生60例を対象とした。ノイズ呈示はランダムに行った。第1の要因は「ストレス負荷」、第2の要因は「方向づけ課題の種類」とし、自己関連づけ課題、他者関連づけ課題、意味課題の3水準を設けた。第1の要因は被験者間変数、第2の要因は被験者内変数であった。不安条件では不安を喚起させ、ノイズ条件では80dBのホワイトノイズを量示した。不安条件では他の条件に比べて自己関連づけ課題の再生率が低く、不安は自己関連づけ課題の再生成績にのみ影響を及ぼしている可能性が示唆された。

Self-Referent Processing Caused by Anxiety: Effect on Recall(Brief Notes)

OGATA Akiko, MIYATANI Makoto, NAKAO Takashi, SHIMAZU Akihito, SUZUKI Shin-ichi

Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy (Japanese Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies( JABCT )) 34 ( 1 ) 33 - 42 2008

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0910-6529

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between anxiety and self-referent processing. Undergraduate and graduate students (N -- 60) were divided into 3 groups: anxiety group, noise group, and control group. All participants performed 3 types of rating tasks (self-referent task, other-referent task, and semantic task) on neutral personality words. After the rating tasks, the participants performed a memory task. The results were that the anxiety group's rate of recall of words from the self-rating task was lower than that in the other 2 groups. These results suggest that anxiety had an effect on the performance of the self-referent rating task.

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職場のストレスとメンタルヘルス:－個人向けストレス対策の提供手段に注目して－

島津明人, 原谷隆史, 小杉正太郎, 馬ノ段梨乃, 佐藤澄子

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association (The Japanese Psychological Association) 72 ( 0 ) WS037 - WS037 2008

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

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ストレス教育の実際から

島津明人

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 15 ( 1 ) 66 - 67 2007.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

Does distraction facilitate problem-focused coping with job stress? A 1 year longitudinal study.

Shimazu A, Schaufeli WB.

Journal of Behavioral Medicine (Journal of Behavioral Medicine) 30 ( 5 ) 423 - 434 2007.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0160-7715

This study examined the sole and combined effects of problem-focused coping and distraction on employee well-being (i.e., stress responses and job performance) using two-wave panel survey data with a 1-year time lag. Participants were 488 male employees, who worked for a construction machinery company in western Japan. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine whether distraction moderates the relationship of problem-focused coping with well-being. More use of problem-focused coping was negatively related to subsequent stress responses among those high in distraction. The combination of high problem-focused coping and high distraction was positively related to subsequent job performance, although it was limited only to the high job stress situation. Results suggest that the combination of high problem-focused coping and high distraction may lead to lower stress responses and better performance (but only in high job stress situations for performance) than the combination of high problem-focused coping and low distraction, at least for male blue-collar workers. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

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Effect of web-based assertion training for stress management of Japanese nurses.

Yamagishi M, Kobayashi T, Kobayashi T, Nagami M, Shimazu A, Kageyama T.

Journal of Nursing Management (Journal of Nursing Management) 15 ( 6 ) 603 - 607 2007.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 09660429

Aim and Background The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of web-based assertion training programmes for Japanese hospital nurses based on their assertion knowledge, attitude and behaviour, job stress and depression. Job stress has been reported to be high among Japanese hospital nurses, and it is thought that assertion, one type of communication skill, could help nurses to better manage their job stress. Method Twenty-five nurses from an urban tertiary hospital in western Japan completed the 70-minute assertion programme during 3 weeks. The changes between pretraining and post-training and between pretraining and 1 month after the training were tested. Result Results showed that assertion knowledge and voluntary behaviour in assertive behaviour had increased at post-training and remained higher a month later. With regard to job stress, mental workload decreased. Conclusion The results show the effects of web-based assertion training on assertion skills and stress management for Japanese hospital nurses. © 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

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A stress management program for university students

Hori M, Shimazu A.

Shinrigaku Kenkyu (The Japanese Psychological Association) 78 ( 3 ) 284 - 289 2007.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0021-5236|1884-1082

This study examined the effects of a stress management program for university students related to their stressors, problem-solving abilities (problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and personal control), knowledge of stress, and stress responses. Participants (n=27) were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a waiting list control group. The program, including small group discussions, completion of a workbook, and follow-up interviews, was conducted for the intervention group for three weeks. Participants (n=8 and n=12 for the intervention and waiting list control groups, respectively) responded to three waves of questionnaires (pre, post, and follow-up). The results showed significant favorable intervention effects for knowledge of stress, problem-solving confidence, and stress responses on the post-tests, while no intervention effects were found at the follow-up.

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Development of a mental health action checklist for improving workplace environment as means of job stress prevention.

Yoshikawa T, Kawakami N, Kogi K, Tsutsumi A, Shimazu M, Nagami M, Shimazu A

Sangyo eiseigaku zasshi = Journal of occupational health 49 ( 4 ) 127 - 42 2007.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-0725

Development of a mental health action checklist for improving workplace environment as means of job stress prevention.

Yoshikawa T., Kawakami N., Kogi K., Tsutsumi A., Shimazu M., Nagami M., Shimazu A.

Sangyō eiseigaku zasshi = Journal of occupational health (Sangyō eiseigaku zasshi = Journal of occupational health) 49 ( 4 ) 127 - 142 2007.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13410725

An action checklist for improving the workplace environment by means of enhancing mental health of workers (Mental Health Action Check List: MHACL) was developed. The use of the checklist for primary prevention was examined. MHACL was developed through three steps: (1) Review of related references and collection of improvement examples for designing a draft MHACL; (2) pilot application of the draft at industrial workplaces and trials at workshops of occupational health staff; and (3) proposing a new MHACL for general use in industry. Workplace improvement actions related to mental health were listed in eight technical areas. From 84 workplaces in Japan, 201 such actions were collected. Typical improvement action phrases were extracted based on these examples, and a draft MHACL containing 40 generally applicable actions were prepared. This draft was applied to selected workplaces for its use as a tool for group discussion. Then, the utility of the checklist was discussed by 105 occupational health staff working in public service offices. The workshop suggested modifications of the draft MHACL including improved check items and usage procedures and the need to use easy-to-understand actions. The final version of the MHACL comprised 30 items in six technical areas: A) sharing work planning, B) work time and organization, C) ergonomic work methods, D) workplace environment, E) mutual support in the workplace, and F) preparedness and care. A new action checklist was proposed for use as a means of changing existing workplace environments and proposing practical actions for improving it. The checklist was confirmed to be useful for organizing workplace-level discussion for identifying immediate improvements at the workplace. The checklist is expected to be widely applied for promoting primary prevention measures in terms of better mental health.

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職場環境改善のためのメンタルヘルスアクションチェックリストの開発

吉川徹, 川上憲人, 小木和孝, 堤明純, 島津美由紀, 長見まき子, 島津明人

産業衛生学雑誌 ((公社)日本産業衛生学会) 49 ( 4 ) 127 - 142 2007.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-0725

職場のメンタルヘルス向上を目的とした職場環境等の改善のためのアクションチェックリスト(Mental Health Action Check List、以下MHACL)を開発した。ストレス対策一次予防における職場環境改善等の進め方と意義について検討した。3つのステップによりMHACLを開発した。(1)文献レビューと改善事例の収集と分類、改善フレーズの作成とMHACLのひな型作成、(2)産業現場への適用と産業保健スタッフ等を含むワークショップによる試用、(3)改善フレーズの見直しと改善領域の再構成を行って、広く職場で使える改善アクション選定チェックリストとして提案した。文献レビューにより職場環境等の改善を支援する8つの改善技術領域が整理された。全国の84事業場から延べ201件の事例の職場のストレス対策に役立った改善事例が収集できたので、これら事例から代表的な改善フレーズを抽出し、40項目からなるMHACL原案が作成された。現業職場の職員105名を対象としたMHACL利用の参加型研修会により、MHACLを用いて多様な改善提案を引き出せることが確認された。産業保健スタッフを対象としたMHACL利用のワークショップでは、MHACLの使用者とその受け手の明確化、使用手順と職域でのリスクアセスメント方法のマニュアル化、使用言語の平易化、などが必要と指摘された。これらの経験から、最終的に30項目で構成されるMHACLが作成された。それらの項目は、技術領域としてA)作業計画への参加と情報の共有、B)勤務時間と作業編成、C)円滑な作業手順、D)作業場環境、E)職場内の相互支援、F)安心できる職場の仕組みの6つの領域にまとめられた。現場ですぐ取り組めるメンタルヘルス改善アクション項目からなる職場環境改善用のチェックリストを作成した。今後チェック項目を利用した職場介入経験者との意見交換を行って、使いやすいチェックリストと利用方法を検討していく予定である。MHACLの利用によるストレス対策一次予防の推進による成果が期待される。(著者抄録)

文献紹介従業員個人向けストレス対策の現状と今後の課題

島津明人, 川上憲人

Occupational health journal (産業医学振興財団) 30 ( 2 ) 89 - 92 2007.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0388337X

個人向けストレス対策

島津明人

産業衛生保健 15 ( 3 ) 140 - 143 2007

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

大学生を対象としたストレスマネジメントプログラムの効果評価:－認知的評価への介入－

堀匡, 島津明人

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association (The Japanese Psychological Association) 71 ( 0 ) 2EV136 - 2EV136 2007

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

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職場のストレスとメンタルヘルス:－労働力の多様化とメンタルヘルス－

島津明人, 小杉正太郎, 原谷隆史, 鈴木綾子

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association (The Japanese Psychological Association) 71 ( 0 ) WS033 - WS033 2007

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

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Effects of a brief worksite stress management program on coping skills, psychological distress and physical complaints: a controlled trial.

Shimazu A, Umanodan R, Schaufeli WB.

International archives of occupational environmental health (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health) 80 ( 1 ) 60 - 69 2006.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0340-0131

Objectives: To examine the effects of single-session, small-group stress management program on knowledge about stress, coping skills, and psychological and physical distress. Methods: A total of 300 employees from a company in western Japan were invited to participate in the study. Those who consented to enter the study were assigned to an intervention (n = 149) or waiting list control group (n = 151). Participants in the intervention group received a small-group stress management program. The program was primarily aimed at increasing knowledge about stress and improving coping skills. To investigate the intervention effect, change scores in outcome variables were calculated by subtracting the scores at pre-intervention from those at post-intervention (8 weeks after the pre-intervention survey). Next, the difference in the scores between groups was examined using analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) with the pre-intervention score as the covariate. Results: Favorable intervention effects were found on knowledge about stress and on coping skills (P<0.001 and P = 0.012, respectively) and adverse effects on psychological distress (P = 0.022). However, this adverse effect on psychological distress did not exist among those who initially perceived higher levels of job control. Conclusion: The single-session stress management program was effective on improving knowledge about stress, and coping skills, where job control moderated the effect of the program on psychological distress. © Springer-Verlag 2006.

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41. eラーニングを用いたアサーション教材の学習効果 : 看護師のストレス軽減のために(第15回日本産業衛生学会産業医・産業看護全国協議会, 地方会・研究会記録)

小林敏生, 山岸まなほ, 小林丈真, 長見まき子, 島津明人, 山口眞由美

Journal of occupational health (Japan Society for Occupational Health) 48 ( 1 ) 2006.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13410725

P2006 Effects of brief psycho-education in the workplace on coping skills, psychological distress and physical complaints : A controlled trial(Poster Presentation,Occupational Health in the Age of Decentralization Reform in Japan,The 79th Annual Meeting of Japan Society for Occupational Health)

Shimazu A.

SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI (Japan Society for Occupational Health) 48 ( 0 ) 2006

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-0725

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P2017 Effects of web-based training for supervisors on their listening skills and subordinates' mental health : A randomized controlled trial(Poster Presentation,Occupational Health in the Age of Decentralization Reform in Japan,The 79th Annual Meeting of Japan Society for Occupational Health)

Kobayashi T.

SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI (Japan Society for Occupational Health) 48 ( 0 ) 2006

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-0725

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大学生のソーシャルサポートとサポート活用スキル向上を目標としたプログラムの作成とその効果:フォローアップ調査の結果を含めた検討

堀匡, 島津明人

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association (The Japanese Psychological Association) 70 ( 0 ) 2EV187 - 2EV187 2006

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

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平成18年度共同研究プロジェクト研究概要ストレス脆弱性克服に挑む教育科学と脳科学--うつ病のストレス対策に関する脳科学的実証研究

上田一貴, 鈴木伸一, 前田健一, 兒玉憲一, 岡本祐子, 島津明人, 松下姫歌

Bulletin of Training and Research Center for Clinical Psychology (広島大学大学院教育学研究科附属心理臨床教育研究センター) ( 5 ) 88 - 91 2006

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

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職場のストレスとメンタルヘルス:－個人・組織の活性化とWork Engagement－

島津明人, 原谷隆史, 小杉正太郎, 井上章

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association (The Japanese Psychological Association) 70 ( 0 ) WS043 - WS043 2006

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

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The relationship among caregiving burden, positive appraisal and social support in family caregivers of impaired elderly persons

澤田梢・島津明人・鈴木伸一

Bulletin of Training and Research Center for Clinical Psychology (広島大学大学院教育学研究科附属心理臨床教育研究センター) 4 ( 4 ) 110 - 117 2006

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

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職場環境改善のためのヒント集(アクションチェックリスト)と参加型職場改善支援技術

吉川徹, 小木和孝, 川上憲人, 堤明純, 島津明人, 島津美由紀, 長見まき子

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 13 ( 1 ) 2005.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

職業性ストレス調査票と職場環境改善のためのヒント集を活用した職場環境改善の試み

堤明純, 島津明人, 入交洋彦, 吉川徹, 川上憲人

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 13 ( 1 ) 2005.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

ストレスコーピングと性差 (特集ストレスに性差はあるのか)

島津明人

Gender & sex specific medicine (じほう) 2 ( 11 ) 1289 - 1293 2005.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13494589

Effects of web-based psychoeducation on self-efficacy, problem solving behavior, stress responses and job satisfaction among workers: A controlled clinical trial

Shimazu A., Kawakami N., Irimajiri H., Sakamoto M., Amano S.

Journal of Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health) 47 ( 5 ) 405 - 413 2005.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13419145

This study examined effects of web-based psychoeducation on self-efficacy, problem solving behavior, stress responses and job satisfaction. The program was based on social cognitive theory and was primarily aimed at increasing knowledge of stress, self-efficacy, and the use of problem solving behavior. A total of 225 employees were invited to participate in the study. Participants were assigned to an intervention (n=112) or waiting list control group (n=113). Those in the intervention group were asked to access the website and to complete learning within 1 month. To investigate the intervention effect, the change score in the outcome variable was calculated by subtracting the score at pre-intervention from that at post-intervention (1 week after completion of the learning period). Then, the difference in the scores between groups was examined using analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) with the pre-intervention score as the covariate. We detected a marginally significant difference between groups in changes in job satisfaction from pre- to post-intervention (p=0.081). Participants in the intervention group showed an increase in job satisfaction score, while those in the waiting list control group showed a decrease in it. No significant differences were detected between groups in the other indicators (p>.10). We detected significant or marginally significant intervention effects on self-efficacy, problem solving behavior, stress responses, and job satisfaction among males and younger individuals, and those who had initially higher job strain and higher interest in managing stress. Further research is required with longer time periods (controlled follow-up) and a broader sample to fully determine the intervention effect.

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Work Process and Job Stress among Blue-Collar Workers in Japan

AMANO Shotaro, SHIMAZU Akihito, KATO Asako, SAKAMOTO Mitsumi, IRIMAJIRI Hirohiko

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 12 ( 3 ) 241 - 248 2005.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

機械製造業における職業性ストレスの検討　作業工程間による比較

天野昌太郎, 島津明人, 加登朝子, 坂本光美, 入交洋彦

産業ストレス研究 (日本産業ストレス学会) 12 ( 3 ) 241 - 248 2005.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1340-7724

上司サポートと従業員の精神的・身体的ストレス反応との関連　上司のサポート行動と部下のサポート認知に着目して

坂本光美, 北野智子, 入交洋彦, 島津明人

ストレス科学 (日本ストレス学会) 19 ( 4 ) 254 - 262 2005.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1349-4813

[Development of a checklist for evaluation of mental health activities at the workplace].

Kawakami N, Tsutsumi A, Kobayashi Y, Hirokawa K, Shimazu A, Nagami M, Iwata N, Haratani T

Sangyo eiseigaku zasshi = Journal of occupational health 47 ( 1 ) 11 - 32 2005.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-0725

Development of a checklist for evaluation of mental health activities at the workplace

Kawakami N., Tsutsumi A., Kobayashi Y., Hirokawa K., Shimazu A., Nagami M., Iwata N., Haratani T.

Sangyō eiseigaku zasshi = Journal of occupational health (Sangyō eiseigaku zasshi = Journal of occupational health) 47 ( 1 ) 11 - 32 2005.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13410725

"The Checklist for Evaluation of Mental Health Activities at the Workplace" was developed for workplace staff evaluating mental health activities in their own workplace. The validity and reliability of the checklist were examined and criteria for evaluation were developed for workplace/organization/companies with 50 or more employees in Japan. The checklist initially included 33 items covering seven major domains of occupational mental health, with a four-point response option, based on the Japanese Guideline for Worker Mental Health in the Workplace and a relevant literature review. A questionnaire was send to 60 members of the Occupational Mental Health Committee (OMHC) of the Japan Society for Occupational Health to ask their opinions on the checklist and on the minimum requirement for each item on the checklist; 30 (50%) responded. A random sample of 1,335 workplaces from a contractor list of workplaces for worker compensation insurance and a questionnaire was send to the personnel department to fill in the checklist; 412 (31.5%) responded and data from 335 of them with 50 or more employees were analyzed. Some OMHC members felt that one of the items (concerning the Total Health Promotion program) should be dropped; thus the checklist was revised to include 32 items, still covering the seven domains. Based on the workplace survey data, most domain scales showed internal consistency reliability at an acceptable level; explanatory factor analysis yielded a four-factor structure that was well concordant with the hypnotized seven-domain structure. Three levels of adequacy of mental health activities were set for each domain scale: "red" (inadequate), "yellow" (minimal), and "green" (adequate). One third of occupational health professionals from 49 workplaces rated the evaluation result based on the checklist as concordant with their view; 95% of them said the checklist would be useful in promoting occupational mental health activities. The study indicated that the checklist had reliability (based on internal consistency reliability) and content- and construct-validity (based on expert opinions, a factor-structure concordant with empirical data, and evaluation by workplace staff). The checklist seems useful in promoting occupational mental health activities.

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事業場における心の健康づくりの実施状況チェックリストの開発

川上憲人, 堤明純, 小林由佳, 廣川空美, 島津明人, 長見まき子, 岩田昇, 原谷隆史

産業衛生学雑誌 ((公社)日本産業衛生学会) 47 ( 1 ) 11 - 32 2005.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-0725

事業場における心の健康づくりの実施状況を事業場担当者が自己評価することのできる「事業場における心の健康づくりの実施状況チェックリスト」を新たに開発し,従業員50人規模以上事業場を対象としてその信頼性,妥当性を検討するとともにその評価基準を作成した.「事業場における労働者の心の健康づくりのための指針」および文献レビューに基づいて事業場における心の健康づくりの実施項目を7領域合計33項目設定し,それぞれについて4段階で回答選択肢を作成した.職場のメンタルヘルスの専門家である日本産業衛生学会産業精神衛生研究会の世話人60人を対象とした質問票調査を実施してチェックリストに対する自由意見および事業場として最低限度実施すべき活動の水準を項目ごとにたずね,30人(50%)から回答を得た.専門家から事業場として最低限実施すべきまた全国の労災保険対象事業場から無作為に抽出された1,335の事業場の人事・労務担当者に対して質問票調査を行い,412事業場の担当者から回答を得た(回収率31.5%).うち従業員50名以上の332事業場からの回答を解析した.専門家に対する意見調査の結果に基づき1項目(THP)を削除し,最終的に項目数を32に減らし,これらを7つの領域得点によって評価することとした.事業場調査データから,これらの領域得点の内的整合性による信頼性係数は十分に高く,また領域区分は探索的因子分析の結果ともよく一致していた.専門家の意見から,本チェックリストの7領域および合計点数に対して評価基準(「問題あり」,「最低限度」,「良好」)を作成した.この評価基準に対して49事業場に対して意見聴取したところ,66%が「自分の認識と一致している」,95%が「心の健康づくりに役立つ」と回答した.本研究により本チェックリストおよびその評価基準が作成され,またチェックリストの信頼性(内的整合性による信頼性),内容的および構成概念妥当性(専門家の意見,探索的因子分析との一致,評価結果に対する事業場担当者の認識との一致)が検証された.本チェックリストは事業場における心の健康づくりの推進に活用できると思われる(著者抄録)

働く人のメンタルヘルス実践!ストレスマネジメント(10)自信アップのコツ

島津明人

へるすあっぷ21 (法研) ( 243 ) 35 - 37 2005.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Divergent effects of active coping on psychological distress in the context of the job demands-control-support model: the roles of job control and social support

Shimazu A, Shimazu M, Odara T.

International Journal of Behavioral Medicine (International Journal of Behavioral Medicine) 12 ( 3 ) 192 - 198 2005

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 10705503

This study examined the effects of active coping on psychological distress in the context of the job demands-control-support model. Participants were 726 male nonmanagers in a large electrical company in Japan. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine whether active coping and coping resources (job control, supervisor support, and coworker support) have interaction effects on psychological distress. Active coping had an interaction effect with coworker support, whereas it did not with job control and supervisor support. Results suggest that coworker support can facilitate the effectiveness of active coping, whereas job control or supervisor support cannot. Copyright © 2005 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

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P3018 機械製造業の作業工程における職業性ストレスの検討 : 2つの職業性ストレスモデルに注目して

天野昌太郎, 加登朝子, 坂本光美, 入交洋彦, 島津明人

SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI (Japan Society for Occupational Health) 47 ( 0 ) 2005

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-0725

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P3017 上司のサポート行動と部下のサポート認知が職業性ストレスに及ぼす影響 : 製造ラインにおける縦断的データを用いた検討

坂本光美, 入交洋彦, 天野昌太郎, 加登朝子, 島津明人

SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI (Japan Society for Occupational Health) 47 ( 0 ) 2005

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-0725

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P1018 事業場における心の健康づくりの実施状況チェックリストの開発

川上憲人, 堤明純, 小林由佳, 廣川空美, 島津明人, 長見まき子, 岩田昇, 原谷隆史

SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI (Japan Society for Occupational Health) 47 ( 0 ) 2005

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-0725

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P1014 e-ラーニングを用いたアサーション教材の学習効果に関する検討 : 無作為化対照試験による検討

小林丈真, 小林敏生, 長見まき子, 入交洋彦, 島津明人

SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI (Japan Society for Occupational Health) 47 ( 0 ) 2005

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-0725

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P1011 対人サービス業における職業性ストレスの検討(2)雇用形態による比較

入交洋彦, 中原秀子, 森田由美子, 天野昌太郎, 坂本光美, 島津明人

SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI (Japan Society for Occupational Health) 47 ( 0 ) 2005

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-0725

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上司サポートが従業員の精神的・身体的ストレス反応に及ぼす影響　―上司のサポート行動と部下のサポート認知との関連に着目して―

坂本光美, 北野智子, 入交洋彦, 島津明人

ストレス科学 19 254 - 262 2005

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

大学新入生のソーシャルスキルが，入学後の友人サポート，抑うつ，孤独感に及ぼす影響

堀　匡, 島津明人

The Japanese journal of stress sciences (日本ストレス学会) 19 ( 4 ) 245 - 253 2005

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1349-4813

機械製造業における職業性ストレスの検討‐作業工程間による比較‐

天野昌太郎, 島津明人, 加登朝子, 坂本光美

産業ストレス研究 12 241 - 248 2005

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

コーピング方略が心理的ストレス反応に及ぼす影響 : 職場ストレッサーが変化しなかった場合における心理的ストレス反応の縦断的検討

須永直人, 鈴木綾子, 島津明人, 島津美由紀, 種市康太郎, 大塚泰正, 田中健吾, 高田未里, 佐藤澄子, 山手裕子, 小杉正太郎

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 12 ( 1 ) 2004.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

ストレッサーの変化に伴うコーピング方略の変容に関する研究

真船浩介, 田中健吾, 佐藤澄子, 鈴木綾子, 高田美里, 山手裕子, 大塚泰正, 種市康太郎, 島津明人, 島津美由紀, 小杉正太郎

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 12 ( 1 ) 2004.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

心理学的ストレスモデルに基づく職場適応援助の試み : カウンセリングの有無による心理的ストレス反応の縦断的検討

佐藤澄子, 鈴木綾子, 高田未里, 山手裕子, 種市康太郎, 島津明人, 島津美由紀, 大塚泰正, 田中健吾, 小杉正太郎

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 12 ( 1 ) 2004.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

対人サービス業における職業性ストレスの検討 : (1)職務内容による比較

入交洋彦, 中原秀子, 森田由美子, 天野昌太郎, 坂本光美, 島津明人

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 12 ( 1 ) 2004.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

上司のサポート行動と部下のサポート認知との一致・不一致が部下の職業性ストレスに及ぼす影響 : 縦断的データを用いた検討

坂本光美, 入交洋彦, 天野昌太郎, 加登朝子, 島津明人

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 12 ( 1 ) 2004.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

機械製造業における職業性ストレスの検討 : 作業工程間による比較

天野昌太郎, 加登朝子, 坂本光美, 入交洋彦, 島津明人

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 12 ( 1 ) 2004.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

看護師と一般企業女性従業員の職場ストレスに関する比較・検討

土屋小織, 鈴木綾子, 高田未里, 佐藤澄子, 岡田知香, 美奈川悠, 櫻井春香, 丹波秀夫, 真船浩介, 島津明人, 島津美由紀, 種市康太郎, 大塚泰正, 田中健吾, 小杉正太郎

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 12 ( 1 ) 2004.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

働く人のメンタルヘルス実践!ストレスマネジメント(8)怒りのコントロール--職場の信用を維持するために

島津明人

へるすあっぷ21 (法研) ( 241 ) 35 - 37 2004.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

働く人のメンタルヘルス実践!ストレスマネジメント(7)気持ちのよい断り方--たんなる「お人よし」にならないために

島津明人

へるすあっぷ21 (法研) ( 240 ) 35 - 37 2004.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

働く人のメンタルヘルス実践!ストレスマネジメント(6)上手な仕事の頼み方--能率アップと組織活性化のコツ

島津明人

へるすあっぷ21 (法研) ( 239 ) 35 - 37 2004.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Development of a Primary Screening Test for Eating Disorders in a Health Examination for Students : Item Selection and Validity

HAYASHI Yayoi, KOSUGI Shotaro, SHIMAZU Akihito, SUEMATU Hiroyuki

Japanese journal of school health (日本学校保健学会) 46 ( 3 ) 254 - 263 2004.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 03869598

The Development of Job Stress Scale - Revised version (JSS-R)(I) : Stressor, Stress Reactions, and Coping Scales

KOSUGI Shotaro, TANAKA Kengo, OTSUKA Yasumasa, TANEICHI Kotaro, TAKADA Misato, KASAI Machiko, SATO Sumiko, SHIMAZU Akihito, SHIMAZU Miyuki, SHIRAI Shinobu, SUZUKI Ayako, YAMATE Yuko, YONEHARA Nao

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research (日本産業ストレス学会) 11 ( 3 ) 175 - 185 2004.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

This study aimed at developing the Job Stress Scale - Revised version (JSS-R) with reference to stressor, stress reactions, and coping scales. We tested reliability and validity of JSS-R on 9,548 employees of three different companies. The reliability of these scales were examined by αreliability coefficients, that revealed high internal consistencies(α = .71~.90). Confirmatory factor analyses showed good fitness between data and scales. The cross validity of these scales was confirmed by promax rotated factor analyses: The component items belonged in same factors among the three different companies'.

働く人のメンタルヘルス実践!ストレスマネジメント(5)目標行動を確実に実行する方法--時間の棚卸しと1日の行動スケジュールの立て方

島津明人

へるすあっぷ21 (法研) ( 238 ) 35 - 37 2004.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

学生定期健康診断における摂食障害を対象とした一次スクリーニングテスト作成の試み　項目の精選と妥当性の検討

林弥生, 小杉正太郎, 島津明人, 末松弘行

学校保健研究 ((一社)日本学校保健学会) 46 ( 3 ) 254 - 263 2004.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0386-9598

摂食障害のスクリーニングテストとして代表的なEAT-26(EAT=Eating Attitudes Testの短縮版)の26項目,BITE(Bulimic Investigatory Test,Edinburgh)の30項目(病状評価尺度)のうち,摂食障害者と非患者それぞれの判別に有効な判別率の高い項目を選択することを目的に,摂食障害者女性15名(平均年齢22.9±6.21名)と非患者女性1585名(平均年齢19.2±1.06歳)を対象に,両テストを用いたアンケートを実施した.その結果,「食後に吐きます」「食後にひどくやましいことをしたように思います」「食べ物に関して時間をかけすぎたり考えすぎたりします」「私の人生は食べ物にふりまわされています」「他の人は私がもっと食べるように望んでいるようです」「過食のためには何でもやってしまいます」の6項目が選択された.選択された6項目の特異度は93.8%で,摂食障害傾向を確定するための二次面接を必要とした者は全調査対象者の6%程であることから,この6項目を用いることで,大規模集団を対象とした一次スクリーニングが比較的容易に行えると考えられた

職場ストレススケール改訂版作成の試み(I)　ストレッサー尺度・ストレス反応尺度・コーピング尺度の改訂

小杉正太郎, 田中健吾, 大塚泰正, 種市康太郎, 高田未里, 河西真知子, 佐藤澄子, 島津明人, 島津美由紀, 白井志之夫, 鈴木綾子, 山手裕子, 米原奈緒

産業ストレス研究 (日本産業ストレス学会) 11 ( 3 ) 175 - 185 2004.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1340-7724

ストレッサー尺度・ストレス反応尺度・コーピング尺度によって構成される職場ストレススケール改訂版(JSS-R)作成の試みについて報告した.3事業所9548名の職員を対象として,JSS-Rの信頼性と妥当性を検討した.このスケールの信頼性については,α係数による内的整合性の検討を行った.その結果,十分な信頼性(α=0.71〜0.90)が確認された.各尺度の交差妥当性は確認的因子分析法により適合度指標の検討を行った結果,本ストレッサー尺度の妥当性が確認された

働く人のメンタルヘルス実践!ストレスマネジメント(4)「先送り病」に別れを告げるには--上手なスケジュールの立て方

島津明人

へるすあっぷ21 (法研) ( 237 ) 35 - 37 2004.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

働く人のメンタルヘルス実践!ストレスマネジメント(3)こころのレンズを修正する方法

島津明人

へるすあっぷ21 (法研) ( 236 ) 35 - 37 2004.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

働く人のメンタルヘルス実践!ストレスマネジメント(2)こころを軽くする考え方

島津明人

へるすあっぷ21 (法研) ( 235 ) 35 - 37 2004.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Job control and social support as coping resources in job satisfaction

Shimazu A., Shimazu M., Odahara T.

Psychological Reports (Psychological Reports) 94 ( 2 ) 449 - 456 2004.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 00332941

This study examined the effects of active coping on job satisfaction in the context of the job demands-control-support model. Participants were 867 employees (811 men and 56 women, M age = 35.2 yr.) of a large electrical company in Japan. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis examined whether effects of active coping on job satisfaction might depend on the extent of coping resources, such as job control or social support (supervisor and coworker). Analysis showed that the effect of active coping on job satisfaction depended on the extent of coworkers' support, not on job control and supervisors' support.

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働く人のメンタルヘルス実践!ストレスマネジメント(1)優先順位づけのワーク

島津明人

へるすあっぷ21 (法研) ( 234 ) 35 - 37 2004.04

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Job control and social support as resources of coping: effects on job satisfaction.

Shimazu, A., Shimazu, M., & Odahara, T.

Psychological Reports 94 449 - 456 2004

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

働く人のこころの健康とストレス--今なぜ注目されているのか (特集1 第6回広島大学心理臨床セミナー「働く人のこころの健康とストレス」講演録)

島津明人

Bulletin of Training and Research Center for Clinical Psychology (Hiroshima University) ( 3 ) 2 - 6 2004

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

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平成15年度研究プロジェクト報告書乳児における表情の違いに対する脳血流反応:乳児院在籍0歳児の月齢変化から見た発達評価の可能性

斉藤由里, 利島保, 近藤武夫, 鈴木伸一, 兒玉憲一, 岡本祐子, 島津明人, 中村菜々子

Bulletin of Training and Research Center for Clinical Psychology (Hiroshima University) ( 3 ) 94 - 100 2004

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

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学生定期健康診断における摂食障害を対象とした一次スクリーニングテスト作成の試み－項目の精選と妥当性の検討－

林弥生, 島津明人, 小杉正太郎, 末松弘行

学校保健研究 46 ( 3 ) 254 - 263 2004

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

職場ストレススケール改訂版作成の試み（Ⅰ）：ストレッサー尺度・ストレス反応尺度・コーピング尺度の改訂

小杉正太郎, 田中健吾, 大塚泰正, 種市康太郎, 高田未里, 河西真知子, 佐藤澄子, 島津明人, 島津美由紀, 白井志之夫, 鈴木綾子, 山手裕子, 米原奈緒

産業ストレス研究 11 ( 3 ) 175 - 185 2004

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

管理職者・非管理職者の慢性的な量的負担および質的負担に関する検討

美奈川悠, 田中健吾, 高田未里, 佐藤澄子, 山手裕子, 米原奈緒, 種市康太郎, 島津明人, 島津美由紀, 大塚泰正, 小杉正太郎

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 11 ( 1 ) 2003.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

Effects of Stress Management Program for Teachers in Japan : A Pilot Study

Shimazu Akihito, Okada Yusuke, Sakamoto Mitsumi, MIURA Masae

Journal of occupational health (公益社団法人日本産業衛生学会) 45 ( 4 ) 202 - 208 2003.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-9145

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a stress management program for teachers on their stress responses, social support, and coping. Participants (n=24) were assigned to either an intervention or a waiting list control group. A five-session program, including psychoeducation, group discussion, role-playing and relaxation training, was conducted for the intervention group at two week intervals. Eight participants from each of the groups responded to pre- and post-intervention questionnaire surveys. The positive intervention effect was significant for social support from co-workers (p=0.035), whereas the negative intervention effect was significant for proactive coping (p=0.033). No significant effect was observed for stress responses (vigor, anger, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and somatic stress responses) (p>0.05). The positive intervention effect was marginally significant for social support from co-workers (p=0.085) and anger (p=0.057) among those who at first had high stress response scores in the pre-intervention survey (n=5 and n=4 for the intervention and waiting list control groups, respectively). Furthermore, the positive intervention effect was significant for social support from co-workers (p=0.021) and marginally significant for resignation coping (p=0.070) among those who at first had high job control scores (n=4 and n=5 for the intervention and waiting list control groups, respectively). Results showed that the stress management program conducted in this study contributed to increasing social support from co-workers. This study suggests that a program that focuses on a particular subgroup (e.g., those with high stress responses or high job control) might be effective in enhancing coping skills, increasing social support, and reducing stress responses.

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Effects of stress management program for teachers in Japan: A pilot study

Shimazu A., Okada Y., Sakamoto M., Miura M.

Journal of Occupational Health (Journal of Occupational Health) 45 ( 4 ) 202 - 208 2003.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13419145

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日本における教師を対象としたストレスマネジメントプログラムの効果　パイロット研究(Effects of Stress Management Program for Teachers in Japan: A Pilot Study)

島津明人, 岡田祐典, 坂本光美, 三浦正江

Journal of Occupational Health ((公社)日本産業衛生学会) 45 ( 4 ) 202 - 208 2003.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-9145

本研究で実施されたストレスマネジメントプログラムによって,同僚からのサポート知覚が増加したことが明らかになった.又,特定の下位集団(ストレス反応が高い者,仕事のコントロールを多く有している者)に焦点を合わせてプログラムを実施することにより,コーピングスキルの向上,ソーシャルサポートの増加,ストレス反応の低減がより促進される可能性が示唆された

コーピングにおける性差および抑うつ反応に与える影響について

坂田由美, 小田原努, 瀧本みお, 飯岡健祐, 色川正貴, 島津明人

産業衛生学雑誌 = Journal of occupational health 45 2003.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13410725

事業場の心の健康づくりの現状 : 全国調査から

小林由佳, 川上憲人, 堤明純, 島津明人, 廣尚典, 小林章雄, 原谷隆史

産業衛生学雑誌 = Journal of occupational health 45 2003.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13410725

Cells invasion into carbonated apatite/collagen composite sponges

ITOH M., SHIMAZU A., HIRATA I., YOSHIDA Y., OKAZAKI M., SHINTANI H.

Journal of the Japanese Society for Dental Materials and Devices (The Japanese Society for Dental Materials and Devices (JSDMD)) 22 ( 2 ) 2003.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 02865858

Job stressors, coping, and psychological distress among Japanese employees: interplay between active and non-active coping

Shimazu A, Kosugi S

Work & Stress. 17 ( 1 ) 38 - 51 2003

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0267-8373

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平成15年度研究プロジェクト報告書心理臨床教育研究センターの研修・サービス機能拡充に関する調査研究

鈴木伸一, 利島保, 兒玉憲一, 岡本祐子, 島津明人, 橋本優花里

Bulletin of Training and Research Center for Clinical Psychology (Hiroshima University) ( 2 ) 78 - 89 2003

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

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上司のソーシャル・サポートが従業員のストレス反応・満足度に及ぼす影響 : 知覚サポートと要求サポートのマッチングに着目して

坂本光美, 久賀佐和子, 島津明人

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 10 ( 1 ) 2002.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

Biological examination of apatite-collagen sponges for hard tissue regeneration

ITOH M., SHIMAZU A., HIRATA I., YOSHIDA Y., SHINTANI H., OKAZAKI M.

歯科材料・器械 21 2002.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 02865858

Educational and Training Programs for Clinical Psychologists in Occupational Settings

SHIMAZU Akihito

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 9 ( 2 ) 101 - 106 2002.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

Coping strategies as predictors of psychological distress among employees in Japan

Shimazu A, Kosugi S

New Developments on Psychometrics, Springer-Verlag, 397 - 404 2002

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 4-431-70343-8

Effects of stress management program for teachers

SHIMAZU A.

SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI (Japan Society for Occupational Health) 44 ( 0 ) 2002

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-0725

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Biological examination of apatite-collagen sponges for hard tissue regeneration.

Itoh M., Shimazu A., Hirata I., Yoshida Y., Shintani H., Okazaki M.

Abstracts of the General Sessions of the Japanese Society for Dental Materials and Devices (The Japanese Society for Dental Materials and Devices) 40 ( 0 ) 56 - 56 2002

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

現在臨床で用いられているアパタイト系骨補填材は多孔体ではあるが細胞の遊走や増殖に有効な気孔が十分にあるとは言えない。また, アパタイト系骨補填材では成型時, 焼結することが多く, 結晶性の著しい向上から生体内での吸収が妨げられるなどの問題もある。そこで演者らは, より生体硬組織に近い組成と結晶性を有する骨補填材を開発すべく, 結合性や柔軟性を付与した複合体の改良を続けており, 高気孔率を有するアパタイト·コラーゲン複合体の作製法を検討し, 第39回本学会において報告した。本研究では, 作製されたアパタイト·コラーゲン複合体が, ハイドロキシアパタイトの配合量で複合体内部の気孔率が変化することから, 骨再建材料としての応用の可能性を追及することを目的として, 細胞学的検討を試みた。 以上のことより, 本研究におけるアパタイト·コラーゲン複合体には, 細胞が遊走するための連続した気孔が十分に存在しており, 骨誘導に有効で, 優れた骨補填材となりうる可能性が示唆された。

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Job Stress : Theoretical Model and Empirical Study

島津明人

ストレス科学 : 日本ストレス学会誌 (日本ストレス学会) 16 ( 3 ) 133 - 140 2001.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1349-4813

人員削減が従業員のコーピングに及ぼす影響

島津明人, 山手裕子, 小杉正太郎

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 9 ( 1 ) 2001.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

職場のメンタルヘルス活動における行動科学の適用 (特集行動科学と予防的健康医学との連携と展開)

島津明人, 小杉正太郎

Behavioral science research (日本行動科学学会) 40 ( 1 ) 39 - 44 2001.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 09197435

The examination on maladjustment in the workplace (5)

SHIMAZU A.

産業衛生学雑誌 = Journal of occupational health 43 2001.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13410725

過剰なソーシャルサポートの供与がストレス反応に及ぼす効果

坂本光美・島津明人・深田博巳

広島大学心理学研究 1 151 - 160 2001

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

The effects of over-provided social support on stress reactions

坂本光美, 島津明人, 深田博己

Hiroshima psychological research (広島大学大学院教育学研究科心理学講座) ( 1 ) 151 - 160 2001

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13471619

本研究では,個人が必要としないソーシャル・サポートの供与が,心理的・生理的・行動的ストレス反応を高めるかどうかを実験的に検討することを目的とした.被験者は大学生25名とし,2(必要サポート高/低)×2(サポート供与あり/なし)の2要因計画で実験を行った必要サポートの操作は,練習問題と偽のフィードバックによって行った.サポート供与の操作は,実験者が,供与あり条件の課題遂行中に,あらかじめ用意した言語的サポートを,決められた時間間隔で供与することによって行った.従属変数としてのストレス反応は,脈私心理的ストレス反応尺度,課題成績によって測定した.その結果,心理的ストレス反応のうちの認知的次元において過剰なソーシャル・サポートのストレス増幅効果が見出された.

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要求度-コントロール-コーピングの関連が従業員の精神的健康状態に及ぼす影響

島津明人, 田中美由紀, 小田原努, 小杉正太郎

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 8 ( 1 ) 2000.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

Mental health activities in the workplace on the basis of a stress survey

SHIMAZU Akihito

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 7 ( 3 ) 151 - 157 2000.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

The effet of combination of coping strategy on employees' mental health

SHIMAZU A

産業衛生学雑誌 = Journal of occupational health 42 2000.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13410725

ストレス調査に基づく職場メンタルヘルス活動

島津明人

産業ストレス研究 7 151 - 157 2000

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

仕事と職場のストレス : 第9回職業(仕事), 職場ストレスに対処する : a)仕事, 職場とコーピング

島津明人, 小杉正太郎

SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI (Japan Society for Occupational Health) 42 ( 6 ) A99 - A100 2000

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1341-0725

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The Effects of Coping Efforts and Coping Methods with Job Stressors on Employees' Mental Health

SHIMAZU Akihito

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 7 ( 1 ) 61 - 66 1999.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

ストレス調査に基づくインテーク面接の実際 : 調査の実施からフォローアップまで

島津明人

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 7 1999.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

職場ストレッサーに対する対処努力および対処方法が従業員の精神的健康状態に及ぼす影響

島津明人

産業ストレス研究 7 61 - 66 1999

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

職場ストレッサーに対する対処努力および対処方法が従業員の精神的健康状態に及ぼす影響

島津明人

産業ストレス研究 7 ( 1 ) 61 - 66 1999

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

職場不適応者におけるコーピング方略の特徴と職場ストレッサー・ストレス反応との関連

島津明人, 小杉正太郎

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 6 ( 1 ) 1998.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

A Study of Coping Strategy for Maladjustment in Workplace

SHIMAZU Akihito, KOSUGI Shotaroh

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 5 ( 3 ) 160 - 164 1998.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

職場ストレスにおけるタイプA行動パターン (特集臨床健康心理学)

万木綾子, 島津明人

Waseda psychological reports (早稲田大学文学部心理学会) 30 ( 2 ) 91 - 96 1998.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 03855198

The developmental process of employee maladjustment in work place.

Shimazu Akihito, Kosugi Shotaroh

The Japanese Journal of Psychology (The Japanese Psychological Association) 69 ( 3 ) 198 - 205 1998.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 00215236

A causal model of job stressors and stress reactions was examined to clarify the developmental process of employee maladjustment in workplace. Two thousand seven hundred twenty-eight (2728) employees of a research institute in the automobile industry completed Job Stress Scale (JSS), which measured job stressors, stress reactions, coping strategies, and social support. Three hundred ninety-two (392) employees with high stress reaction scores were interviewed to obtain information to construct a theoretical model. Then, the model was evaluated with covariance structure analysis. Results showed that the quantitative job stressors had only an indirect effect, mediated by fatigue and irritability, on mental instability, whereas qualitative ones had both direct and indirect effects. The findings suggest that the developmental processes of employee maladjustment in work place differ depending on the kind of job stressors they experience.

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A Study of Coping Strategy for Job Stress

SHIMAZU Akihito

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 5 ( 2 ) 64 - 71 1998.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

従業員を対象としたストレス調査票作成の試み(2)コ-ピング尺度の作成

島津明人, 小杉正太郎

Waseda psychological reports (早稲田大学文学部心理学会) 30 ( 1 ) 19 - 28 1998.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 03855198

従業員を対象としたストレス調査票作成の試み (2)コーピング尺度の作成

島津明人・小杉正太郎

早稲田心理学年報 30 ( 1 ) 19 - 28 1998

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

職場ストレスにおけるタイプA行動パターン

万木綾子・島津明人

早稲田心理学年報 30 ( 2 ) 91 - 96 1998

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

職場不適応に関するコーピング方略の検討

島津明人, 小杉正太郎

産業ストレス研究 5 ( 3 ) 160 - 164 1998

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

職場不適応に関するコーピング方略の検討

島津明人

産業ストレス研究 5 160 - 164 1998

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

職場ストレスに関するコーピング方略の検討

島津明人

産業ストレス研究 5 ( 2 ) 64 - 71 1998

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

職場ストレスに関するコーピング方略の検討

島津明人

産業ストレス研究 5 64 - 71 1998

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

職場ストレススケールに関する検討(3) : コーピング尺度を中心に

島津明人, 小杉正太郎

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 5 1997.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

The Development of Stress Inventory for Workers : (1) With Reference to Stressor・Stress Reaction Scales

SHIMAZU Akihito, FUSE Miwako, TANEICHI Kotaroh, OHASHI Yasushi, KOSUGI Shotaroh

産業ストレス研究 = Job stress research 4 ( 1 ) 41 - 52 1997.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 13407724

摂食態度の形成に関する一考察 (特集:「心理ストレスおよびその関連要因」)

末広純子, 島津明人

Waseda psychological reports (早稲田大学文学部心理学会) 29 ( 2 ) 47 - 51 1997.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 03855198

企業の従業員を対象としたストレス調査票の作成とその適用

島津　明人

早稲田大学大学院文学研究科紀要 42 ( 1 ) 184 - 186 1997

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

摂食態度の形成に関する一考察

末廣純子・島津明人

早稲田心理学年報 29 ( 1 ) 47 - 51 1997

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

従業員を対象としたストレス調査票作成の試み（１）ストレッサー尺度・ストレス反応尺度の作成

島津明人, 布施美和子, 種市康太郎, 大橋靖史

産業ストレス研究 4 ( 1 ) 41 - 52 1997

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

従業員を対象としたストレス調査票作成の試み (1) ストレッサー尺度ストレス反応尺度の作成

島津明人

産業ストレス研究 4 41 - 52 1997

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

企業の従業員を対象としたストレス調査票の作成 (IV)-ストレッサー尺度ストレス反応尺度を中心に-

島津明人

産業ストレス研究 4 ( 1 ) 1996

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Intramedullary nailing for treatment of comminuted femoral shaft fracture

NAGAHAMA S., ITO T., KISHIMOTO M., HAYASHI T., SHIMAZU A.

骨折 17 ( 1 ) 58 - 62 1995.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 02872285

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