研究者詳細 - 曽我　朋義

論文 - 曽我　朋義

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L-type amino acid transporter 1 is associated with chemoresistance in breast cancer via the promotion of amino acid metabolism

Sato, M., Harada-Shoji, N., Toyohara, T., Soga, T., Itoh, M., Miyashita, M., Tada, H., Amari, M., Anzai, N., Furumoto, S., Abe, T., Suzuki, T., Ishida, T., Sasano, H.

Sci. Rep 11 （ 1 ） 589 2021年01月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

18F-FDG PET/CT has been used as an indicator of chemotherapy effects, but cancer cells can remain even when no FDG uptake is detected, indicating the importance of exploring other metabolomic pathways. Therefore, we explored the amino acid metabolism, including L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1), in breast cancer tissues and clarified the role of LAT1 in therapeutic resistance and clinical outcomes of patients. We evaluated LAT1 expression before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and examined the correlation of glucose uptake using FDG-PET with the pathological response of patients. It revealed that LAT1 levels correlated with proliferation after chemotherapy, and amino acid and glucose metabolism were closely correlated. In addition, LAT1 was considered to be involved in treatment resistance and sensitivity only in luminal type breast cancer. Results of in vitro analyses revealed that LAT1 promoted amino acid uptake, which contributed to energy production by supplying amino acids to the TCA cycle. However, in MCF-7 cells treated with chemotherapeutic agents, oncometabolites and branched-chain amino acids also played a pivotal role in energy production and drug resistance, despite decreased glucose metabolism. In conclusion, LAT1 was involved in drug resistance and could be a novel therapeutic target against chemotherapy resistance in luminal type breast cancer.

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Relationship between Standard Uptake Values of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Salivary Metabolites in Oral Cancer: A Pilot Study

Ishikawa, S., Hiraka, T., Kirii, K., Sugimoto, M., Shimamoto, H., Sugano, A., Kitabatake, K., Toyoguchi, Y., Kanoto, M., Nemoto, K., Soga, T., Tomita, M., Iino, M.

J Clin. Med. 9 （ 12 ） 3958 - 8 2020年12月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is usually used for staging or evaluation of treatment response rather than for cancer screening. However, 18F-FDG PET/CT has also been used in Japan for cancer screening in people with no cancer symptoms, and accumulating evidence supports this application of 18F-FDG PET/CT. Previously, we have observed a correlation between the saliva and tumor metabolomic profiles in patients with oral cancer. Hence, if salivary metabolites demonstrate a significant correlation with PET parameters such as the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), they may have the potential to be used as a screening tool before PET/CT to identify patients with high SUVmax. Hence, in this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between salivary metabolites and SUVmax of 18F-FDG PET/CT using previously collected data. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed for staging 26 patients with oral cancer. The collected data were integrated and analyzed along with quantified salivary hydrophilic metabolites obtained from the same patients with oral cancer and controls (n = 44). In total, 11 metabolites showed significant correlations with SUVmax in the delayed phases. A multiple logistic regression model of the two metabolites showed the ability to discriminate between patients with oral cancer and controls, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.738 (p = 0.001). This study uniquely confirmed a relationship between salivary metabolites and SUVmax of PET/CT in patients with oral cancer; salivary metabolites were significantly correlated with SUVmax. These salivary metabolites can be used as a screening tool before PET/CT to identify patients with high SUVmax, i.e., to detect the presence of oral cancer.

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Transomics analysis reveals allosteric and gene regulation axes for altered hepatic glucose-responsive metabolism in obesity

Kokaji, T., Hatano, A., Ito, Y. ,Yugi, K., Eto, M., Morita, K., Ohno, S.,Fujii, M., Hironaka, K., Egami, R., Terakawa, A., Tsutchiya, T., Ozaki, H., Inoue, H., Uda, S., Kubota, H., Suzuki, Y., Ikeda, K., Arita, M., Matsumoto, M., Nakayama, K., Hirayama, A., Soga, T., Kuroda, S.

Sci Sgnal. 13 （ 660 ） eaaz1236 2020年12月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Impaired glucose tolerance associated with obesity causes postprandial hyperglycemia and can lead to type 2 diabetes. To study the differences in liver metabolism in healthy and obese states, we constructed and analyzed transomics glucose-responsive metabolic networks with layers for metabolites, expression data for metabolic enzyme genes, transcription factors, and insulin signaling proteins from the livers of healthy and obese mice. We integrated multiomics time course data from wild-type and leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) mice after orally administered glucose. In wild-type mice, metabolic reactions were rapidly regulated within 10 min of oral glucose administration by glucose-responsive metabolites, which functioned as allosteric regulators and substrates of metabolic enzymes, and by Akt-induced changes in the expression of glucose-responsive genes encoding metabolic enzymes. In ob/ob mice, the majority of rapid regulation by glucose-responsive metabolites was absent. Instead, glucose administration produced slow changes in the expression of carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolic enzyme–encoding genes to alter metabolic reactions on a time scale of hours. Few regulatory events occurred in both healthy and obese mice. Thus, our transomics network analysis revealed that regulation of glucose-responsive liver metabolism is mediated through different mechanisms in healthy and obese states. Rapid changes in allosteric regulators and substrates and in gene expression dominate the healthy state, whereas slow changes in gene expression dominate the obese state.

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Gut microbiota depletion by chronic antibiotic treatment alters the sleep/wake architecture and sleep EEG power spectra in mice

Ogawa, Y., Miyoshi, C., Obana, N., Yajima, K., Hotta-Hirashima, N., Ikkyu, A., Kanno, S., Soga, T., Fukuda, S., Yanagisawa, M.

Sci. Rep. 10 （ 1 ） 19554 2020年11月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota affects physiological processes, including brain functions, by altering the intestinal metabolism. Here we examined the effects of the gut microbiota on sleep/wake regulation. C57BL/6 male mice were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 4 weeks to deplete their gut microbiota. Metabolome profiling of cecal contents in antibiotic-induced microbiota-depleted (AIMD) and control mice showed significant variations in the metabolism of amino acids and vitamins related to neurotransmission, including depletion of serotonin and vitamin B6, in the AIMD mice. Sleep analysis based on electroencephalogram and electromyogram recordings revealed that AIMD mice spent significantly less time in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) during the light phase while spending more time in NREMS and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) during the dark phase. The number of REMS episodes seen in AIMD mice increased during both light and dark phases, and this was accompanied by frequent transitions from NREMS to REMS. In addition, the theta power density during REMS was lower in AIMD mice during the light phase compared with that in the controls. Consequently, the gut microbiota is suggested to affect the sleep/wake architecture by altering the intestinal balance of neurotransmitters.

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Comprehensive Dipeptide Analysis Revealed Cancer-Specific Profile in the Liver of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatitis

Ozawa, H., Hirayama, A., Shoji F., Maruyama, M., Suzuki, K., Yamanaka-Okumura, H., Tatano, H., Morine, Y., Soga, T., Shimada, M., Tomita M.

Metabolites 10 （ 11 ） 442 - 11 2020年11月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

As the physical properties and functionality of dipeptides differ from those of amino acids, they have attracted attention in metabolomics; however, their functions in vivo have not been clarified in detail. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, and its major cause is chronic hepatitis. This study was conducted to explore tumor-specific dipeptide characteristics by performing comprehensive dipeptide analysis in the tumor and surrounding nontumor tissue of patients with HCC. Dipeptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis using 236 detected dipeptides showed differences in the dipeptide profiles between nontumor and tumor tissues; however, no clear difference was observed in etiological comparison. In addition, the N- and C-terminal amino acid compositions of the detected dipeptides significantly differed, suggesting the substrate specificity of enzyme proteins, such as peptidase. Furthermore, hepatitis-derived HCC may show a characteristic dipeptide profile even before tumor formation. These results provide insight into HCC pathogenesis and may help identify novel biomarkers for diagnosis.

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Trans-omic Analysis Reveals ROS-Dependent Pentose Phosphate Pathway Activation after High-Frequency Electrical Stimulation in C2C12 Myotubes

Hoshino D., Kawata K., Kunida K., Hatano A., Yugi K., Wada T., Fujii M., Sano T., Ito Y., Furuichi Y., Manabe Y., Suzuki Y., Fujii N.L., Soga T., Kuroda S.

iScience 23 （ 10 ） 101558 2020年10月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Skeletal muscle adaptation is mediated by cooperative regulation of metabolism, signal transduction, and gene expression. However, the global regulatory mechanism remains unclear. To address this issue, we performed electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) in differentiated C2C12 myotubes at low and high frequency, carried out metabolome and transcriptome analyses, and investigated phosphorylation status of signaling molecules. EPS triggered extensive and specific changes in metabolites, signaling phosphorylation, and gene expression during and after EPS in a frequency-dependent manner. We constructed trans-omic network by integrating these data and found selective activation of the pentose phosphate pathway including metabolites, upstream signaling molecules, and gene expression of metabolic enzymes after high-frequency EPS. We experimentally validated that activation of these molecules after high-frequency EPS was dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, the trans-omic analysis revealed ROS-dependent activation in signal transduction, metabolome, and transcriptome after high-frequency EPS in C2C12 myotubes, shedding light on possible mechanisms of muscle adaptation.

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Quantification of Salivary Charged Metabolites Using Capillary Electrophoresis Time-of-flight-mass Spectrometry

Sugimoto, M., Ota, S., Kaneko, M., Enomoto, A., Soga, T.

Bio Protoc. 10 （ 20 ） e3797 2020年10月

共著, 査読有り

Salivary metabolomics have provided the potentials to detect both oral and systemic diseases. Capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS) enables the identification and quantification of various charged metabolites. This method has been employed to biomarker discoveries using human saliva samples, especially for various types of cancers. The untargeted analysis contributes to finding new biomarkers. i.e., the analysis of all detectable signals including both known and unknown metabolites extends the coverage of metabolite to be observed. However, the observed data includes thousands of peaks. Besides, non-linear migration time fluctuation and skewed peaks are caused by the sample condition. The presented pretreatment protocols of saliva samples enhance the reproducibility of migration time drift, which facilitates the matching peaks across the samples and also results in reproducible absolute concentrations of the detected metabolites. The described protocols are utilized not only for saliva but for any liquid samples with slight modifications.

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Effects of feed crops and boiling on chicken egg yolk and white determined by a metabolome analysis

Ogura T., Wakayama M., Ashino Y., Kadowaki R., Sato M., Soga T., Tomita M.

Food Chem. 327 127077 2020年10月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 03088146

Compositional analyses of eggs have primarily focused on nutritional components, including large molecules, such as proteins. However, few reports have investigated the effects of heating and hen feed crops on taste components, such as free amino acids and sugars. Herein, water-soluble metabolites in raw and boiled eggs produced from chickens raised with corn- or rice-fed were analyzed. Each egg was separated into yolk and white, and freeze-dried samples were analyzed by CE-MS and LC-MS. Abundant metabolites included amino acids in yolks and sugars in whites. Compared to corn-fed, rice-fed resulted in three times higher betaine and uridine monophosphate concentrations in yolks and whites, respectively. Boiled whites contained more than four times higher concentrations of amino acids and fructose than raw whites. Metabolites in yolks exhibited minimal changes after boiling. Our findings support the use of water-soluble metabolomics to evaluate the effects of heating and feed crops on taste components.

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Proteomic and metabolomic analyses uncover sex-specific regulatory pathways in mouse fetal germline differentiation†

Hayashi Y., Mori M., Igarashi K., Tanaka K., Takehara A., Ito-Matsuoka Y., Kanai A., Yaegashi N., Soga T., Matsui Y.

Biol. Reprod. 103 （ 4 ） 717 - 735 2020年10月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 00063363

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. Regulatory mechanisms of germline differentiation have generally been explained via the function of signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic regulation; however, little is known regarding proteomic and metabolomic regulation and their contribution to germ cell development. Here, we conducted integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses of fetal germ cells in mice on embryonic day (E)13.5 and E18.5 and demonstrate sex- and developmental stage-dependent changes in these processes. In male germ cells, RNA processing, translation, oxidative phosphorylation, and nucleotide synthesis are dominant in E13.5 and then decline until E18.5, which corresponds to the prolonged cell division and more enhanced hyper-transcription/translation in male primordial germ cells and their subsequent repression. Tricarboxylic acid cycle and one-carbon pathway are consistently upregulated in fetal male germ cells, suggesting their involvement in epigenetic changes preceding in males. Increased protein stability and oxidative phosphorylation during female germ cell differentiation suggests an upregulation of aerobic energy metabolism, which likely contributes to the proteostasis required for oocyte maturation in subsequent stages. The features elucidated in this study shed light on the unrevealed mechanisms of germ cell development.

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Kinetic Trans-omic Analysis Reveals Key Regulatory Mechanisms for Insulin-Regulated Glucose Metabolism in Adipocytes

Ohno, S., Quek, L.E., Krycer, J.R., Yugi, K., Hirayama, A., Ikeda, S., Shoji, F., Suzuki, K., Soga, T., James, D.E., Kuroda, S.

iScience 23 （ 9 ） 101479 2020年09月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Insulin regulates glucose metabolism through thousands of regulatory mechanisms; however, which regulatory mechanisms are keys to control glucose metabolism remains unknown. Here, we performed kinetic trans-omic analysis by integrating isotope-tracing glucose flux and phosphoproteomic data from insulin-stimulated adipocytes and built a kinetic mathematical model to identify key allosteric regulatory and phosphorylation events for enzymes. We identified nine reactions regulated by allosteric effectors and one by enzyme phosphorylation and determined the regulatory mechanisms for three of these reactions. Insulin stimulated glycolysis by promoting Glut4 activity by enhancing phosphorylation of AS160 at S595, stimulated fatty acid synthesis by promoting Acly activity through allosteric activation by glucose 6-phosphate or fructose 6-phosphate, and stimulated glutamate synthesis by alleviating allosteric inhibition of Gls by glutamate. Most of glycolytic reactions were regulated by amounts of substrates and products. Thus, phosphorylation or allosteric modulator-based regulation of only a few key enzymes was sufficient to change insulin-induced metabolism.

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Insulin signaling requires glucose to promote lipid anabolism in adipocytes

Krycer J.R., Quek L.E., Francis D., Zadoorian A., Weiss F.C., Cooke K.C., Nelson M.E., Diaz-Vegas A., Humphrey S.J., Scalzo R., Hirayama A., Ikeda S., Shoji F., Suzuki K., Huynh K., Giles C., Varney B., Nagarajan S.R., Hoy A.J., Soga T., Meikle P.J., Cooney G.J., Fazakerley D.J., James D.E.

J. Biol. Chem. 295 （ 38 ） 13250 - 13266 2020年09月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Adipose tissue is essential for metabolic homeostasis, balancing lipid storage and mobilization based on nutritional status. This is coordinated by insulin, which triggers kinase signaling cascades to modulate numerous metabolic proteins, leading to increased glucose uptake and anabolic processes like lipogenesis. Given recent evidence that glucose is dispensable for adipocyte respiration, we sought to test whether glucose is necessary for insulin-stimulated anabolism. Examining lipogenesis in cultured adipocytes, glucose was essential for insulin to stimulate the synthesis of fatty acids and glyceride-glycerol. Importantly, glucose was dispensable for lipogenesis in the absence of insulin, suggesting that distinct carbon sources are used with or without insulin. Metabolic tracing studies revealed that glucose was required for insulin to stimulate pathways providing carbon substrate, NADPH, and glycerol 3-phosphate for lipid synthesis and storage. Glucose also displaced leucine as a lipogenic substrate and was necessary to suppress fatty acid oxidation. Together, glucose provided substrates and metabolic control for insulin to promote lipogenesis in adipocytes. This contrasted with the suppression of lipolysis by insulin signaling, which occurred independently of glucose. Given previous observations that signal transduction acts primarily before glucose uptake in adipocytes, these data are consistent with a model whereby insulin initially utilizes protein phosphorylation to stimulate lipid anabolism, which is sustained by subsequent glucose metabolism. Consequently, lipid abundance was sensitive to glucose availability, both during adipogenesis and in Drosophila flies in vivo Together, these data highlight the importance of glucose metabolism to support insulin action, providing a complementary regulatory mechanism to signal transduction to stimulate adipose anabolism.

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Comparison of the ischemic and non-ischemic lung cancer metabolome reveals hyper activity of the TCA cycle and autophagy

Kikuchi, N., Soga, T., Nomura, M., Sato, T., Sakamoto, Y., Tanaka, R., Abe, J., Morita, M., Shima, H., Okada, Y., Tanuma, N

Bichem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 530 （ 1 ） 285 - 291 2020年09月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 0006291X

Recent advances in cancer biology reveal the importance of metabolic changes in cancer; however, less is known about how metabolic pathways in tumors are regulated in vivo. Here, we report analysis of the lung cancer metabolism based on different surgical procedures, namely lobectomy and partial resection. In lobectomy, but not in partial resection, pulmonary arteries and veins are ligated prior to removal of tissues, rendering tissues ischemic. We show that tumors indeed undergo ischemia upon lobectomy and that the tumor metabolome differs markedly from that of tumors removed by partial resection. Comparison of the responses to ischemia in tumor and normal lung tissues revealed that lung cancer tissue exhibits greater TCA cycle and autophagic activity than do normal lung tissues in vivo in patients. Finally, we report that deleting ATG7, which encodes a protein essential for autophagy, antagonizes growth of tumors derived from lung cancer cell lines, suggesting that autophagy confers metabolic advantages to lung cancer. Our findings shed light on divergent metabolic responses to ischemia seen in tumors and normal tissues.

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Pharmacologically targetable vulnerability in prostate cancer carrying RB1-SUCLA2 deletion

Kohno, S., Linn, P. , Nagatani, N., Watanabe, Y., Kumar, S., Soga, T., Takahashi, C.

Oncogene 39 （ 10 ） 5690 - 5707 2020年08月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 09509232

RB1 gene is often homozygously deleted or mutated in prostate adenocarcinomas following acquirement of castration resistance and/or metastatic ability. We found that SUCLA2 gene is frequently involved in the deletion of the RB1 gene region in advanced prostate cancer. SUCLA2 constitutes the β-subunit of succinate CoA ligase heterodimer that reversibly converts succinyl CoA into succinate. We sought the possibility that deletion of SUCLA2 gives rise to a metabolic vulnerability that could be targeted therapeutically. We found a significant metabolic shift in SUCLA2-deleted prostate cancer cells, including lower mitochondrial respiratory activity. By screening a number of libraries for compounds that induce cell death selectively in SUCLA2-deficient prostate cancer cells, we identified thymoquinone (2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzo-1,4-quinone) and PMA (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) from a natural compound library. These findings indicate that the metabolic vulnerability in SUCLA2-deficient prostate cancer cells is pharmacologically targetable.

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EVI1 triggers metabolic reprogramming associated with leukemogenesis and increases sensitivity to L-asparaginase

Saito, Y., Sawa, D., Kinoshita, M., Yamada, A., Kamimura, S., Suekane, A., Ogoh, H., Matsuo, H., Adachi, S., Taga, T., Tomizawa, D., Osato, M., Soga, T., Morishita, K., Moritake, H.

Haematologica 105 （ 8 ） 2118 - 2129 2020年08月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 03906078

Metabolic reprogramming of leukemia cells is important for survival, proliferation, and drug resistance under conditions of metabolic stress in the bone marrow. Deregulation of cellular metabolism, leading to development of leukemia, occurs through abnormally high expression of transcription factors such as MYC and Ecotropic Virus Integration site 1 protein homolog (EVI1). Overexpression of EVI1 in adults and children with mixed lineage leukemia-rearrangement acute myeloid leukemia (MLL-r AML) has a very poor prognosis. To identify a metabolic inhibitor for EVI1-induced metabolic reprogramming in MLL-r AML, we used an XFp extracellular flux analyzer to examine metabolic changes during leukemia development in mouse models of AML expressing MLL-AF9 and Evi1 (Evi1/MF9). Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in Evi1/MF9 AML cells accelerated prior to activation of glycolysis, with a higher dependency on glutamine as an energy source. Furthermore, EVI1 played a role in glycolysis as well as driving production of metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. L-asparaginase (L-asp) exacerbated growth inhibition induced by glutamine starvation and suppressed OXPHOS and proliferation of Evi1/MF9 both in vitro and in vivo; high sensitivity to L-asp was caused by low expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and L-asp-induced suppression of glutamine metabolism. In addition, samples from patients with EVI1+MF9 showed low ASNS expression, suggesting that it is a sensitive marker of L-asp treatment. Clarification of metabolic reprogramming in EVI1+ leukemia cells may aid development of treatments for EVI1+MF9 refractory leukemia.

Copyright© 2020 Ferrata Storti Foundation.

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T cell-specific deletion of Pgam1 reveals a critical role for glycolysis in T cell responses

Toriyama, K., Kuwahara, M., Kondoh, H., Mikawa, T., Takemori, N., Konishi, A., Yorozuya, T., Yamada, T., Soga, T., Shiraishi, A., Yamashita, M.

Commun Biol 3 （ 1 ） 394 2020年07月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Although the important roles of glycolysis in T cells have been demonstrated, the regulatory mechanism of glycolysis in activated T cells has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, the influences of glycolytic failure on the T cell-dependent immune response in vivo remain unclear. We therefore assessed the role of glycolysis in the T cell-dependent immune response using T cell-specific Pgam1-deficient mice. Both CD8 and CD4 T cell-dependent immune responses were attenuated by Pgam1 deficiency. The helper T cell-dependent inflammation was ameliorated in Pgam1-deficient mice. Glycolysis augments the activation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and the T-cell receptor (TCR) signals. Glutamine acts as a metabolic hub in activated T cells, since the TCR-dependent increase in intracellular glutamine is required to augment glycolysis, increase mTORC1 activity and augment TCR signals. These findings suggest that mTORC1, glycolysis and glutamine affect each other and cooperate to induce T cell proliferation and differentiation.

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Comprehensive Dipeptide Profiling and Quantitation by Capillary Electrophoresis and Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Ozawa, H., Hirayama, A., Ishikawa, T., Kudo, R., Maruyama, M., Shoji, F., Doke, T., Ishimoto, T., Maruyama, S., Soga, T., Tomita, M.

Anal. Chem. 92 （ 14 ） 9799 - 9806 2020年07月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 00032700

Dipeptides have attracted much attention as post-amino acids with physical properties and functions different from those of amino acids. However, a given dipeptide cannot be distinguished by mass spectrometry from its structural isomer with an opposite amino acid binding order unless these isomers are separated before introduction, which complicates the comprehensive analysis of dipeptides. Herein, a novel analytical platform for dipeptide analysis by capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry is developed. This method is used to quantitate 335 dipeptides and achieves excellent separation of structural isomers with opposite binding orders, high correlation coefficients, and low instrumental detection limits (0.088-83.1 nM). Moreover, acceptable recoveries (70-135%) are observed for most tested dipeptides in chicken liver samples spiked both before and after preparation. The developed method is also applied to the quantitation of dipeptides in the livers of mice fed different diets to detect 236 dipeptides, and the shift from a normal diet to a high-fat diet is shown to increase/decrease (p < 0.05, fold-change < 0.5) the contents of 0/29 dipeptides, respectively. The developed method is expected to facilitate the search for new dipeptide applications such as novel functional components of foods and biomarkers of diseases.

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Local Necrotic Cells Trigger Systemic Immune Activation via Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Drosophila

Kosakamoto H., Yamauchi T., Akuzawa-Tokita Y., Nishimura K., Soga T., Murakami T., Mori H., Yamamoto K., Miyazaki R., Koto A., Miura M., Obata F.

Cell Rep. 32 （ 3 ） 107938 2020年07月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著

Necrotic cells elicit an inflammatory response through their endogenous factors with damage-associated molecular patterns. Blocking apoptosis in Drosophila wings leads to the necrosis-driven systemic immune response by unknown mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that immune activation in response to necrotic cells is mediated by commensal gut microbiota. Removing the microbiome attenuates hyperactivation of the innate immune signaling IMD pathway in necrosis-induced flies. Necrotic cells in wings trigger Gluconobacter expansion in the gut. An isolated Gluconobacter sp. strain is sufficient for pathological IMD activation in necrosis-induced flies, while it is not inflammatory for control animals. In addition, bacterial colonization shifts the host metabolome and shortens the lifespan of necrosis-induced flies. This study shows that local necrosis triggers a pathological systemic inflammatory response through interaction between the host and the dysbiotic gut microbiome.

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The use of a double coaxial electrospray ionization sprayer improves the peak resolutions of anionic metabolites in capillary ion chromatography-mass spectrometry

Hirayama, A., Tabata, S., Kudo, R., Hasebe, M., Suzuki, K., Tomita, M., Soga, T.

J. Chromatogr. A. 1619 460914 2020年05月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 00219673

Recently, ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry has been used for the determination of anionic metabolites. However, connection with a mass spectrometer in this method is not straightforward because backpressure produced by the addition of a make-up solution often affects the peak resolutions of the target metabolites. To overcome this problem, we developed a capillary ion chromatography-mass spectrometry method utilizing a double coaxial electrospray ionization sprayer. This method was not affected by backpressure and the number of theoretical plates was about three times that of a conventional sprayer. Under optimized conditions, 44 anionic metabolites, including organic acids, sugar phosphates, nucleotides, and cofactors, were successfully separated and selectively detected with a Q Exactive mass spectrometer. The calibration curves of the tested metabolites showed excellent linearity within the range of 1-100,000 nmol/L and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.991. The detection limits for these metabolites were between 1 and 500 nmol/L (0.4 and 200 fmol). The developed method was applied to the quantitation of anionic metabolites in cultured cancer cell samples with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation. This allowed for the successful determination of 105 metabolites. The levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates changed significantly after TNF-α stimulation. These results demonstrate that the developed method is a promising new tool for comprehensive analysis of anionic metabolites.

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Paternal restraint stress affects offspring metabolism via ATF-2 dependent mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster germ cells

Seong, K.H., Ly, N.H., Katou, Y., Yokota, N., Nakato, R., Murakami, S., Hirayama, A., Fukuda, S., Kang, S., Soga, T., Shirahige, K., Ishii, S.

Commun. Biol. 3 （ 1 ） 208 2020年05月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Paternal environmental factors can epigenetically influence gene expressions in offspring. We demonstrate that restraint stress, an experimental model for strong psychological stress, to fathers affects the epigenome, transcriptome, and metabolome of offspring in a MEKK1-dATF2 pathway-dependent manner in Drosophila melanogaster. Genes involved in amino acid metabolism are upregulated by paternal restraint stress, while genes involved in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are downregulated. The effects of paternal restraint stress are also confirmed by metabolome analysis. dATF-2 is highly expressed in testicular germ cells, and restraint stress also induces p38 activation in the testes. Restraint stress induces Unpaired 3 (Upd3), a Drosophila homolog of Interleukin 6 (IL-6). Moreover, paternal overexpression of upd3 in somatic cells disrupts heterochromatin in offspring but not in offspring from dATF-2 mutant fathers. These results indicate that paternal restraint stress affects metabolism in offspring via inheritance of dATF-2-dependent epigenetic changes.

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Effect of blanching on the concentration of metabolites in two parts of Undaria pinnatifida, Wakame (leaf) and Mekabu (sporophyll)

Hamid, S.S., Wakayama, M., Ashino, Y., Kadowaki, R., Soga, T., Tomita, M.

Algal Res. 47 101829 2020年05月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 22119264

Undaria pinnatifida is a seaweed native to Japan, where it is cultivated and sold commercially as food. Fresh seaweed commonly blanches before consumption. However, the effects of blanching on metabolites present in different parts of U. pinnatifida, namely, Wakame (leaf) and Mekabu (sporophyll), are not well understood. Here, we investigated changes in metabolites in these two seaweed parts after blanching for different periods. The samples were freeze-dried and extracted using methanol-water, and metabolite concentration was quantitated using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. The concentration of most metabolites was the highest in raw samples, decreasing drastically within 20 s of blanching in Wakame and decreasing gradually in Mekabu. In contrast, the concentration of some fatty acids, such as octanoate, increased in both parts. During blanching, seaweed color changed from brown to green, and blanching did not significantly affect amino acid or the sugar composition. Finally, a relationship was found between metabolite and blanching-related characteristics, such as color and drying percentage.

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