研究者詳細 - 曽我　朋義

論文 - 曽我　朋義

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Tumor metabolic alterations after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy predict postoperative recurrence in patients with pancreatic cancer

Wada, Y., Okano, K., Sato, K., Sugimoto, M., Shimomura, A., Nagao, M., Matsukawa, H., Ando, Y., Suto, H., Oshima, M., Kondo, A., Asano, E., Kishino, T., Kumamoto, K., Kobara, H., Kamada, H., Masaki, T., Soga, T., Suzuki, Y.

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 52 （ 8 ） 879 - 887 2022年08月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Objective: We investigated the metabolic changes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to identify the mechanisms of treatment response of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy.

Methods: Frozen tumor and non-neoplastic pancreas tissues were prospectively obtained from 88 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent curative-intent surgery. Sixty-two patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and 26 patients did not receive neoadjuvant therapy (control group). Comprehensive analysis of metabolites in tumor and non-neoplastic pancreatic tissue was performed by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.

Results: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry detected 90 metabolites for analysis among more than 500 ionic metabolites quantified. There were significant differences in 27 tumor metabolites between the neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and control groups. There were significant differences in eight metabolites [1-MethylnNicotinamide, Carnitine, Glucose, Glutathione (red), N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate, N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate, UMP, Phosphocholine] between good responder and poor responder for neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Among these metabolites, phosphocholine, Carnitine and Glutathione were associated with recurrence-free survival only in the neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy group. Microarray confirmed marked gene suppression of choline transporters [CTL1-4 (SLC44A1-44A4)] in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy group.

Conclusion: The present study identifies several important metabolic consequences and potential neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Choline metabolism is one of the key pathways involved in recurrence of the patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy.

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Glutamine deficiency in solid tumor cells confers resistance to ribosomal RNA synthesis inhibitors

Pan, M., Zorbas, C., Sugaya, M., Ishiguro, K., Kato, M., Nishida, M., Zhang, H.F., Candeias, M.M., Okamoto, A., Ishikawa, T., Soga, T., Aburatani, H., Sakai, J., Matsumura, Y., Suzuki, T., Proud, C.G., Lafontaine, D.L.J., Osawa, T.

Nat Commun. 13 （ 1 ） 3706 2022年06月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Ribosome biogenesis is an energetically expensive program that is dictated by nutrient availability. Here we report that nutrient deprivation severely impairs precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) processing and leads to the accumulation of unprocessed rRNAs. Upon nutrient restoration, pre-rRNAs stored under starvation are processed into mature rRNAs that are utilized for ribosome biogenesis. Failure to accumulate pre-rRNAs under nutrient stress leads to perturbed ribosome assembly upon nutrient restoration and subsequent apoptosis via uL5/uL18-mediated activation of p53. Restoration of glutamine alone activates p53 by triggering uL5/uL18 translation. Induction of uL5/uL18 protein synthesis by glutamine is dependent on the translation factor eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which is in turn dependent on Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. Depriving cells of glutamine prevents the activation of p53 by rRNA synthesis inhibitors. Our data reveals a mechanism that tumor cells can exploit to suppress p53-mediated apoptosis during fluctuations in environmental nutrient availability.

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Comparative Metabolomics of Small Molecules Specifically Expressed in the Dorsal or Ventral Marginal Zones in Vertebrate Gastrula

Suzuki, Y., Hayasaka, R., Hasebe, M., Ikeda, S., Soga, T., Tomita, M., Hirayama, A., Kuroda, H.

Metabolites 12 （ 6 ） 566 2022年06月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Many previous studies have reported the various proteins specifically secreted as inducers in the dorsal or ventral regions in vertebrate gastrula. However, little is known about the effect on cell fate of small molecules below 1000 Da. We therefore tried to identify small molecules specifically expressed in the dorsal marginal zone (DMZ) or ventral marginal zone (VMZ) in vertebrate gastrula. Small intracellular and secreted molecules were detected using explants and supernatant samples. Hydrophilic metabolites were analyzed by capillary ion chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and lipids were analyzed by supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 190 hydrophilic metabolites and 396 lipids were identified. The DMZ was found to have high amounts of glycolysis- and glutathione metabolism-related metabolites in explants, and the VMZ was richer in purine metabolism-related metabolites. We also discovered some hydrophilic metabolites and lipids differentially contained in the DMZ or VMZ. Our research would contribute to a deeper understanding of the cellular physiology that regulates early embryogenesis.

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AGE/RAGE axis regulates reversible transition to quiescent states of ALK-rearranged NSCLC and pancreatic cancer cells in monolayer cultures

Kadonosono, T., Miyamoto, K., Sasaki, S., Matsuo, Y., Kitajima, S., Wang, Q., Endo, M., Nibori, M., Kuchimaru, T., Soga, T., Hirota, K., Kizaka-Kondoh, S.

Sci. Rep. 12 9886 2022年06月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Cancer recurrence due to tumor cell quiescence after therapy and long-term remission is associated with cancer-related death. Previous studies have used cell models that are unable to return to a proliferative state; thus, the transition between quiescent and proliferative states is not well understood. Here, we report monolayer cancer cell models wherein the human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line H2228 and pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC-1 can be reversibly induced to a quiescent state under hypoxic and serum-starved (HSS) conditions. Transcriptome and metabolome dual-omics profiles of these cells were compared with those of the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, which was unable to enter a quiescent state under HSS conditions. The quiescence-inducible cells had substantially lower intracellular pyruvate and ATP levels in the quiescent state than in the proliferative state, and their response to sudden demand for energy was dramatically reduced. Furthermore, in quiescence-inducible cells, the transition between quiescent and proliferative states of these cells was regulated by the balance between the proliferation-promoting Ras and Rap1 signaling and the suppressive AGE/RAGE signaling. These cell models elucidate the transition between quiescent and proliferative states, allowing the development of drug-screening systems for quiescent tumor cells.

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Different types of reactions to E7386 among colorectal cancer patient-derived organoids and corresponding CAFs

Imai, T., Naruse, M., Ochiai M., Matsumoto K., Ikeda S., Kani, M., Kato, Y., Hirayama, A., Soga, T., Hori, Y., Yokoi, A., Ochiai, A.

Oncol. Lett. 24 （ 1 ） 221 2022年05月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Colorectal cancer (CRC) harbors genetic alterations in a component of the Wnt signaling pathway in ~90% of cases. In addition, the Wnt signaling pathway has been previously suggested to serve a notable role in the pathophysiology of CRC cells and cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In the present study, the possible effects of E7386, a selective inhibitor of the interaction between β‑catenin and the cAMP response element‑binding protein‑binding protein, were evaluated using organoids and the corresponding CAFs derived from patients with CRC. E7386 at 100 nM was revealed to decrease the viability of CRC organoids and CAFs. Analysis of the gene expression profiles revealed marked changes in the expression levels of different types of cancer‑associated genes associated with E7386 concentrations in the organoids and/or CAFs, such as those regulating glucose and amino acid metabolism [phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, asparagine synthetase (glutamine‑hydrolyzing), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 and phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase], stimulation of natural killer cell‑mediated cytotoxicity (UL16‑binding protein 1) and modification of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway (indicated by very low density lipoprotein receptor). Results of the hydrophilic metabolome analysis in the organoids were consistent with those of the transcriptomic analysis. In vivo experiments used corresponding xenograft models, although changes in volume of tumor tissues could not be observed at 50 mg/kg body weight twice a day for 14 days, results on the protein expression levels partially supported those in the in vitro experiments. In conclusion, different types of reactions, such as alterations in the glucose and amino acid metabolic pathways, stimulation of stress responses and NK‑cell mediated cytotoxicity and components in the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, to E7386 in the CRC organoids and corresponding CAFs were observed under conditions with decreased cell viability. However, further mechanistic studies to clarify the relationships with Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway and these reactions using preclinical models and biomarker studies using clinical human samples are required for verification of the present preclinical biomarkers.

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Differing impact of phosphoglycerate mutase 1-deficiency on brown and white adipose tissue

Yoshida, Y., Shimizu, I., Hsiao, Y.T., Suda, M., Katsuumi, G., Seki, M., Suzuki, Y., Okuda, S., Soga, T., Minamino, T.

iScience 25 （ 5 ） 104268 2022年05月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a metabolically active organ that contributes to the thermogenic response to cold exposure. In addition, other thermogenic cells termed beige adipocytes are generated in white adipose tissue (WAT) by cold exposure. Although activation of brown/beige adipose tissue is associated with mobilization of both glucose and lipids, few studies have focused on the role of glycolytic enzymes in regulating adipose tissue function. We generated mouse models with specific deletion of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) from adipose tissue. Deletion of Pgam1 from both BAT and WAT promoted whitening of BAT with beiging of visceral WAT, whereas deletion of Pgam1 from BAT alone led to whitening of BAT without beiging of WAT. Our results demonstrate a potential role of glycolytic enzymes in beiging of visceral WAT and suggest that PGAM1 would be a novel therapeutic target in obesity and diabetes.

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Polarity protein SCRIB interacts with SLC3A2 to regulate proliferation and tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancer

Saito, Y., Matsuda, S., Ohnishi, N., Endo, K., Ashitani, S., Ohishi, M., Ueno, A., Tomita, M., Ueda, K., *Soga, T., *Muthuswamy, S.K

Commun. Biol. 5 （ 1 ） 403 2022年05月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer represents 75% of all breast cancers in women. Although patients with ER+ cancers receive endocrine therapies, more than 30% develop resistance and succumb to the disease, highlighting the need to understand endocrine resistance. Here we show an unexpected role for the cell polarity protein SCRIB as a tumor-promoter and a regulator of endocrine resistance in ER-positive breast cancer cells. SCRIB expression is induced by estrogen signaling in a MYC-dependent manner. SCRIB interacts with SLC3A2, a heteromeric component of leucine amino acid transporter SLC7A5. SLC3A2 binds to the N-terminus of SCRIB to facilitate the formation of SCRIB/SLC3A2/LLGL2/SLC7A5 quaternary complex required for membrane localization of the amino acid transporter complex. Both SCRIB and SLC3A2 are required for cell proliferation and tamoxifen resistance in ER+ cells identifying a new role for the SCRIB/SLC3A2 complex in ER+ breast cancer.

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S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine extends lifespan through methionine restriction effects

Ogawa, T., Masumura, K., Kohara, Y., Kanai, M., Soga, T., Ohya, Y., Blackwell, T.K. Mizunuma, M.

Aging Cell 21 （ 5 ） e13604 2022年05月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

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Surgical Treatment for Colorectal Cancer Partially Restores Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Traits

Shiroma, H., Shiba, S., Erawijantari, P.P., Takamaru, H., Yamada, M., Sakamoto, T., Kanemitsu, Y., Mizutani, S., Soga, T., Saito, Y., Shibata, T., Fukuda, S., Yachida, S., Yamada, T.

mSystems 7 （ 2 ） e0001822 2022年04月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiome and metabolites are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the influence of surgery for CRC treatment on the gut microbiome and metabolites and how it relates to CRC risk in postoperative CRC patients remain partially understood. Here, we collected 170 fecal samples from 85 CRC patients pre- and approximately 1 year postsurgery and performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing and capillary electrophoresis-time of flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analyses to characterize alterations between pre- and postsurgery. We determined that the relative abundance of 114 species was altered postsurgery (P < 0.005). CRC-associated species, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, were decreased postsurgery. On the other hand, Clostridium scindens, carcinogenesis-associated deoxycholate (DCA)-producing species, and its biotransformed genes (bai operon) were increased postsurgery. The concentration of 60 fecal metabolites was also altered postsurgery (P < 0.005). Two bile acids, cholate and DCA, were increased postsurgery. We developed methods to estimate postoperative CRC risk based on the gut microbiome and metabolomic compositions using a random forest machine-learning algorithm that classifies large adenoma or early-stage CRC and healthy controls from publicly available data sets. We applied methods to preoperative samples and then compared the estimated CRC risk between the two groups according to the presence of large adenoma or tumors 5 years postsurgery (P < 0.05). Overall, our results show that the gut microbiome and metabolites dynamically change from pre- to postsurgery. In postoperative CRC patients, potential CRC risk derived from gut microbiome and metabolites still remains, which indicates the importance of follow-up assessments. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome and metabolites are associated with CRC progression and carcinogenesis. Postoperative CRC patients are reported to be at an increased CRC risk; however, how gut microbiome and metabolites are related to CRC risk in postoperative patients remains only partially understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of surgical CRC treatment on the gut microbiome and metabolites. We found that the CRC-associated species Fusobacterium nucleatum was decreased postsurgery, whereas carcinogenesis-associated DCA and its producing species and genes were increased postsurgery. We developed methods to estimate postoperative CRC risk based on the gut microbiome and metabolomic compositions. We applied methods to compare the estimated CRC risk between two groups according to the presence of large adenoma or tumors after 5 years postsurgery. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on differences between pre- and postsurgery using metagenomics and metabolomics data analysis. Our methods might be used for CRC risk assessment in postoperative patients.

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Plant hvu-MIR168-3p enhances expression of glucose transporter 1 (SLC2A1) in human cells by silencing genes related to mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I

Akao, Y., Kuranaga, Y., Heishima, K., Sugito, N., Morikawa, K., Ito, Y., Soga, T., Ito, T.

J. Nutr. Biochem. 101 108922 2022年03月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 09552863

Diet is a crucial factor for preventing most diseases. Edible plant extracts are known to contain exosome-like nanoparticles, in which food-derived plant microRNAs are included and may serve as a novel functional component in human health. Here, we demonstrated that hvu-MIR168-3p included in the nanoparticles of rice aleurone cells down-regulated the expression of the genes related to mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I in human cells. Subsequently, hvu-MIR168-3p enhanced protein and RNA expression levels of glucose transporter I and caused a decrease in the blood glucose level, which findings were obtained by in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. These findings suggest that a cross-kingdom relationship between plants and humans with respect to hvu-MIR168-3p exists and may contribute to preventive medicine for GLUT1-related dysfunctions including glucose metabolism, aging, and tumor immunology.

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Metabolic profiling of prostate cancer in skeletal microenvironments identifies G6PD as a key mediator of growth and survival

Whitburn, J., Rao, S.R., Morris, E.V., Tabata, S., Hirayama, A., Soga, T., Edwards, J.R., Kaya, Z., Palmer, C., Hamdy, F.C., Edwards, C.M.

Sci. Adv. 8 （ 8 ） eabf9096 2022年02月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

The spread of cancer to bone is invariably fatal, with complex cross-talk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment responsible for driving disease progression. By combining in silico analysis of patient datasets with metabolomic profiling of prostate cancer cells cultured with bone cells, we demonstrate the changing energy requirements of prostate cancer cells in the bone microenvironment, identifying the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) as elevated in prostate cancer bone metastasis, with increased expression of the PPP rate-limiting enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) associated with a reduction in progression-free survival. Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation demonstrates that G6PD inhibition reduces prostate cancer growth and migration, associated with changes in cellular redox state and increased chemosensitivity. Genetic blockade of G6PD in vivo results in reduction of tumor growth within bone. In summary, we demonstrate the metabolic plasticity of prostate cancer cells in the bone microenvironment, identifying the PPP and G6PD as metabolic targets for the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis.

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Multi-omics-based label-free metabolic flux inference reveals obesity-associated dysregulatory mechanisms in liver glucose metabolism

Uematsu S., Ohno S., Tanaka K.Y., Hatano A., Kokaji T., Ito Y., Kubota H., Hironaka K.i., Suzuki Y., Matsumoto M., Nakayama K.I., Hirayama A., Soga T., Kuroda S.

iScience 25 （ 2 ） 103787 2022年02月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Glucose homeostasis is maintained by modulation of metabolic flux. Enzymes and metabolites regulate the involved metabolic pathways. Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis is a pathological event in obesity. Analyzing metabolic pathways and the mechanisms contributing to obesity-associated dysregulation in vivo is challenging. Here, we introduce OMELET: Omics-Based Metabolic Flux Estimation without Labeling for Extended Trans-omic Analysis. OMELET uses metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic data to identify relative changes in metabolic flux, and to calculate contributions of metabolites, enzymes, and transcripts to the changes in metabolic flux. By evaluating the livers of fasting ob/ob mice, we found that increased metabolic flux through gluconeogenesis resulted primarily from increased transcripts, whereas that through the pyruvate cycle resulted from both increased transcripts and changes in substrates of metabolic enzymes. With OMELET, we identified mechanisms underlying the obesity-associated dysregulation of metabolic flux in the liver.

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Four features of temporal patterns characterize similarity among individuals and molecules by glucose ingestion in humans

Fujita, S., Karasawa, Y., Fujii, M., Hironaka, K., Uda, S., Kubota, H., Inoue, H., Sumitomo, Y., Hirayama, A., Soga, T., Kuroda, S.

NPJ Syst. Biol. Appl. 8 （ 1 ） 6 2022年02月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Oral glucose ingestion induces systemic changes of many blood metabolites related not only to glucose, but also other metabolites such as amino acids and lipids through many blood hormones. However, the detailed temporal changes in the concentrations of comprehensive metabolites and hormones over a long time by oral glucose ingestion are uncharacterized. We measured 83 metabolites and 7 hormones in 20 healthy human subjects in response to glucose ingestion. We characterized temporal patterns of blood molecules by four features: (i) the decomposability into "amplitude" and "rate" components, (ii) the similarity of temporal patterns among individuals, (iii) the relation of molecules over time among individuals, and (iv) the similarity of temporal patterns among molecules. Glucose and glucose metabolism-related hormones indicated a rapid increase, and citrulline and lipids, which indicated a rapid decrease, returned to fasting levels faster than amino acids. Compared to glucose metabolism-related molecules and lipids, amino acids showed similar temporal patterns among individuals. The four features of temporal patterns of blood molecules by oral glucose ingestion characterize the differences among individuals and among molecules.

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Energy-sparing by 2-methyl-2-thiazoline protects heart from ischaemia/reperfusion injury

Nishi M., Ogata T., Kobayakawa K., Kobayakawa R., Matsuo T., Cannistraci C.V., Tomita S., Taminishi S., Suga T., Kitani T., Higuchi Y., Sakamoto A., Tsuji Y., Soga T., Matoba S.

ESC Heart Fail. 9 （ 1 ） 428 - 441 2022年02月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Aims: Cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a critical issue in the therapeutic management of ischaemic heart failure. Although mild hypothermia has a protective effect on cardiac I/R injury, more rapid and safe methods that can obtain similar results to hypothermia therapy are required. 2-Methyl-2-thiazoline (2MT), an innate fear inducer, causes mild hypothermia resulting in resistance to critical hypoxia in cutaneous or cerebral I/R injury. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the protective effect of systemically administered 2MT on cardiac I/R injury and to elucidate the mechanism underlying this effect. Methods and results: A single subcutaneous injection of 2MT (50 mg/kg) was given prior to reperfusion of the I/R injured 10 week-old male mouse heart and its efficacy was evaluated 24 h after the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. 2MT preserved left ventricular systolic function following I/R injury (ejection fraction, %: control 37.9 ± 6.7, 2MT 54.1 ± 6.4, P < 0.01). 2MT also decreased infarct size (infarct size/ischaemic area at risk, %: control 48.3 ± 12.1, 2MT 25.6 ± 4.2, P < 0.05) and serum cardiac troponin levels (ng/mL: control 8.9 ± 1.1, 2MT 1.9 ± 0.1, P < 0.01) after I/R. Moreover, 2MT reduced the oxidative stress-exposed area within the heart (%: control 25.3 ± 4.7, 2MT 10.8 ± 1.4, P < 0.01). These results were supported by microarray analysis of the mouse hearts. 2MT induced a transient, mild decrease in core body temperature (°C: −2.4 ± 1.4), which gradually recovered over several hours. Metabolome analysis of the mouse hearts suggested that 2MT minimized energy metabolism towards suppressing oxidative stress. Furthermore, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging revealed that 2MT reduced the activity of brown adipose tissue (standardized uptake value: control 24.3 ± 6.4, 2MT 18.4 ± 5.8, P < 0.05). 2MT also inhibited mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in rat cardiomyoblasts. Conclusions: We identified the cardioprotective effect of systemically administered 2MT on cardiac I/R injury by sparing energy metabolism with reversible hypothermia. Our results highlight the potential of drug-induced hypothermia therapy as an adjunct to coronary intervention in severe ischaemic heart disease.

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Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 controls skin carcinogenesis and psoriasis by shaping the gut microbiota

Miki, Y., Taketomi, Y., Kidoguchi, Y., Yamamoto, K., Muramatsu, K., Nishito, Y., Park, J., Hosomi, K., Mizuguchi, K., Kunisawa, J., Soga, T., Boilard, E., Gowda, S.G.B. Ikeda, K., Arita, M., Murakami, M.

JCI Insight 7 （ 2 ） e152611 2022年01月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Besides promoting inflammation by mobilizing lipid mediators, group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) prevents bacterial infection by degrading bacterial membranes. Here, we show that, despite the restricted intestinal expression of sPLA2-IIA in BALB/c mice, its genetic deletion leads to amelioration of cancer and exacerbation of psoriasis in distal skin. Intestinal expression of sPLA2-IIA is reduced after treatment with antibiotics or under germ-free conditions, suggesting its upregulation by gut microbiota. Metagenome, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses have revealed that sPLA2-IIA deficiency alters the gut microbiota, accompanied by notable changes in the intestinal expression of genes related to immunity and metabolism, as well as in the levels of various blood metabolites and fecal bacterial lipids, suggesting that sPLA2-IIA contributes to shaping of the gut microbiota. The skin phenotypes in Pla2g2a-/- mice are lost (a) when they are cohoused with littermate WT mice, resulting in the mixing of the microbiota between the genotypes, or (b) when they are housed in a more stringent pathogen-free facility, where Pla2g2a expression in WT mice is low and the gut microbial compositions in both genotypes are nearly identical. Thus, our results highlight a potentially new aspect of sPLA2-IIA as a modulator of gut microbiota, perturbation of which affects distal skin responses.

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Glucocorticoid imprints a low glucose metabolism onto CD8 T cells and induces the persistent suppression of the immune response

Konishi, A., Suzuki, J., Kuwahara, M., Matsumoto, A., Nomura, S., Soga, T., Yorozuya, T., Yamashita, M.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 588 34 - 40 2022年01月

共著, 査読有り, ISSN 0006291X

Glucocorticoids (GCs), immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory agents have various effects on T cells. However, the long-term influence of GCs on the T cell-mediated immune response remain to be elucidated. We demonstrated that the administration of GC during the TCR-mediated activation phase induced long-lasting suppression of glycolysis, even after the withdrawal of GC. The acquisition of the effector functions was inhibited, while the expression of PD-1 was increased in CD8 T cells activated in the presence of GC. Furthermore, adoptive transfer experiments revealed that GC-treated CD8 T cells reduced memory T cell formation and anti-tumor activity. These findings reveal that GCs have long-lasting influence on the T cell-mediated immune response via modulation of T cell metabolism.

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Hao1 Is Not a Pathogenic Factor for Ectopic Ossifications but Functions to Regulate the TCA Cycle In Vivo

Kimura, A., Hirayama, A., Matsumoto, T., Sato, Y., Kobayashi, T., Ikeda, S., Maruyama, M., Kaneko, M., Shigeta, M., Ito, E., Soma, T., Miyamoto, K., Soga, T., Tomita, M., Oya, A., Matsumoto, M., Nakamura, M., Kanaji, A., Miyamoto, T.

Metabolites 12 （ 1 ） 82 2022年01月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), a disease characterized by the ectopic ossification of a spinal ligament, promotes neurological disorders associated with spinal canal stenosis. While blocking ectopic ossification is mandatory to prevent OPLL development and progression, the mechanisms underlying the condition remain unknown. Here we show that expression of hydroxyacid oxidase 1 (Hao1), a gene identified in a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) as an OPLL-associated candidate gene, specifically and significantly decreased in fibroblasts during osteoblast differentiation. We then newly established Hao1-deficient mice by generating Hao1-flox mice and crossing them with CAG-Cre mice to yield global Hao1-knockout (CAG-Cre/Hao1flox/flox; Hao1 KO) animals. Hao1 KO mice were born normally and exhibited no obvious phenotypes, including growth retardation. Moreover, Hao1 KO mice did not exhibit ectopic ossification or calcification. However, urinary levels of some metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were significantly lower in Hao1 KO compared to control mice based on comprehensive metabolomic analysis. Our data indicate that Hao1 loss does not promote ectopic ossification, but rather that Hao1 functions to regulate the TCA cycle in vivo.

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SI-MOIRAI: A new method to identify and quantify the metabolic fate of nucleotides

Ikeda, Y., Hirayama, A., Kofuji, S., Hirota, Y., Kamata, R., Osaka, N., Fujii, Y., Sasaki, M., Ikeda, S., Smith, E.P., Bachoo, R., Soga, T., Sasaki, A.T.

J Biochem. 170 （ 6 ） 699 - 711 2022年01月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 0021924X

Since the discovery of nucleotides over 100 years ago, extensive studies have revealed the importance of nucleotides for homeostasis, health, and disease. However, there remains no established method to investigate quantitively and accurately intact nucleotide incorporation into RNA and DNA. Herein, we report a new method, Stable-Isotope Measure Of Influxed Ribonucleic Acid Index (SI-MOIRAI), for the identification and quantification of the metabolic fate of ribonucleotides and their precursors. SI-MOIRAI, named after Greek goddesses of fate, combines a stable isotope-labeling flux assay with mass spectrometry to enable quantification of the newly synthesized ribonucleotides into r/m/tRNA under a metabolic stationary state. Using glioblastoma U87MG cells and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) glioblastoma mouse model, SI-MOIRAI analyses showed that newly synthesized GTP was particularly and disproportionally highly utilized for rRNA and tRNA synthesis but not for mRNA synthesis in glioblastoma (GBM) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, newly synthesized pyrimidine nucleotides exhibited a significantly lower utilization rate for RNA synthesis than newly synthesized purine nucleotides. The results reveal the existence of discrete pathways and compartmentalization of purine and pyrimidine metabolism designated for RNA synthesis, demonstrating the capacity of SI-MOIRAI to reveal previously unknown aspects of nucleotide biology.

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Stemness and immune evasion conferred by TDO2-AHR pathway are associated with liver metastasis of colon cancer

Miyazaki, T., Chung, S., Sakai, H., Ohata, H., Obata, Y., Shiokawa, D., Mizoguchi, Y., Kubo, T., Ichikawa, H., Taniguchi, H., Aoki, K., Soga, T., Nakagama, H., Okamoto, K.

Cancer Sci. 113 （ 1 ） 170 - 181 2022年01月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway modulates the immune system in response to kynurenine, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite. IDO1 and TDO2 catalyze kynurenine production, which promotes cancer progression by compromising host immunosurveillance. However, it is unclear whether the AHR activation regulates the malignant traits of cancer such as metastatic capability or cancer stemness. Here, we carried out systematic analyses of metabolites in patient-derived colorectal cancer spheroids, and identified high levels of kynurenine and TDO2 that were positively associated with liver metastasis. In a mouse colon cancer model, TDO2 expression substantially enhanced liver metastasis, induced AHR-mediated PD-L1 transactivation, and dampened immune responses; these changes were all abolished by PD-L1 knockout. In patient-derived cancer spheroids, TDO2 or AHR activity was required for not only the expression of PD-L1, but also for cancer stem cell (CSC)-related characteristics and Wnt signaling. TDO2 was coexpressed with both PD-L1 and nuclear β-catenin in colon xenograft tumors, and the coexpression of TDO2 and PD-L1 was observed in clinical colon cancer specimens. Thus, our data indicate that the activation of the TDO2-kynurenine-AHR pathway facilitates liver metastasis of colon cancer via PD-L1-mediated immune evasion and maintenance of stemness.

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Metabolic profiling of charged metabolites in association with menopausal status in Japanese community-dwelling midlife women: Tsuruoka Metabolomic Cohort Study

Watanabe, K., Iida, M., Harada, S., Kato, S., Kuwabara, K., Kurihara, A., Takeuchi, A., Sugiyama, D., Okamura, T., Suzuki, A., Amano, K., Hirayama, A., Sugimoto, M., Soga, T., Tomita, M., Kobayashi, Y., Banno, K., Aoki, D., Takebayashi, T.

Maturitas 155 54 - 62 2022年01月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Background
Emerging evidence has shown that charged metabolites, such as amino acids, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of various metabolic disorders, many of which women in the postmenopausal period are at high risk of developing. This study examined the metabolic profile of middle-aged Japanese women to investigate alterations in charged metabolites induced by menopausal transition.

Methods
The participants were 1193 female residents aged 40–60 at the baseline survey of the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study. We investigated the cross-sectional association of menopausal status with 94 metabolomic biomarkers assayed in fasting plasma samples via capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry using linear regression analysis.

Results
Among the participants, 529 were premenopausal, 132 were in menopausal transition (MT), and 532 were postmenopausal. Significant differences were found in age, blood pressure, glucose and lipid levels, and smoking and drinking habits among the three groups. The concentrations of 5 metabolites in the MT group and 15 metabolites in the postmenopausal group were significantly higher than those in the premenopausal group after adjusting for confounding factors. When classified into pathways, these metabolites were related to the tricarboxylic cycle, urea cycle, and homocysteine metabolism, some of which are linked to arteriosclerosis.

Conclusion
Multiple charged metabolites were associated with women's menopausal status, showing a gradual increase as women shifted from pre-, to peri-, to postmenopause. These findings might reflect the early changes behind the increased risk of dyslipidemia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis in later life.

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