Papers - Okamura, Tomonori

Lifestyle behaviors associated with the initiation of renal replacement therapy in Japanese patients with chronic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort study using a claims database linked with specific health checkup results

Hara A., Hirata T., Okamura T., Kimura S., Urushihara H.

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine)  26 ( 1 ) 102 2021.12

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  1342078X

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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for progression to an end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. We investigated the association of lifestyle behaviors with the initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) among CKD patients using an employment-based health insurance claims database linked with specific health checkup (SHC) data. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 149,620 CKD patients aged 40–74 years who underwent a SHC between April 2008 and March 2016. CKD patients were identified using ICD-10 diagnostic codes and SHC results. We investigated lifestyle behaviors recorded at SHC. Initiation of RRT was defined by medical procedure claims. Lifestyle behaviors related to the initiation of RRT were identified using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with recency-weighted cumulative exposure as a time-dependent covariate. Results: During 384,042 patient-years of follow-up by the end of March 2016, 295 dialysis and no kidney transplantation cases were identified. Current smoking (hazard ratio: 1.87, 95% confidence interval, 1.04─3.36), skipping breakfast (4.80, 1.98─11.62), and taking sufficient rest along with sleep (2.09, 1.14─3.85) were associated with the initiation of RRT. Conclusions: Among CKD patients, the lifestyle behaviors of smoking, skipping breakfast, and sufficient rest along with sleep were independently associated with the initiation of RRT. Our study strengthens the importance of monitoring lifestyle behaviors to delay the progression of mild CKD to RRT in the Japanese working generation. A substantial portion of subjects had missing data for eGFR and drinking frequency, warranting verification of these results in prospective studies.

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Prediction of Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Deaths Stratified by Sex in the Japanese Population.

Imai Y, Mizuno Tanaka S, Satoh M, Hirata T, Murakami Y, Miura K, Waki T, Hirata A, Sairenchi T, Irie F, Sata M, Ninomiya T, Ohkubo T, Ishikawa S, Miyamoto Y, Ohnishi H, Saitoh S, Tamakoshi A, Yamada M, Kiyama M, Iso H, Sakata K, Nakagawa H, Okayama A, Ueshima H, Okamura T, Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention From Observational Cohorts in Japan (EPOCH‐Japan) Research Group *.

Journal of the American Heart Association (Journal of the American Heart Association)  10 ( 23 ) e021753 2021.11

Research paper (scientific journal)

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BACKGROUND: Lifetime risk is an informative estimate for driving lifestyle and behavioral changes especially for young adults. The impact of composite risk factors for cardiovascular disease on lifetime risk stratified by sex has not been investigated in the Japanese population, which has a much lower mortality of coronary heart disease compared with the Western population. We aimed to estimate lifetime risk of death from cardiovascular disease attributable to traditional risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed pooled individual data from the Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention from Observational Cohorts in a Japanese cohort study. A modified Kaplan– Meier approach was used to estimate the remaining lifetime risk of cardiovascular death. In total, 41 002 Japanese men and women with 537 126 person-years of follow-up were included. The lifetime risk at the index-age of 45 years for those with optimal risk factors (total cholesterol <4.65 mmol/L, systolic blood pressure <120 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure <80 mm Hg, absence of diabetes, and absence of smoking habit) was lower compared with the highest risk profile of ≥2 risk factors (6.8% [95% CI, 0%–11.9%] versus 19.4% [16.7%– 21.4%] for men and 6.9% [1.2%–11.5%] versus 15.4% [12.6%–18.1%] for women). CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude and the number of risk factors were progressively associated with increased lifetime risk even in individuals in early adulthood who tend to have low short-term risk. The degree of established cardiovascular risk factors can be converted into lifetime risk. Our findings may be useful for risk communication in the early detection of future cardiovascular disease risk.

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Risk Classification for Metabolic Syndrome and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in Japan With Low Prevalence of Obesity: A Pooled Analysis of 10 Prospective Cohort Studies.

Iso H, Cui R, Takamoto I, Kiyama M, Saito I, Okamura T, Miyamoto Y, Higashiyama A, Kiyohara Y, Ninomiya T, Yamada M, Nakagawa H, Sakurai M, Shimabukuro M, Higa M, Shimamoto K, Saito S, Daimon M, Kayama T, Noda M, Ito S, Yokote K, Ito C, Nakao K, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T

Journal of the American Heart Association (Journal of the American Heart Association)  10 ( 23 ) e020760 2021.11

Research paper (scientific journal)

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BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether risk classification under the nationwide program on screening and lifestyle modification for metabolic syndrome captures well high-risk individuals who could benefit from lifestyle interventions. We examined the validity of risk classification by linking the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CONCLUSIONS: Similar CVD excess and attributable risks among individuals with metabolic syndrome components in the absence and presence of obesity/overweight imply the need for lifestyle modification in both high-risk groups. METHODS AND RESULTS: Individual-level data of 29 288 Japanese individuals aged 40 to 74 years without a history of CVD from 10 prospective cohort studies were used. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of high abdominal obesity and/ or overweight plus risk factors such as high blood pressure, high triglyceride or low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and high blood glucose levels. The risk categories for lifestyle intervention were information supply only, motivation-support intervention, and intensive support intervention. Sex-and age-specific hazard ratios and population attributable fractions of CVD, which were also further adjusted to consider non– high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, were estimated with reference to nonobese/overweight individuals, using Cox proportional hazard regression. Since the reference category included those with risk factors, we set a supernormal group (nonobese/overweight with no risk factor) as another reference. We documented 1023 incident CVD cases (565 men and 458 women). The adjusted CVD risk was 60% to 70% higher in men and women aged 40 to 64 years receiving an intensive support intervention, and 30% higher in women aged 65 to 74 years receiving a motivation-support intervention, compared with nonobese/overweight individuals. The population attributable fractions in men and women aged 40 to 64 years receiving an intensive support intervention were 17.7% and 6.6%, respectively, while that in women aged 65 to 74 years receiving a motivation-support intervention was 9.4%. Compared with the supernormal group, nonobese/overweight individuals with risk factors had similar hazard ratios and population attributable fractions as individuals with metabolic syndrome.

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Changes in smoking habits and behaviors following the introduction and spread of heated tobacco products in Japan and its effect on FEV₁ decline: a longitudinal cohort study.

Harada S, Sata M, Matsumoto M, Iida M, Takeuchi A, Kato S, Hirata A, Kuwabara K, Shibuki T, Ishibashi Y, Sugiyama D, Okamura T, Takebayashi T

Journal of epidemiology (Journal of epidemiology)  32 ( 4 ) 180 - 187 2021.10

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  0917-5040

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BACKGROUND: Heated tobacco product (HTP) use in Japan has rapidly increased. Despite this rapid spread, little is known about the health effects of HTP use. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study to investigate the change in smoking habits following the spread of HTP use and its effect on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) decline. METHODS: Participants consisted of a resident population (n = 2,612; mean age, 67.7 years) with FEV1 measurement in 2012-2014 and 2018-2019, and a worksite population (n = 722; mean age 49.3 years) without FEV1 data. Participants were categorized as combustible cigarette-only smokers, HTP-only users, dual users, past smokers, and never smokers. The association between smoking group and the change in smoking consumption over a mean 5.6 years was examined. Differences in annual FEV1 change between smoking groups were examined in the resident population. RESULTS: Prevalence of HTP-only and dual users in 2018-2019 was 0.8% and 0.6% in the resident population, and 5.0% and 1.9% in the worksite population, respectively. The overall number of tobacco products smoked/used increased in dual users compared to baseline, but not in others. Annual FEV1 decline in dual users tended to be greater than that in cigarette-only smokers (16; 95% confidence interval, -34 to 2 mL/year after full adjustment). Participants switching to HTP-only use 1.7 years before had a similar FEV1 decline as cigarette-only smokers. CONCLUSIONS: HTP use, including dual use, is prevalent even in a rural region of Japan. Dual users appear to smoke/use tobacco products more and have a greater FEV1 decline. Tobacco policy should consider dual use as high-risk.

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Impact of resting heart rate on cardiovascular mortality according to serum albumin levels in a 24-year follow-up study on a general Japanese population: NIPPON DATA80.

Liu Y, Hirata A, Okamura T, Sugiyama D, Hirata T, Kadota A, Kondo K, Ohkubo T, Miura K, Okayama A, Ueshima H

Journal of epidemiology (Journal of epidemiology)  33 ( 5 ) 227 - 235 2021.09

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  0917-5040

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BACKGROUND: Elevated resting heart rate (RHR) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. However, the findings of cohort studies differed. Thus, the impact of RHR on CVD mortality might be different according to the background of the population. Therefore, we examined the relationship of RHR and CVD mortality according to serum albumin (ALB) levels in a Japanese general population. METHODS: In total, 8,363 individuals without a history of CVD were followed for 24.0 years. The participants were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of RHR (Q1-Q4), and they were further classified into the high and low ALB groups based on a median value of 44 g/L. We estimated the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD mortality in each RHR group based on ALB levels, and the interaction between RHR and ALB groups on CVD mortality was evaluated. RESULTS: We found no significant association between RHR and CVD mortality. However, the Q4 of RHR was significantly associated with an increased risk for CVD mortality (HR 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.57) in participants with a low ALB level. Meanwhile, the Q4 of RHR was significantly correlated with a decreased risk for CVD morality in those with a high ALB level (HR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47-0.79) after adjusting for covariates. A significant interaction between RHR and ALB for CVD mortality was shown (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The impact of RHR on CVD mortality differed according to ALB levels in a general Japanese population.

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Serum modified high-density lipoprotein and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in a Japanese community-based nested case-control study.

Sata M, Kakino A, Hirata A, Iida M, Usami Y, Harada S, Fujita Y, Kohsaka S, Izawa Y, Sawano M, Oki K, Sugiyama D, Takahashi S, Takebayashi T, Sawamura T, Okamura T

European journal of preventive cardiology 29 ( 5 ) e193 - e195 2021.09

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  2047-4873

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Smoking, blood pressure, and body mass index to estimate healthy life expectancy: NIPPON DATA90

Tsukinoki Rumi, Hayakawa Takehito, Kadota Aya, Murakami Yoshitaka, Miura Katsuyuki, Okayama Akira, Okamura Tomonori, Ueshima Hirotsugu

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 50 2021.09

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  0300-5771

Relationship of higher-level functional capacity on long-term mortality in Japanese population: NIPPON DATA90

Nagata Hideki, Miura Katsuyuki, Tanaka Sachiko, Kadota Aya, Hayakawa Takehito, Takashima Naoyuki, Kita Yoshikuni, Kondo Keiko, Okayama Akira, Okamura Tomonori, Ueshima Hirotsugu

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 50 2021.09

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  0300-5771

Impact of overweight on diabetes prevalence: 20-year trends in National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan

Sata Mizuki, Sugiyama Daisuke, Hirata Takumi, Horie Saki, Takimoto Hidemi, Okamura Tomonori

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 50   206 - 206 2021.09

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  0300-5771

Disease Burden and Universal Health Coverage Monitoring

Okamoto Shohei, Shimmmei Keita, Okamura Tomonori

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 50 2021.09

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  0300-5771

Change of smoking habits by introducing and spreading heated tobacco products in Japan

Harada Sei, Sata Mizuki, Matsumoto Minako, Takeuchi Ayano, Iida Miho, Kato Suzuka, Hirata Aya, Kuwabara Kazuyo, Sugiyama Daisuke, Okamura Tomonori, Takebayashi Toru

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 50   93 - 93 2021.09

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  0300-5771

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Association between environmental cadmium exposure and plasma and urinary metabolite profiles in Japanese cohort study

Ishibashi Yoshiki, Harada Sei, Eitaki Yoko, Iida Miho, Kurihara Ayako, Hirata Aya, Shibuki Takuma, Okamura Tomonori, Hirayama Akiyoshi, Sugimoto Masahiro, Soga Tomoyoshi, Tomita Masaru, Takebayashi Toru

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 50 2021.09

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  0300-5771

Erratum to "Validity Assessment of Self-reported Medication Use for Hypertension, Diabetes, and Dyslipidemia in a Pharmacoepidemiologic Study by Comparison With Health Insurance Claims" [J Epidemiol (2020) doi:10.2188/jea.JE20200089. Epub ahead of print.].

Matsumoto M, Harada S, Iida M, Kato S, Sata M, Hirata A, Kuwabara K, Takeuchi A, Sugiyama D, Okamura T, Takebayashi T

Journal of epidemiology 31 ( 9 ) 520 - 521 2021.07

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  0917-5040

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Relationship of higher-level functional capacity with long-term mortality in Japanese older people: NIPPON DATA90.

Nagata H, Miura K, Tanaka S, Kadota A, Hayakawa T, Kondo K, Fujiyoshi A, Takashima N, Kita Y, Okayama A, Okamura T, Ueshima H

Journal of epidemiology (Journal of Epidemiology)  33 ( 3 ) 136 - 141 2021.07

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  0917-5040

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Background: Basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL and IADL, respectively) are known predictors of mortality. However, the relationship between higher-level functional capacity (HLFC) and mortality and related sex differences have rarely been investigated. Methods: A prospective population-based cohort study was conducted in 1,824 older residents (≥65 years) with independent BADL from 300 randomly selected areas in Japan from 1995, and the participants were followed up until 2010. Using the Cox proportional hazards model, the relationship between HLFC and mortality risk was investigated, with adjustment for possible confounders. HLFC was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence. Baseline data were collected using a questionnaire or by home-visit interviews. Results: During an average 12.2-year follow-up, all-cause death was observed in 836 (45.8%) participants. Impaired HLFC was significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.65). Lower social role was significantly associated with higher mortality risk in men (HR 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13–1.68). Lower IADL and intellectual activity were significantly associated with higher mortality risk in women (HR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.15–1.95 and HR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.19–1.79, respectively). The relationship between HLFC and mortality risk showed a similar tendency among cardiovascular diseases, stroke, cancer, and pneumonia. Conclusion: Impaired HLFC was associated with a high risk of all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older people with independent BADL. In particular, social role in men and IADL and intellectual activity in women were associated with long-term mortality risk.

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Association between socioeconomic status and physical inactivity in a general Japanese population: NIPPON DATA2010

Sumimoto Y., Yanagita M., Miyamatsu N., Okuda N., Nishi N., Nakamura Y., Nakamura K., Miyagawa N., Miyachi M., Kadota A., Ohkubo T., Okamura T., Ueshima H., Okayama A., Miura K.

PLoS ONE (PLoS ONE)  16 ( 7 July ) e0254706 2021.07

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  1932-6203

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Background: Lower socioeconomic status (SES) may be related to inactivity lifestyle; however, the association between SES and physical inactivity has not been sufficiently investigated in Japan. Methods: The study population is the participants of NIPPON DATA2010, which is a prospective cohort study of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010 in Japan. They were residents in 300 randomly selected areas across Japan. This study included 2,609 adults. Physical activity was assessed by physical activity index (PAI) calculated from activity intensity and time. The lowest tertile of PAI for each 10-year age class and sex was defined as physical inactivity. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of SES (employment status, educational attainment, living status, and equivalent household expenditure (EHE)) with physical inactivity. Results: In the distribution of PAI by age classes and sex, the highest median PAI was aged 30-39 years among men (median 38.6), aged 40-49 years among women (38.0), and median PAI was decreased with increasing age. Multivariable-adjusted model shows that not working was significantly associated with physical inactivity after adjustment for age in all age groups and sexes. Not living with spouse for adult women and elderly men was significantly associated with physical inactivity compared to those who living with spouse. However, neither educational attainment nor EHE had any significant associations with physical inactivity. Conclusions: The result indicated that physical inactivity was associated with SES in a general Japanese population. SES of individuals need to be considered in order to prevent inactivity lifestyle.

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The Risk of Fasting Triglycerides and its Related Indices for Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases in Japanese Community Dwellers: the Suita Study.

Higashiyama A, Wakabayashi I, Okamura T, Kokubo Y, Watanabe M, Takegami M, Honda-Kohmo K, Okayama A, Miyamoto Y

Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis (Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis)  28 ( 12 ) 1275 - 1288 2021.05

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  1340-3478

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Aim: A prospective cohort study in a Japanese urban general population was performed to investigate whether triglyceride (TG) and its related indices were associated with the risk for the incidence of ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) after the adjustment for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in Asian community dwellers. Methods: A 15.1-year prospective cohort study was performed in 6,684 Japanese community dwellers aged 30–79 years without a history of CVD and whose fasting TG levels were ＜400 mg/dL. After adjusting for covariates, including LDL-C, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the deciles (D) of TG and those of 1-standard deviation (SD) increment of log-transformed TG (1-SD of TG) according to LDL-C level (≥ 140 and ＜140 mg/dL) for ischemic CVD incidence were estimated. The multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95%CIs of the quintiles (Q) of TG, TG/HDL-C, and the cardiometabolic index (CMI) for ischemic CVD were also estimated. Results: In 101,230 person-years, 464 ischemic CVD cases occurred. For D10 of TG, the HR (95%CI) was 1.56 (1.05–2.32), and for 1-SD of TG, it was 1.30 (1.00–1.70) in participants with LDL-C ＜140 mg/dL and 1.07 (0.77–1.50) in those with LDL-C ≥ 140 mg/dL. For Q5 of the CMI, the multivariable-adjusted HR was higher than those of TG and TG/HDL-C. Conclusions: Fasting TG was an independent predictor for ischemic CVD incidence after adjusting for LDL-C in Japanese community dwellers with TG ＜400 mg/dL. Among TG, TG/HDL-C, and the CMI, the CMI could be the most powerful predictor for ischemic CVD.

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Combined Impact Of Chronic Kidney Disease And Hypertension On Lifetime Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease Death: A Pooled Analysis Of Data From The Evidence For Cardiovascular Prevention From Observational Cohorts In Japan Study

Imai Yukiko, Sakurai Masaru, Hideaki Nakagawa, Hirata Aya, Murakami Yoshitaka, Tanaka Sachiko, Kiyohara Yutaka, Ninomiya Toshiharu, Ishikawa Shizukiyo, Saitoh Shigeyuki, Irie Fujiko, Sairenchi Toshimi, Kiyama Masahiko, Miura Katsuyuki, Ueshima Hirotsugu, Okamura Tomonori

CIRCULATION 143 2021.05

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  0009-7322

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Relationship of urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein with cardiovascular risk factors in the Japanese population without chronic kidney disease: Sasayama study.

Kubota Y, Higashiyama A, Marumo M, Konishi M, Yamashita Y, Okamura T, Miyamoto Y, Wakabayashi I

BMC nephrology (BMC Nephrology)  22 ( 1 ) 189 2021.05

Research paper (scientific journal)

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Background: Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) is a well-known marker of proximal tubular impairment. We evaluated the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and levels of L-FABP in a cross-sectional community-based study. Participants with normoalbuminuria and normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), that is, non-chronic kidney disease (non-CKD), were enrolled in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to focus on the association between CVD risk factors and a proximal tubular marker in the Japanese general population with normoalbuminuria and normal eGFR. Methods: The present study is part of the Sasayama study. The participants included 1000 community residents (447 men and 553 women) aged 40–64 years without a history of CVD or renal dysfunction. Out of these participants 375 men and 477 women, defined as non-CKD, were included for further analysis. In each sex, the highest quintile group was considered to have high-normal L-FABP levels. A multiple logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between risk factors for CVD and high-normal L-FABP levels in the non-CKD participants. We performed a similar analysis using the high-normal urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) as a dependent variable instead of L-FABP. Results: Among the non-CKD participants, in the highest quintile group (Q5, top 20%), L-FABP was ≥2.17 μg/gCre in men and ≥ 2.83 μg/gCre in women. In women, the multivariate odds ratio was 3.62 (1.45–9.00) for high-normal L-FABP in the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) compared with that in the group without DM. However, the relationship between DM and the UACR level was not significant. In men, DM was significantly associated with high-normal UACR. However, the relationship with L-FABP levels was not significant. Conclusions: The presence of DM was more strongly related to high-normal L-FABP levels than to high-normal UACR in women even at the stage of normoalbuminuria and normal eGFR. Our results were also consistent with the findings of a previous study where women were more prone to nonalbuminuric renal impairment compared to men, although further studies are required to confirm the results.

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Association between socioeconomic status and prolonged television viewing time in a general Japanese population: NIPPON DATA2010.

Sumimoto Y, Yanagita M, Miyamatsu N, Okuda N, Nishi N, Nakamura Y, Nakamura K, Miyagawa N, Miyachi M, Kadota A, Ohkubo T, Okamura T, Ueshima H, Okayama A, Miura K, for NIPPON DATA2010 Research Group.

Environmental health and preventive medicine (Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine)  26 ( 1 ) 57 2021.05

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  1342-078X

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Background: It has been pointed out that prolonged television (TV) viewing is one of the sedentary behaviors that is harmful to health; however, the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and prolonged TV viewing time has not been sufficiently investigated in Japan. Methods: The study population are the participants of NIPPON DATA2010, which is a prospective cohort study of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010 in Japan. They were residents in 300 randomly selected areas across Japan. This study included 2752 adults. SES was classified according to the employment status, educational attainment, living status, and equivalent household expenditure (EHE). Prolonged TV viewing time was defined as more than or equal to 4 h of TV viewing per day. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of SES with prolonged TV viewing time. Results: The mean TV viewing time was 2.92 h in all participants. Of 2752 participants, 809 (29.4%) prolonged TV viewing, and the mean TV viewing time of them was 5.61 h. The mean TV viewing time in participants without prolonged TV viewing time was 1.81 h. The mean TV viewing time was prolonged as age classes increased and significantly longer in aged ≥60 years. Prolonged TV viewing time was associated with not working for all age classes and sexes. Only among women, education attainment and living status were also associated with prolonged TV viewing time. For education attainment, the lower the received years of education, the higher odds ratios (OR) of prolonged TV viewing time. For living status, in women aged <60 years, living with others had a significantly higher OR compared to living with spouse. On the other hand, in women aged ≥60 years, living alone had a significantly higher OR. EHE did not have any significant associations with prolonged TV viewing time. Conclusions: In a general Japanese population, it should be noted that the association between SES and prolonged TV viewing time differed by age and sex. Particularly, it must draw attention to the prolonged TV viewing in elderly. The intervention in order to shorten TV viewing time needs to consider these attributes.

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Comparison of the Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry reference method and CDC method for HDL and LDL cholesterol measurements using fresh sera

Kayamori Y., Nakamura M., Kishi K., Miida T., Nishimura K., Okamura T., Hirayama S., Ohmura H., Yoshida H., Ai M., Tanaka A., Sumino H., Murakami M., Inoue I., Teramoto T., Yokoyama S.

Practical Laboratory Medicine (Practical Laboratory Medicine)  25   e00228 2021.05

Research paper (scientific journal),  ISSN  2352-5517

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Objectives: In 2009, the Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC) recommended a reference method for the measurement of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This automated method uses cholesterol esterase-cholesterol dehydrogenase to measure cholesterol levels in fractions obtained after ultracentrifugation and dextran sulfate/magnesium chloride precipitation. In the present study, using fresh samples, we compared the LDL-C and HDL-C levels measured using this method with those measured using the traditional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-beta-quantification (BQ) method. Design: and methods: Using both the JSCC and CDC-BQ methods, LDL-C/HDL-C levels were measured in 47 non-diseased and 126 diseased subjects, whose triglyceride levels were lower than 11.29 ​mmol/L (1000 ​mg/dL). Results: For LDL-C, the equation of the line representing the correlation between the two methods was y ​= ​0.991x + 0.009 ​mmol/L; r ​= ​0.999; and Sy/x ​= ​0.025 ​mmol/L, where x is the mean LDL-C level measured using the CDC-BQ method. Similarly, for HDL-C, the equation of the line representing the correlation between the two methods was y ​= ​0.988x + 0.041 ​mmol/L, r ​= ​0.999, and Sy/x ​= ​0.019 ​mmol/L, where x is the mean HDL-C level measured using the CDC-BQ method. Conclusions: The JSCC method agreed with the CDC-BQ method in cases of both non-diseased and diseased subjects, including those with dyslipidemia.

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