Details of a Researcher - Okamura, Tomonori

Papers - Okamura, Tomonori

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A novel Thr56Met mutation of the autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia gene associated with hypercholesterolemia

Harada Koji, Miyamoto Yoshihiro, Morisaki Hiroko, Ohta Naotaka, Yamanaka Itaru, Kokubo Yoshihiro, Makino Hisashi, Harada-Shiba Mariko, Okayama Akira, Tomoike Hitonobu, Tomonori Okamura, Saito Yoshihiko, Yoshimasa Yasunao, Morisaki Takayuki

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 17 ( 2 ) 131 - 140 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1340-3478

Aim: The autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH) gene is located on chromosome 1p35 and encodes a 308-amino acid protein containing a phosphotyrosine-binding domain. Several researchers have identified mutations of ARH that cause autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia; however, it remains unknown whether this gene is involved in common hypercholesterolemia. Methods and Results: We searched for polymorphisms of the ARH gene by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing. We identified 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the gene, including 9 novel polymorphisms, and determined 2 haplotype blocks. No association was observed between common hypercholesterolemia and any polymorphisms or haplotypes of the ARH gene; however, we newly identified a rare Thr56Met missense mutation located in the phosphotyrosine-binding domain, which is the functional domain responsible for cholesterol metabolism. Among 1,800 Japanese individuals enrolled in the Suita study, only 4 were heterozygous for Thr56Met and all had hypercholesterolemia. The total cholesterol level and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of diabetic patients with the Thr56Met missense mutation was 276.3 ± 13.8 mg/dL and 185.3 ± 7.37 mg/dL, respectively. Conclusions: Because the Thr56Met missense mutation occurs in an orthologously conserved functional domain and all subjects with the mutation had hypercholesterolemia resembling familiar hypercholesterolemia, it may be a cause of familial hypercholesterolemia.

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Integration of data from NIPPON DATA80/90 and national nutrition survey in Japan

Okuda Nagako, Miura Katsuyuki, Yoshita Katsushi, Matsumura Yasuhiro, Okayama Akira, Nakamura Yasuyuki, Okamura Tomonori, Saitoh Shigeyuki, Sakata Kiyomi, Ojima Toshiyuki, Turin Tanvir Chowdhury, Ueshima Hirotsugu, Kodama Kazunori, Kasagi Fumiyoshi, Nakamura Yoshikazu, Kita Yoshikuni, Tamakoshi Koji, Kiyohara Hiroshi, Nakagawa Hideaki, Hayakawa Takehito, Hozawa Atsuhi

Journal of Epidemiology 20 ( SUPPL.3 ) S506 - 14 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0917-5040

Background: Diet is one of the most important lifestyle factors that a affect healthy life expectancy through onset of various lifestyle-related diseases. Large-scale cohort studies with sufficient baseline nutritional information are scarce. NIPPON DATA80/90 is cohort study of representative Japanese population, and the cohorts also participated in the National Nutrition Survey in Japan (NNSJ) at the baseline. The corresponding datasets could be combined. Methods: Individual records of NIPPON DATA and NNSJ were compared and integrated. Intakes of nutrients and food groups for individual participants were calculated by distributing intakes in the each household in NNSJ, considering age and sex of the individuals. The results from an international cooperative epidemiological study (INTERMAP) were utilized to estimate intakes of 75 nutrients for NNSJ80 and 70 nutrients for NNSJ90. Nutrient intakes calculated utilizing INTERMAP data were compared with those in the NNSJ datasets. Results: NIPPON DATA80/90 datasets were enhanced with detailed baseline nutrient intake data (the numbers of participants combined were 10 422 and 8342 for NIPPON DATA80 and 90, respectively). The mean nutrient intakes calculated through utilizing INTEMRAP data and those calculated from the NNSJ datasets were similar, and the calculated values were strongly correlated with those calculated from NNSJ datasets (Pearson's correlation coefficients greater than 0.8 [P < 0.001]). Detailed nutrient intakes (eg, cholesterol, fatty acids, amino acids, and dietary fiber) were complemented. Conclusions: The nutrient intakes calculated from NNSJ datasets for the participants of NIPPON DATA are appropriate as the baseline nutrient intake data. The enhanced cohort datasets are suitable for investigations of baseline dietary habits and the consequent health status. © 2010 by the Japan Epidemiological Association.

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Relation of gamma-glutamyltransferase and alcohol drinking with incident diabetes

Hozawa Atsushi, Okamura Tomonori, Tanaka Taichiro, Miura Katsuyuki, Kikuchi Yuriko, Kadowaki Takashi, Yoshita Katsushi, Takebayashi Toru, Tamaki Junko, Minai Junko, Tada Takayo, Chiba Nagako, Okayama Akira, Ueshima Hirotsugu

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 17 ( 2 ) 195 - 202 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1340-3478

Aim: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is known to correlate well with alcohol consumption; however, the relation between GGT and diabetes and that between alcohol consumption and diabetes mellitus (DM) is inconsistent. Thus, several questions, such as whether light to moderate drinkers can be considered as low risk for diabetes incidence irrespective of their GGT level, is unresolved. In this study, we investigated the relation of GGT or alcohol drinking with DM incidence considering the body mass index (BMI) in healthy Japanese workers. Methods: We followed 3095 men who did not have DM at baseline for 4 years. Incident diabetes was defined as a fasting (non-fasting) plasma glucose level of ≥7.0 (11.1) mmol/L, or treatment of diabetes. Multiple adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional models. Results: Participants with higher GGT (GGT ≥27 IU/L) showed an increased risk of diabetes incidence even when their BMI level was low. Although a U-shaped relation between alcohol drinking and incident diabetes was observed, the risk to light to moderate drinkers (alcohol <23 g/day) was not low if they were either overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) or had higher GGT (HR= 2.60, p= 0.08) or both overweight and higher GGT (HR= 3.16, p= 0.07) compared with never drinkers without higher GGT and overweight. Conclusions: Higher GGT was associated with a higher incidence of DM irrespective of drinking status or obesity. Although a U-shaped relation between alcohol drinking and incident diabetes was observed, the risk to light to moderate drinkers was not low if they were either overweight or had higher GGT.

Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease

Okamura Tomonori

Journal of Epidemiology 20 ( 4 ) 259 - 265 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 0917-5040

Although the causal relationships of high serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with coronary artery disease (CAD) are well established, there have been few community-based epidemiologic studies of these relations in Japan. Furthermore, even when analysis is restricted to ischemic stroke, the relationship between dyslipidemia and stroke is very weak. Accordingly, it is difficult to perform cohort studies of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. A series of studies, such as the NIPPON DATA (National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and Its Trends in the Aged) cohort study of a representative sample of Japanese, have greatly increased existing evidence. NIPPON DATA80 revealed a clear positive relationship between TC and CAD, and indicated that reverse causality between hypocholesterolemia and liver disease may increase all-cause mortality in hypocholesterolemic Japanese. NIPPON DATA90 showed that serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was inversely associated with all-cause mortality, even when HDL-C was very high. NIPPON DATA80 revealed that low-normal levels of serum albumin and TC are associated with a decline in activity during old age, especially in women. The Suita study-a unique cohort study of urban residents-showed that LDL-C and non-HDL-C were equally accurate in predicting the incidence of myocardial infarction. Further research of this quality is needed to ascertain the public health burden of dyslipidemia in Japan. © 2010 by the Japan Epidemiological Association.

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Integration of data from NIPPON DATA80/90 and national nutrition survey in Japan

Journal of Epidemiology 20 ( 4 ) 346 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0917-5040

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Low blood cholesterol and intraparenchymal hemorrhage in cohort studies

Okamura Tomonori

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 17 ( 3 ) 312 - 314 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 1340-3478

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Relationship between 5-year decline in instrumental activity of daily living and accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors

Hayakawa Takehito, Okamura Tomonori, Okayama Akira, Kanda Hideyuki, Watanabe Makoto, Kita Yoshikuni, Miura Katsuyuki, Ueshima Hirotsugu

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 17 ( 1 ) 64 - 72 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1340-3478

Aim: To clarify the relationship between the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors and the 5-year decline in instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) among a cohort representative of the Japanese population aged 65 years and over. Methods: An IADL survey was performed by public health centers throughout Japan. Study subjects were elderly men and women living in districts under the jurisdiction of collaborating health centers. Subjects were invited to participate in the IADL survey assessed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Index of Competence twice in 1995 and in 2000; 1222 participants were eligible for the analysis. The relationship between the number of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglycemia, low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes, obesity and smoking, at baseline and the 5-year difference in IADL scores was examined by linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results: Decrease in IADL scores was larger in those with cardiovascular risk factors than in those without. The multivariable odds ratio (OR) for decreased IADL after adding one CVD risk factor was 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.29) after adjusting for age, sex, alcohol consumption and TMIG score at baseline. Among participants who were regarded as physically independent with respect to basic ADL in the baseline survey, the odds ratio was also similar and significant. Conclusion: Preventive interventions directed against cardiovascular risk factors, especially against their accumulation, may contribute to maintaining IADL in the Japanese elderly.

Protein intakes and serum albumin levels in a Japanese general population

Watanabe Makoto, Higashiyama Aya, Kokubo Yoshihiro, Ono Yuu, Okayama Akira, Okamura Tomonori

Journal of Epidemiology 20 ( SUPPL.3 ) S531 - 6 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0917-5040

Background: It is well-known that albumin is synthesized in the liver; serum albumin is a major component of serum proteins. However, it has not been well elucidated how dietary protein intakes are associated with serum albumin levels in general populations without extreme malnutrition. We cross-sectionally investigated in the representative Japanese the association between dietary protein intake and serum albumin levels. Methods: A total of 7715 subjects (3220 men and 4495 women, aged 30 years or more) with measurement of serum albumin who participated in both the National Survey on Circulatory Disorders in 1990 and the National Nutrition Survey in 1990 were analyzed in the present analysis. Multiple-adjustments were performed with linear regression models to estimate the association between serum albumin levels and animal or vegetable protein intake adjusting for age and body mass index. Results: The very weak positive association between animal protein and serum albumin levels was observed. On the other hand, there was no clear association observed between vegetable protein and serum albumin levels. Regardless of sex and models, age was inversely associated with serum albumin levels with statistically significance, and standardized coefficients of age were considerably larger in both sexes than other variables. Adjustment for body mass index hardly altered the coefficients of animal or vegetable protein intake, but adjustment for total cholesterol clearly attenuated the relationship between animal protein intake and serum albumin levels. Conclusions: Present analysis indicated the possibility that animal protein intake was related with serum albumin levels, while vegetable protein intake was not related. © 2010 by the Japan Epidemiological Association.

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Changes in weight, cardiovascular risk factors and estimated risk of coronary heart disease following smoking cessation in Japanese male workers

Tamura Unai, Tanaka Taichiro, Okamura Tomonori, Kadowaki Takashi, Yamato Hiroshi, Tanaka Hideo, Nakamura Masakazu, Okayama Akira, Ueshima Hirotsugu, Yamagata Zentaro

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 17 ( 1 ) 12 - 20 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 1340-3478

Aim: It is well established that people gain weight after smoking cessation; however, changes in cardiovascular risk factors and the estimated risk of coronary heart disease following smoking cessation have yet to be fully clarified. Methods: The participants were 1,995 Japanese male workers at 11 workplaces who participated continuously in the High-risk and Population Strategy for Occupational Health Promotion (HIPOPOHP) study. Participants with a smoking habit had cardiovascular risk factors measured at baseline and over a 4-yr period. Their estimated incidence risk of coronary heart disease was calculated by a formula based on a previous cohort study. Results: Successful abstainers who had stopped smoking for at least 6 months at the end of the follow-up period had weight gains of approximately 2 kg. These subjects had significant worsening of the following factors compared to continuing smokers: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride and fasting blood sugar levels. In contrast, HDL-cholesterol levels improved significantly. When the overall instantaneous incidence risk of coronary heart disease prior to smoking cessation was assumed to be 1.00, the estimated risk was 0.76 (95%CI: 0.68-0.85) in successful abstainers due mainly to smoking cessation, despite weight gain. Conclusion: Although smoking cessation leads to weight gain, the estimated risk of coronary heart disease was decreased markedly by smoking cessation.

一般市民の飲酒、喫煙習慣と脳卒中危険因子としての多量飲酒、喫煙の認識.

森本明子、宮松直美、岡村智教、中山博文、盛永美保、豊田章宏、鈴木一夫、畑隆志、山口武典.

日本アルコール・薬物医学会雑誌 45 ( 5 ) 411-419 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Comparison of the national nutritional survey in Japan estimated individual-based nutritional data and NIPPON DATA80 food frequency questionnaires

Nakamura Yasuyuki, Okuda Nagako, Turin Tanvir Chowdhury, Fujiyoshi Akira, Okamura Tomonori, Hayakawa Takehito, Matsumura Yasuhiro, Miura Katsuyuki, Ueshima Hirotsugu

Journal of Epidemiology 20 ( SUPPL.3 ) S582 - 6 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), ISSN 0917-5040

Background: The National Nutritional Survey in Japan (NNSJ) was initiated in 1946. Using the majority of the participants for NNSJ, the National Survey on Circulatory Disorders has been conducted every 10 year since 1960. We performed a comparative study of the NNSJ80 estimated individual-based nutritional data by comparing those with NIPPON DATA80 food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) data. Methods: A total of 10 546 community residents from 300 randomly selected districts participated in the both surveys in 1980. At baseline, history, physical, and blood biochemical measurement and a nutritional survey by FFQ were performed individually. From household-based NNSJ80 data, we estimated nutrient intakes of each household member by dividing household intake data proportionally using average intakes by sex and age groups calculated for NNSJ95. We re-categorized NNSJ80 estimated data to correspond to NIPPON DATA80 FFQ categories. Data were analyzed in men and women separately. Results: Cross tables showed fairly good agreement of the two categories. The majorities of participants situated on the diagonally aligned cells or the next to them. Weighted kappa ranged from 0.152 to 0.241. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between the two categories ranged from 0.224 to 0.338, and those between NNSJ80 continuous data and NIPPON DATA80 categorical data ranged from 0.237 to 0.354. All these values have P < 0.001. Conclusions: These results may indicate that the present nutritional estimation method is applicable to, further studies. © 2010 by the Japan Epidemiological Association.

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Fatty acids intakes and serum lipid profiles

Nakamura Yasuyuki, Okuda Nagako, Turin Tanvir Chowdhury, Fujiyoshi Akira, Okamura Tomonori, Hayakawa Takehito, Yoshita Katsushi, Miura Katsuyuki, Ueshima Hirotsugu

Journal of Epidemiology 20 ( SUPPL.3 ) S544 - 8 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), ISSN 0917-5040

Background: The National Nutritional Survey in Japan (NNSJ) was initiated in 1946. Using the majority of the participants for NNSJ, the National Survey on Circulatory Disorders (NSCD) has been conducted every 10 year since 1960. We compared fatty acids intakes obtained from NNSJ and serum lipid profiles from NSCD conducted in 1990. Methods: A total of 8344 community residents (4856 women and 3488 men, age ≥ 30) from 300 randomly selected districts participated in the both surveys in 1990. At baseline, history, physical, and blood biochemical measurement and a nutritional survey were performed. We estimated nutrient intakes of each household member by dividing household intake data proportionally using average intakes by sex and age groups calculated for NNSJ95. Results: Total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), dietary cholesterol, and Keys dietary lipid factor (KEYS) were inversely associated with age in both men and women (all Ps < 0.001). In women, age and body mass index (BMI) adjusted serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) were positively associated with SFA, total fat intakes (%kcal), and with KEYS (P < 0.001). In men, age-BMI adjusted HDLc was not associated with SFA, total fat intakes, and with KEYS factors unlike in women. Other associations were similar to those in women. Conclusions: The total fatty acids, SFA intakes, and KEYS lipid factor obtained from NNSJ were significantly associated with serum total and LDL cholesterol from the National Survey on Circulatory Disorders conducted in 1990. © 2010 by the Japan Epidemiological Association.

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Population Attributable Fraction of Smoking and Metabolic Syndrome on Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Japan

Takashima Naoyuki, Miura Katsuyuki, Hozawa Atsushi, Kadota Aya, Okamura Tomonori, Nakamura Yasuyuki, Hayakawa Takehito, Okuda Nagako, Fujiyoshi Akira, Nagasawa Shin Ya, Kadowaki Takashi, Murakami Yoshitaka, Kita Yoshikuni, Okayama Akira, Ueshima Hirotsugu

BMC Public Health 10 306 2010

Research paper (scientific journal)

Background. Smoking and metabolic syndrome are known to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk. In Asian countries, prevalence of obesity has increased and smoking rate in men is still high. We investigated the attribution of the combination of smoking and metabolic syndrome (or obesity) to excess CVD deaths in Japan. Methods. A cohort of nationwide representative Japanese samples, a total of 6650 men and women aged 30-70 at baseline without history of CVD was followed for 15 years. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio for CVD death according to the combination of smoking status and metabolic syndrome (or obesity) was calculated using Cox proportional hazard model. Population attributable fraction (PAF) of CVD deaths was calculated using the hazard ratios. Results. During the follow-up period, 87 men and 61 women died due to CVD. The PAF component of CVD deaths in non-obese smokers was 36.8% in men and 11.3% in women, which were higher than those in obese smokers (9.1% in men and 5.2% in women). The PAF component of CVD deaths in smokers without metabolic syndrome was 40.9% in men and 11.9% in women, which were also higher than those in smokers with metabolic syndrome (7.1% in men and 3.9% in women). Conclusion. Our results indicated that a large proportion of excess CVD deaths was observed in smokers without metabolic syndrome or obesity, especially in men. These findings suggest that intervention targeting on smokers, irrespective of the presence of metabolic syndrome, is still important for the prevention of CVD in Asian countries. © 2010 Takashima et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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What psychosocial characteristics are associated with smoking cessation behavior and readiness to quit smoking among japanese male ever-smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Morimoto Akiko, Miyamatsu Naomi, Okamura Tomonori, Hozawa Atsushi, Kadota Aya, Morinaga Miho, Ogita Mihoko, Kashiwagi Atsunori, Ueshima Hirotsugu

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 17 ( 4 ) 361 - 368 2010

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1340-3478

Aim: The relationship between psychosocial characteristics and smoking cessation behavior was examined among Japanese male ever-smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The psychosocial characteristics and smoking cessation behavior of 441 male ever-smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus were investigated. Personality was assessed using an egogram (five ego states: the Critical Parent, Nurturing Parent, Adult, Free Child, and Adapted Child) and each patient was classified into a high score or low score group based on the median. The current smokers were divided into 2 categories according to their readiness to quit smoking. Results: In multivariate analyses, the ever-smokers with a high Adult score had a lower risk of current smoking (OR=0.67, 95%CI=0.41-0.93), the ever-smokers with a high Free Child score were over 3 times more likely to currently smoke (OR=3.12, 95%CI=1.97-4.97), and the ever-smokers who had a low educational background had a higher risk of current smoking (OR=3.02, 95% CI=1.73-5.28). In addition, the current smokers with a high Adult score had a lower risk of being in the immotive and precontemplation stage (OR=0.55, 95%CI=0.24-0.96). The current smokers who had a low educational background had a higher risk of being in the immotive and precontemplation stage (OR=2.13, 95%CI=1.08-5.42). Conclusion: There is a need to develop a smoking cessation program for patients with high "Free Child" scores and a "low education level".

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Risk-prediction tools for cardiovascular disease based on Japanese cohort studies

Okamura Tomonori, Higashiyama Aya

Hypertension Research 32 ( 12 ) 1053 - 1054 2009.12

ISSN 0916-9636

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Alcohol intake and 19-year mortality in diabetic men

Nakamura Yasuyuki, Ueshima Hirotsugu, Kadota Aya, Hozawa Atsushi, Okamura Tomonori, Kadowaki Sayaka, Kadowaki Takashi, Hayakawa Takehito, Kita Yoshikuni, Abbott Robert D., Okayama Akira

Alcohol 43 ( 8 ) 635 - 641 2009.12

ISSN 0741-8329

Although moderate alcohol intake in diabetic Caucasians is associated with a reduction in coronary heart disease mortality, no study in Japanese with diabetes has examined the association between alcohol intake and mortality outcomes. We analyzed the relationship between alcohol intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality using the database from NIPPON DATA80. At the baseline in 1980, data on history, lifestyle, and physical examinations were collected on study participants aged 30 years and older from randomly selected areas in Japan. After excluding participants with comorbidities, we followed 4,018 male participants (3,614 nondiabetics, 195 with impaired glucose tolerance and 209 diabetic) for 19 years. During the 19 years of follow-up, there were 990 deaths; 328 were from cardiovascular disease and 157 from all-heart diseases. With the never-drinking category serving as a reference, the Cox multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for non-daily and daily drinkers for cardiovascular mortality were 0.43 (95% confidence intervals: 0.19-0.95) and 0.45 (0.25-0.80), respectively, and 0.33 (0.12-0.91) and 0.31 (0.15-0.67) for all-heart disease mortality in the combined impaired glucose tolerance and diabetic Japanese men. Alcohol drinking in men with glucose intolerance was associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular and all-heart disease mortality as seen in the general population in Japan. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Relation of serum leptin to blood pressure of Japanese in Japan and Japanese-Americans in Hawaii

Nakamura Yasuyuki, Ueshima Hirotsugu, Okuda Nagako, Murakami Yoshitaka, Miura Katsuyuki, Kita Yoshikuni, Okamura Tomonori, Turin Tanvir C., Rodriguez Beatriz, Curb J. David, Stamler Jeremiah

Hypertension 54 ( 6 ) 1416 - 1422 2009.12

ISSN 0194-911X

Data from animal studies clearly indicate an association between leptin and hypertension; results of human studies are less concordant. We investigated the role of leptin in obesity-related higher blood pressure (BP) in Japanese Americans living in Hawaii and Japanese in Japan. Serum leptin and BP were examined by standardized methods in men and women ages 40 to 59 years from 2 population samples, one Japanese American in Hawaii (88 men and 94 women) and the other Japanese in central Japan (123 men and 111 women). Multiple linear regression models were used to assess role of leptin in obesity-related higher BP. Across quartiles of leptin, there were significantly higher mean body mass index levels, systolic BP, and diastolic BP for both sexes and sites (P<0.01 to 0.02). In multivariate regression analyses using all of the data combined, relations of body mass index and leptin to systolic BP and diastolic BP remained significant with the interaction term (body mass index×log-leptin) in the models (P<0.01 to <0.05). These findings are consistent with the inference that leptin may be an independent mediator for obesity-related elevations in BP. © 2009 American Heart Association. All rights reserved.

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Dietary habits in middle age and future changes in activities of daily living - NIPPON DATA80-NIPPON DATA80 research group

Nakamura Yasuyuki, Hozawa Atsushi, Turin Tanvir Chowdhury, Takashima Naoyuki, Okamura Tomonori, Hayakawa Takehito, Kita Yoshikuni, Okayama Akira, Miura Katsuyuki, Ueshima Hirotsugu

Gerontology 55 ( 6 ) 707 - 713 2009.11

ISSN 0304-324X

Background: Almost no studies have investigated the relationship between food intake measured at middle age and future disability. Objective: To examine the association of meat, fish and egg intake with risk of subsequent mortality and/or future decline in activities of daily living (ADL) among the elderly. Methods: The cohort consisted of 2,316 Japanese individuals aged 47-60 at the baseline who were randomly selected throughout Japan and followed up for 19 years from 1980. Results: Those who ate meat at least once every 2 days were younger, there were more men, daily drinkers, professional workers and urban residents compared to those who ate meat less than once every 2 days. Over 19 years of follow-up, 75 participants became dependent due to impaired ADL. A higher intake of meat was associated with a statistically significant decrease in impaired ADL occurrence (odds ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence intervals 0.38-0.99, p = 0.04). Fish and egg intake were not associated with any difference in impaired ADL occurrence. None of the 3 foods were associated with any changes in mortality. Conclusion: A higher intake of meat may prevent impaired ADL occurrence, although this was not associated with a lower mortality. Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.

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Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein, Coronary Calcium, and Intima-Media Thickness of the Carotid Artery in Middle-Age Japanese Men

Okamura Tomonori, Sekikawa Akira, Kadowaki Takashi, El-Saed Aiman, Abbott Robert D., Curb J. David, Edmundowicz Daniel, Nakamura Yasuyuki, Murata Kiyoshi, Kashiwagi Atsunori, Sutton-Tyrrell Kim, Evans Rhobert W., Zmuda Joseph M., Maegawa Hiroshi, Hozawa Atsushi, Mitsunami Ken Ichi, Nishio Yoshihiko, Miljkovic-Gacic Iva, Horie Minoru, Miyamatsu Naomi, Murakami Yoshitaka, Kuller Lewis H., Ueshima Hirotsugu

American Journal of Cardiology 104 ( 6 ) 818 - 822 2009.09

ISSN 0002-9149

The relation between cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) levels and atherosclerosis is controversial. We examined whether the serum CETP levels were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, independent of its most common gene variant, in a sample of Japanese men. A population-based cross-sectional study of 250 Japanese men aged 40 to 49 years was conducted to assess the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery, coronary artery calcium, serum CETP levels, and the CETP D442G gene variant. Compared with the lowest CETP quartile, the multivariate adjusted odds ratio for coronary artery calcium was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.18 to 3.36), 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.27 to 3.40), and 3.49 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 11.6) with increasing CETP quartiles. The serum CETP quartiles were also positively associated with the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery (adjusted mean 602, 616, 615, and 646 μm for the lowest to top quartile, respectively). The findings remained unchanged after additional adjustment for the CETP D442G gene variant. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of coronary artery calcium or in the mean intima-media thickness of the carotid artery between participants with and without the CETP D442G gene variant. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Association between polymorphism of the AGTR1 and cardiovascular events in a Japanese general sample (The Shigaraki Study)

Tamaki Shinji, Nakamura Yasuyuki, Tabara Yasuharu, Okamura Tomonori, Kanda Hideyuki, Kita Yoshikuni, Kadowaki Takashi, Tsujita Yasuyuki, Chowdhury Turin Tanvir, Horie Minoru, Miki Tetsuro, Ueshima Hirotsugu

International Journal of Cardiology 136 ( 3 ) 354 - 355 2009.08

ISSN 0167-5273

We examined whether the A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II type I receptor gene (AGTR1) affects cardiovascular event occurrence in a Japanese prospective cohort study. The 2212 participants who gave informed consent for genetic analysis were enrolled in this study (the Shigaraki Study). The average observation period was 1954 days. Cardiovascular events occurred in 37 individuals (1.7%). The independent factors which specified cardiovascular events were age (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.16; p < 0.0001) and sex (HR = 2.18; 95%CI: 1.23-3.85; p = 0.007). However, the A1166C polymorphism of AGTR1 was not a predictive factor for cardiovascular events (HR = 1.11; 95%CI: 0.61-2.02; p = 0.731). © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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