論文 - 野村　周平

Umami: an alternative Japanese approach to reducing sodium while enhancing taste desirability

S Nomura, A Ishizuka, S Tanaka, D Yoneoka, H Uneyama, K Shibuya

Health 13 (6), 629-636 （Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.）  13 （ 06 ） 629 - 636 2021年06月

筆頭著者, 査読有り,  ISSN  1949-4998

• Access to Document (DOI)

Trends in emergency transportation due to heat illness under the new normal lifestyle in the COVID-19 era, in Japan and 47 prefectures

Uryu S., Tanoue Y., Nomura S., Matsuura K., Makiyama K., Kawashima T., Yoneoka D., Eguchi A., Kawamura Y., Gilmour S., Sakamoto H., Shimizu K., Ng C.F.S., Hashizume M.

Science of the Total Environment （Elsevier BV）  768   144723 - 144723 2021年05月

査読有り,  ISSN  00489697

　概要を見る

In Japan, in response to the spread of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a ‘new normal’ in the era of the COVID-19 was proposed by the government, which calls for thorough wearing of masks as an infection control measure in the era of the COVID-19, but related heat illness has been a great concern this summer. We applied quasi-Poisson regression models to the daily number of emergency transportations due to heat illness from 2008 to 2020 from the Fire and Disaster Management Agency, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan, to estimate the expected weekly number of emergency transportations from heat illness, with adjustment for their long-term trend and the weather conditions, including temperatures. We found that, at the national level, the number of heat illness emergency transports did not significantly increase or decrease from the annual trend in 2020. By prefecture, on the other hand, there were some prefectures in which the number of heat illness emergency transports was less than the average year, and most of them were in the week of August 10–16. By age group, the number of heat illness emergency transports in the 0–17 and 18–64 age groups was particularly low in some prefectures, and by severity, those in mild cases was particularly low. A caution is necessary that there is a possibility that a decrease in cases possibly associated with COVID-19 measures, such as, outdoor activity restrictions at schools/universities and cancellation of public events, may offset the possible increase in heat illness cases occurring elsewhere associated with wearing masks. Given that the end of the COVID-19 pandemic is not expected yet, continuous and appropriate awareness-raising activities to prevent heat-related illness remain important.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Assessing factors associated with tb awareness in nepal: A national and subnational study

Iwaki Y., Rauniyar S.K., Nomura S., Huang M.C.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health （{MDPI} {AG}）  18 （ 10 ） 5124 - 5124 2021年05月

査読有り,  ISSN  16617827

　概要を見る

Tuberculosis (TB) has still remained a serious global health threat in low-and middleincome countries in recent years. As of 2021, Nepal is one of the high TB burden countries, with an increasing prevalence of cases. This study evaluates factors associated with TB awareness in Nepal. This study uses data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey carried out from June 2016 to January 2017. Multilevel logistic regression is performed to examine the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with TB awareness. Our findings show a high level of TB awareness in all seven provinces of Nepal. Province 5 has the highest level of awareness (98.1%) among all provinces, followed by provinces 3 and 4, while province 6 has the lowest awareness level (93.2%) compared to others. Socioeconomic factors such as wealth, education and owning a mobile phone are significantly associated with TB awareness. Socioeconomic determinants are influential factors associated with TB awareness in Nepal. The wide variation in the proportion of awareness at a regional level emphasizes the importance of formulating tailored strategies to increase TB awareness. For instance, the use of mobile phones could be an effective strategy to promote TB awareness at a regional level. This study provides valuable evidence to support further research on the contribution of information and communication technology (ICT) usage to improving TB awareness in Nepal.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Expected scopes of health emergency and disaster risk management (Health edrm): Report on the expert workshop at the annual conference for the japanese association for disaster medicine 2020

Nomura S., Kayano R., Egawa S., Harada N., Koido Y.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health （MDPI AG）  18 （ 9 ） 4447 - 4447 2021年05月

査読有り,  ISSN  16617827

　概要を見る

The World Health Organization (WHO) and its partners established the WHO Thematic Platform for Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management Research Network (HEALTH EDRM RN) in 2016 to respond to the increasing burden of recent health emergencies and disasters. The mission of the HEALTH EDRM RN, whose secretariat is located at the WHO Kobe Centre (WKC), is to promote global research collaboration and strengthen research activities to inform policies and programs by generating new evidence to manage health risks associated with all types of emergencies and disasters. With the strong support and involvement of all WHO regional offices, the HEALTH EDRM RN now works with more than 200 global experts and partners to pursue its mission. The first Core Group Meetings of the HEALTH EDRM RN were held on 17–18 October 2019, and concluded with the HEALTH EDRM RN-activity priorities to (1) promote operational research to better meet the needs of emergency-and disaster-exposed individuals and communities and efforts to translate science to policies and programs and (2) strengthen the research capacity of the Health EDRM community. In collaboration with the Japanese Association for Disaster Medicine, the WKC held a workshop on 21 February 2020, in which 20 Japanese experts from different research fields participated to further discuss these two points. This paper summarizes the discussion at the workshop.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Progress towards the development of research agenda and the launch of knowledge hub: The who thematic platform for health emergency and disaster risk management research network (health edrm rn)

Kayano R., Nomura S., Abrahams J., Huda Q., Chan E.Y.Y., Murray V.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 （ 9 ） 4959 2021年05月

査読有り,  ISSN  16617827

　概要を見る

In response to the increasing burden of recent health emergencies and disasters, the World Health Organization (WHO) and its partners established the WHO thematic platform for health emergency and disaster risk management research network (health EDRM RN) in 2016, with the purposes of promoting global research collaboration among various stakeholders and enhancing research activities that generate evidence to manage health risks associated with all types of emergencies and disasters. With the strong support and involvement of all WHO regional offices, the health EDRM RN now works with more than 200 global experts and partners to implement its purposes. The 1st and 2nd Core Group Meetings of the health EDRM RN were held on 17–18 October 2019 and 27 November 2020, respectively, to discuss the development of a global research agenda that the health EDRM RN will focus on facilitating, promoting, synthesizing and implementing, taking into account the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (health EDRM RN research agenda). A focus of the meetings was the establishment of an online platform to share information and knowledge, including the databases that the health EDRM RN accumulates (WHO health EDRM knowledge hub). This paper presents a summary of the discussion results of the meetings.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Association between Daily Living Walking Speed and Lifestyle and Physiological Factors in Older, Female Pokémon GO Players

S Nomura, A Eguchi, D Yoneoka, T Kawashima, N Hirahara, Y Tanoue, ...

Health 13 (5), 564-573 （Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.）  13 （ 05 ） 564 - 573 2021年05月

筆頭著者, 査読有り,  ISSN  1949-4998

• Access to Document (DOI)

COVID-19 and heat illness in Tokyo, Japan: Implications for the summer olympic and paralympic games in 2021

Shimizu K., Gilmour S., Mase H., Le P.M., Teshima A., Sakamoto H., Nomura S.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 （ 7 ）  2021年04月

ISSN  16617827

　概要を見る

The 2020 summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo were postponed to July– September 2021 due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While COVID-19 has emerged as a monumental health threat for mass gathering events, heat illness must be acknowl-edged as a potentially large health threat for maintaining health services. We examined the number of COVID-19 admissions and the Tokyo rule for emergency medical care, in Tokyo, from March to September 2020, and investigated the weekly number of emergency transportations due to heat illness and weekly averages of the daily maximum Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) in Tokyo in the summer (2016–2020). The peak of emergency transportations due to heat illness overlapped the resurgence of COVID-19 in 2020, and an increase of heat illness patients and WBGT has been observed. Respect for robust science is critical for the decision-making process of mass gathering events during the pandemic, and science-based countermeasures and implementations for COVID-19 will be warranted. Without urgent reconsiderations and sufficient countermeasures, the double burden of COVID-19 and heat-related illnesses in Tokyo will overwhelm the healthcare provision system, and maintaining essential health services will be challenging during the 2021 summer Olympic and Paralympic Games.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Military coup during COVID-19 pandemic and health crisis in Myanmar

Han S.M., Lwin K.S., Swe K.T., Gilmour S., Nomura S.

BMJ Global Health （BMJ）  6 （ 4 ） e005801 - e005801 2021年04月

最終著者, 査読有り

• Access to Document (DOI)

Trends in suicide in Japan by gender during the COVID-19 pandemic, through December 2020

Nomura S., Kawashima T., Harada N., Yoneoka D., Tanoue Y., Eguchi A., Gilmour S., Kawamura Y., Hashizume M.

Psychiatry Research （Elsevier {BV}）  300   113913 - 113913 2021年04月

筆頭著者, 査読有り,  ISSN  0165-1781

• Access to Document (DOI)

Trends in healthcare access in japan during the first wave of the covid-19 pandemic, up to june 2020

Makiyama K., Kawashima T., Nomura S., Eguchi A., Yoneoka D., Tanoue Y., Kawamura Y., Sakamoto H., Gilmour S., Shi S., Matsuura K., Uryu S., Hashizume M.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health （MDPI AG）  18 （ 6 ） 1 - 11 2021年03月

査読有り,  ISSN  16617827

　概要を見る

We evaluated the impact of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on healthcare access in Japan in terms of the number of outpatients and hospitalized patients as well as the length of hospital stays, during the first wave of the pandemic, up to June 2020. This observational study evaluated the monthly average number of outpatients per day at hospitals, the average number of hospitalized patients per day, and the average length of hospital stays per patient, from December 2010 to June 2020, using the hospital reports data, which are open aggregated data on the utilization of hospitals from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. These numbers were compared with those from the same period of previous years, using a quasi-Poisson regression model. We found a nationwide decrease in the number of outpatients in general hospitals and hospitalized patients, particularly in long-term care beds in Japan, as well as the excess length of hospital stays among psychiatric care patients during the first wave of the COVID-19. This limited access to healthcare demonstrated the importance of the long-term health monitoring of vulnerable populations and the need for urgent management support to healthcare facilities in preparation for possible prolonged pandemics in the future.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Excess all-cause deaths during coronavirus disease pandemic, Japan, January-May 2020

Kawashima T., Nomura S., Tanoue Y., Yoneoka D., Eguchi A., Ng C.F.S., Matsuura K., Shi S., Makiyama K., Uryu S., Kawamura Y., Takayanagi S., Gilmour S., Miyata H., Sunagawa T., Takahashi T., Tsuchihashi Y., Kobayashi Y., Arima Y., Kanou K., Suzuki M., Hashizume M.

Emerging Infectious Diseases （Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)）  27 （ 3 ） 789 - 795 2021年03月

査読有り,  ISSN  10806040

　概要を見る

To provide insight into the mortality burden of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Japan, we estimated the excess all-cause deaths for each week during the pandemic, January-May 2020, by prefecture and age group. We applied quasi-Poisson regression models to vital statistics data. Excess deaths were expressed as the range of differences between the observed and expected number of all-cause deaths and the 95% upper bound of the 1-sided prediction interval. A total of 208-4,322 all-cause excess deaths at the national level indicated a 0.03%-0.72% excess in the observed number of deaths. Prefecture and age structure consistency between the reported COVID-19 deaths and our estimates was weak, suggesting the need to use cause-specific analyses to distinguish between direct and indirect consequences of COVID-19.

• Access to Document (DOI)

The relationship between fever rate and telework implementation as a social distancing measure against the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan

Kawashima T., Nomura S., Tanoue Y., Yoneoka D., Eguchi A., Shi S., Miyata H.

Public Health （Elsevier {BV}）  192   12 - 14 2021年03月

査読有り,  ISSN  00333506

　概要を見る

Objectives: On March 28, the Japanese government decided on the “Basic Policies for Novel Coronavirus Disease Control” and called on the public to thoroughly implement social distancing measures (i.e., behavioral restrictions to limit the frequency and intensity of human contact), especially telework. Methods: We used population-level questionnaire data from a social networking service (SNS), with 275,560 respondents from March 5 to April 6, to evaluate the relationship between telework implementation and the presence of a fever (body temperature higher than 37.5 °C) within 1 month as a surrogate indicator of COVID-19 infection, by occupation type and age-group. Results: Among company employees, statistical significance was identified in the 15- to 29-year and 30- to 59-year age-groups, showing higher fever rates in the non-teleworker group (for the 15- to 29-year age-group, non-teleworkers: 7.64%; teleworkers: 6.45%; P = 0.02; for the 30- to 59-year age-group, non-teleworkers: 3.46%; teleworkers: 3.14%; P = 0.02). Conclusions: Telework remains a controversial topic in Japan as the government called for emergency measures. Although caution is warranted in interpreting our findings because our data are limited to the voluntary SNS users, they will be essential to push forward with more measures to promote social distancing measures in the midst of Japan's current tense political climate.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Age-appropriate vaccination coverage and its determinants in children aged 12-36 months in Nepal: a national and subnational assessment

Rauniyar SK and Iwaki Y and Yoneoka D and Hashizume M and Nomura S

2021年03月

• Access to Document (DOI)

Comparison of short-term outcomes between transthoracic and robot-assisted transmediastinal radical surgery for esophageal cancer: a prospective study.

Yoshimura S and Mori K and Ri M and Aikou S and Yagi K and Yamagata Y and Nishida M and Yamashita H and Nomura S and Seto Y

BMC cancer 2021年03月

• Access to Document (DOI)

Assessing the regional impact of Japan's COVID-19 state of emergency declaration: A population-level observational study using social networking services

Yoneoka D., Shi S., Nomura S., Tanoue Y., Kawashima T., Eguchi A., Matsuura K., Makiyama K., Uryu S., Ejima K., Sakamoto H., Taniguchi T., Kunishima H., Gilmour S., Nishiura H., Miyata H.

BMJ Open （{BMJ}）  11 （ 2 ） e042002 - e042002 2021年02月

査読有り,  ISSN  2044-6055

　概要を見る

Objective On 7 April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency in response to the novel coronavirus outbreak. To estimate the impact of the declaration on regional cities with low numbers of COVID-19 cases, large-scale surveillance to capture the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 was urgently conducted in this study. Design Cohort study. Setting Social networking service (SNS)-based online survey conducted in five prefectures of Japan: Tottori, Kagawa, Shimane, Tokushima and Okayama. Participants 127 121 participants from the five prefectures surveyed between 24 March and 5 May 2020. Interventions An SNS-based healthcare system named COOPERA (COvid-19: Operation for Personalized Empowerment to Render smart prevention And care seeking) was launched. It asks questions regarding postcode, personal information, preventive actions, and current and past symptoms related to COVID-19. Primary and secondary outcome measures Empirical Bayes estimates of age-sex-standardised incidence rate (EBSIR) of symptoms and the spatial correlation between the number of those who reported having symptoms and the number of COVID-19 cases were examined to identify the geographical distribution of symptoms in the five prefectures. Results 97.8% of participants had no subjective symptoms. We identified several geographical clusters of fever with significant spatial correlation (r=0.67) with the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, especially in the urban centres of prefectural capital cities. Conclusions Given that there are still several high-risk areas measured by EBSIR, careful discussion on which areas should be reopened at the end of the state of emergency is urgently required using real-time SNS system to monitor the nationwide epidemic.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness within a cervical cancer screening programme: cohort study

Acuti Martellucci C., Nomura S., Yoneoka D., Ueda P., Brotherton J.M.L., Canfell K., Palmer M., Manzoli L., Giorgi Rossi P., De Togni A., Palmonari C., Califano A., Saito E., Hashizume M., Shibuya K.

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 128 （ 3 ） 532 - 539 2021年02月

ISSN  14700328

　概要を見る

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an HPV vaccination programme in reducing the risk of cervical abnormalities identified at subsequent screening. Design: Retrospective cohort study using administrative health data. Setting: General population of Ferrara Province, Italy. Population: Female residents born in 1986–1993 and participating in the organized cervical screening programme in 2011–2018, who were eligible for HPV vaccination in catch-up cohorts. Methods: Logistic regression to evaluate the potential association between abnormal cervical cytology and one, two, three or at least one dose of HPV vaccine. Main outcome measures: Cervical abnormalities, as predicted by low-grade or high-grade cytology, by number of vaccine doses, stratified by age. Results: The sample consisted of 7785 women (mean age 27.5 years, SD 2.3). Overall, 391 (5.0%) were vaccinated with ≥1 dose and 893 (11.5%) had abnormal cytology. Women receiving at least one vaccine dose were significantly less likely to have an abnormal cytology (adjusted odds ratio 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.34–0.79). Similar results were observed for women receiving a single dose, for both bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines, and applying buffer periods (excluding cytological outcomes within 1 month, 6 months and 1 year of the first dose). Conclusions: In the context of an organised cervical screening programme in Italy, catch-up HPV vaccination almost halved the risk of cytological abnormalities. Tweetable abstract: Among Ferrara women, vaccination against human papillomavirus halved the risk of screening cervical abnormalities.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Development and Worsening of Diabetes Among Adults Aged Over 40 Years: A 6-Year Follow-Up Study of 140,000 People in Japan–The Shizuoka Study

S Nomura, H Sakamoto, SK Rauniyar, K Shimada, H Yamamoto, ...

2021年02月

• Access to Document (DOI)

Trends in suicide in Japan by gender during the COVID-19 pandemic, up to September 2020

Nomura S., Kawashima T., Yoneoka D., Tanoue Y., Eguchi A., Gilmour S., Kawamura Y., Harada N., Hashizume M.

Psychiatry Research （Elsevier {BV}）  295   113622 - 113622 2021年01月

査読有り,  ISSN  01651781

　概要を見る

Suicide is an extreme consequence of the psychological burden associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) counter-measures. A quasi-Poisson regression was applied to monthly suicide mortality data obtained from the National Police Agency to estimate the gender-specific excess/exiguous suicide deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan up to September 2020. We found excess suicide deaths among women in July, August and September, but not among men. Our results indicate the importance of COVID-19 related suicide prevention, especially for women. Timely access to mental health care and financial and social support is urgently needed, as is optimal treatment for mental illness.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Effect of emergency declaration on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A social network service-based difference-in-differences approach

Eguchi A., Yoneoka D., Shi S., Tanoue Y., Kawashima T., Nomura S., Makiyama K., Uryu S., Sawada M., Kawamura Y., Takayanagi S., Gilmour S., Miyata H.

Science Progress （SAGE Publications）  104 （ 3 ） 003685042110297 - 003685042110297 2021年

ISSN  00368504

　概要を見る

Strong lockdowns to control COVID-19 pandemic have been enforced globally and strongly restricted social activities with consequent negative effects on mental health. Japan has effectively implemented a unique voluntary policy to control COVID-19, but the mental health impact of the policy has not been examined on a large scale. In this study, we examined the effect of the first declaration on the mental health of affected residents. We used population-level questionnaire data of 17,400 people living under the state of emergency and 9208 who were not through a social-networking-service app and applied a difference-in-differences regression model to estimate the causal effect of the declaration of the state of emergency on psychological wellbeing, stratified by job category. No statistically significant effect of the declaration was observed among all job categories. This suggests that residents’ psychological situation has gradually changed, possibly influenced by other factors such as the surrounding environment, rather than the declaration itself. Given that Japan has a unique policy to control COVID-19 instead of a strict lockdown, our results showed the Japanese-style policy may serve as a form of harm reduction strategy, to control the epidemic with minimal psychological harm, and enable a policy that balances disease control and mental health. Caution is necessary that this study used self-reported data from a limited time period before and after the first declaration in April 2020.

• Access to Document (DOI)

Comparative risk assessment of non-communicable diseases by evacuation scenario– a retrospective study in the 7 years following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident

Nomura S., Murakami M., Ozaki A., Sawano T., Leppold C., Nishikawa Y., Saito H., Oikawa T., Tsubokura M.

Global Health Action （Informa {UK} Limited）  14 （ 1 ） 1918886 - 1918886 2021年

査読有り,  ISSN  1654-9716

　概要を見る

Background: As a result of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, many residents evacuated and were exposed to changes in their living environment and socioeconomic status, and to persistent stressors. Past studies have suggested the potential for these circumstances to contribute to long-term changes to population health. Objective: The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of long-term health effects of evacuation, by evaluating the risk of non-communicable diseases among evacuees from Minamisoma City (one of the closest municipalities to the power plant) until 2017. Methods: The study evaluated data from annual health check-ups for residents aged 40–74 years covered by National Health Insurance (who are largely self-employed) from 2010 to 2017 administered by Minamisoma City. Diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension were defined from the results of blood sampling. Annual changes in age-adjusted prevalence were estimated by evacuation scenario. We also performed an inverse-probability weighting (IPW) analysis to adjust for baseline covariates in 2010 and estimated the differences in the risk of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension by evacuation scenario as of the 2017 health check-up in reference to the no-evacuation group. Results: A total of 1,837 individuals were considered in this study. Regardless of evacuation scenario, there was statistical evidence suggesting an upward and a downward trend in diabetes and hypertension from 2010 to 2017, respectively, while hyperlipidemia showed no remarkable change. IPW analyses demonstrated that disease risks in 2017 did not differ significantly among people with different evacuation scenarios. Conclusions: Region-specific factors played an important role in the health effects of the evacuation. Our findings have important implications for the need of an assessment of the health effects of evacuations in more localized manner. Further research in this area will strengthen the communities’ preparedness for future disasters that require mass evacuation.

• Access to Document (DOI)