Details of a Researcher - Hayashi, Yoichiro

Papers - Hayashi, Yoichiro

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The self-serving veil of justice: egocentric bias fosters zero-sum thinking despite fair settings

LH Matsunaga, T Aoki, W Poortinga, Y Hayashi

Social Justice Research 38 (2), 141-166 (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 38 ( 2 ) 141 - 166 2025

ISSN 0885-7466

Abstract

This study delves into the enduring influence of egocentric bias within negotiation contexts despite fair settings. We investigate how individuals navigate the interplay between egocentric bias, justice mechanisms (i.e., procedural and retributive justice), and their impact on zero-sum thinking. Across three studies encompassing 947 participants from Japan and the UK, we explored these dynamics through simulated negotiation scenarios like car-trade deals and international environmental negotiations. Our findings reveal a robust egocentric bias, dominating judgments even when justice mechanisms are introduced. Negotiators tend to view personal gains as independent of losses incurred by others, hindering collaborative outcomes. Procedural fairness demonstrates a moderating effect, fostering perceptions of fairness and reducing zero-sum thinking in specific scenarios (car-trade). However, its influence diminishes in complex international contexts. Interestingly, retributive justice, intended to discourage non-cooperative behavior, backfires by intensifying punitive sentiments. Thus, it might have a non-desirable effect in some situations. This research offers valuable insights for academics and practitioners alike. It underscores the pervasiveness of egocentric bias in zero-sum thinking despite the presence of justice mechanisms. By highlighting these dynamics, the study paves the way for developing more effective negotiation strategies that promote cooperation and foster successful conflict resolution in real-world settings.

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大学入学者選抜における公正知覚と不公正知覚はシンメトリックなのか?: アジア・オセアニア 10 カ国データを用いた国際比較

木村拓也，林洋一郎，川瀬萌馨，立山皓基，陣内未来

九州大学大学院人間環境学研究院教育学部門 27, 47-61 (Faculty of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University) 27 47 - 61 2025

ISSN 13451677

In this paper, based on the overall justice scale (Ambrose and Schminke, 2009), we created a Overall Justice and Injustice for University and College Entrance Examination scale (OJIUCEE) and examined whether there isa s ymmetrical relationship between perceptions ofju stice and perceptions ofin justice in 10 Asian and Oceanian countries. Specifically, we measure justice and injustice in reverse order, using the Overall Justice and Injustice forU niversity and CollegeE ntrance Examination scale (OJIUCEE), based on the full-rangeJ ustice scale developed byC olquitt et .la (2015), which combines adherence toju stice rules Gustice) and violation ofju stice rules (injustice). We commissioned an internet survey company with overseas monitors to conduct the survey, and obtained as ample of72 2 people inJ apan, 196 inT hailand, 145 inV ietnam, and 248 inA ustraliain M arch 2023, and 422 inC hina, 196 inH ongK ong, and 137 inT aiwan inA pril20 23. The surveys ubjectsw ere 3520 people who had experienced taking university and college entrance examinations in the capital cities or major metropolitan areas ofea ch country. Prior toa nalysis, we checked the internal consistencyo fth e justice perception items, and found that the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was.875, which met the required standard. In addition, the Cronbach's alpha coeficientfo rth e injustice perception items was.868, which metth e required standard. The results ofth e correlation analysiss howed that, overall, there was am oderaten egative correlation between justice perception and injustice perception (-.537), suggesting that there was a certain degree of symmetry between justice perception and injustice perception. On the other hand, when looking at the results by country, we found that there were considerable differences, from countries with low correlations (India: -.299, Thailand: -.344, Vietnam: -.405) to countries with high correlations (Taiwan: -.742, Australia: -.718, SouthK orea: -.639). In other words, it was suggested thatth e perception ofju stice or injustice regarding university and college entrance examinations varied from country to country, from countries where many people thoughtth atth e university and collegee ntrance examinations systemw as faira nd thatth e society was fairly selecting students, to countries where many people thought that the university and college entrance examinations systemw as unfaira nd thatth e society was unfairlys electings tudents, toc ountries where it could be saidt hatth e society was fairlys electings tudentsin s ome respectsb utw as thoughtto be slightly unfair in others. These differences inp erceptions ofju stice and injustice inu niversity and collegee ntrance examinations ine ach countryw ere also clear fromt he resultso fth e one-waya nalysiso fva riance usingt he mean difference comparison. In the case ofpe rceptions ofju stice, the topt hree countries int erms ofsc ale mean values were, fromt he top, China, Vietnam and Australia, and the bottomt hree countries int erms ofsc ale mean values were, fromt he bottom, SouthK orea, Japan and Taiwan. Conversely, int he case ofpe rceived injustice, the three countries with the lowest scale means (i.e. those perceived as justice) were China, Australia, and Vietnam, while the three countries with the highest scale means (perceived as injustice) were Thailand, South Korea, and India. In this results, it can be said that the countries with the highest perception of justice and the countries with the low estperception of injustice (China, Vietnam, Australia) maintainsy mmetry int heirp erceptions, and there is as trongtendency to think that theya re justice and not in justice (or vice versa). On the other hand, the top countries for injustice perception and the bottom countries for justice perception are completely different: the former includes Thailand, South Korea and India, while the latter includes South Korea, Japan and Taiwan. This is also reflected int he low correla

職務態度概念の多様化と課題

林洋一郎，今井

哲學 152, 59-103 2024

Interaction of Cognitive and Motivational Processes in Asymmetric Preferences for Gains and Losses

H Sasaki, Y Hayashi, T Ochi

Basic and Applied Social Psychology 46 (6), 446-455 (Informa UK Limited) 1 - 10 2024

ISSN 0197-3533

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制御適合メッセージは幼児のパフォーマンスを高めるか?

佐々木宏之，林洋一郎

日本教育心理学会総会発表論文集第 66 回総会発表論文集, 473 2024

Justice and Fairness for University and College Entrance Examination Scale (JFUCEE): Scale Development, Reliability and Validity

KIMURA Takuya, HAYASHI Yoichiro, JINNOUCHI Mirai, KAWASE Moka, TOKUNAGA Masanao, NISHIGORI Dai, NAKASEKO Takahiko, TATEWAKI Yosuke

大学院教育学研究紀要 (Faculty of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University) 25 1 - 26 2023.03

ISSN 13451677

The present study aims to develop the validated scale to assess Justice and Fairness for University Entrance Examinations. / There were 392 respondents from four universities of varying selectivity. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted, with the factor extraction method being the maximum likelihood method and the rotation method being Promax rotation. The number of factors was determined to be 3 with reference to statistical criteria such as parallel analysis, MAP criteria, and information criterion such as BIC and RMSEA. / Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients were calculated to examine internal consistency. The overall scale was α=.803, distributive justice was α=.808, procedural justice 1 (retrospectivity) was α=.733, and procedural justice 2 (consistency/accuracy) was α=.780. / Comprehensive Fairness and Justice of University and College Entrance Examination Scale, the School System Justification Scale, and the Trust in the University and College Admission System Scale, the alpha coefficients were calculated to be .918, .733, and .745, respectively. These results indicate that the internal consistency of the results is sufficient. The correlation matrix with them was checked, and it was confirmed that the criterion-related validity was sufficiently ensured. / The results of the Justice and Fairness for University Admission Examinations Scale (JFUCEE) suggest, first, that justice and fairness in university admission is multidimensional, with distributive justice being of greatest interest in university admission. Unlike fairness research in organizations, procedural justice could not be extracted as a single factor, but was separated into two factors, procedural justice 1 (retrospectivity) and procedural justice 2 (consistency/accuracy), which, together with distributive justice, formed a three-factor structure. The correlations between procedural justice factors were also low, at .197 and .242, respectively, suggesting that procedures such as feedback and objections and the consistency and accuracy of information and standards are regarded as two separate things in the selection process for university admissions. / Second, the distributional justice was higher for the non-general admission examination than for the general admission examination, indicating that the view of fairness in university entrance examinations is changing. / Third, with regard to procedural fairness 1 (retrospectivity), if a university focuses on it in a particular selection method, it can certainly be a means to improve the view of fairness of university entrance examinations. / Fourth, with regard to procedural fairness2 (consistency/accuracy), there is a possibility to improve the fairness of university entrance selection depending on the efforts of each university. / JFUCEE is expected to provide the empirical basis to push forward study about justice issues in University Entrance Examinations.

組織体犯罪はなぜ起きるかー媒介要因としての道徳的離脱ー

中川知宏，林洋一郎

北海道心理学研究 45, 61-61 2023

自己不一致知覚が社会的比較や態度に与える影響ー経験サンプリング法による分析ー

林洋一郎，岡谷陸，今井裕紀

北海道心理学研究 45, 46-46 2023

フォルガー= コノフスキー= クロパンツァーノ「業績評価におけるデュー・プロセス (法の適正手続き)」

林洋一郎

日本労働研究雑誌 65 (4), 42-45 2023

教師の自律性支援—統制とメッセージフレーミング

佐々木宏之，林洋一郎

日本心理学会大会発表論文集日本心理学会第 87 回大会, 3B-060-PP-3B-060-PP 2023

大学入学者選抜における公正観尺度（Justice and Fairness for University and College Entrance Examination Scale：JFUCEE）の作成と信頼性，及び，妥当性の検討

木村拓也, 林洋一郎, 西郡大, 中世古貴彦, 立脇洋介

九州大学大学院教育学研究紀要 25 1 - 26 2023

大学入学者選抜における公正観尺度 (Justice and Fairness for University and College Entrance Examination Scale: JFUCEE) の作成と信頼性, 及び, 妥当性の検討

木村拓也，林洋一郎，陣内未来，川瀬萌馨，徳永真直，西郡大， ...

九州大学大学院人間環境学研究院教育学部門 25, 1-26 2023

仮説検証型研究における仮説の形式—主効果, 調整, 媒介, 調整媒介についてのチュートリアル—

林洋一郎，内藤知加恵

産業・組織心理学研究 36 (2), 189-211 2023

The Form of a Hypothesis in Hypothesis Testing Research : A Tutorial on Main Effects, Moderation, Mediation, and Moderated Mediation

HAYASHI Yoichiro, NAITO Chikae

Japanese Association of Industrial/Organizational Psychology Journal (Japanese Association of Industrial/Organizational Psychology) 36 ( 2 ) 189 - 211 2023

ISSN 0917-0391

This article aims to clarify the common forms of hypotheses and explain how they are tested in industrial and organizational psychology, social psychology, and other disciplines. There are four types of testable hypotheses: main effect, moderation, mediation, and moderated mediation. Main effect hypotheses predict the relationship between two variables, for example, predictor X and outcome Y. Main effect provides a basis for the other three types of hypotheses. Moderation hypotheses focus on a variable, such as moderator W, which affects the association between two or more variables. Moderation hypotheses predict that the relationship between X and Y will change as a function of moderator W. Mediation hypotheses indicate the presence of an intervening variable, namely, mediator M that transmits the effect of X on Y. In other words, it is concerned with the indirect effect of X on Y through M. Finally, moderated mediation hypotheses refer to the notion that the indirect effect of X on Y through M is moderated by a fourth variable Z. These four types of hypotheses could be constructed from multi-level perspectives as well as a single-level perspective. Furthermore, how each type of hypothesis can be statistically tested is explained with reference to specific empirical studies. Finally, clarifying the form of the hypothesis will help reviewers and readers understand what researchers attempt to reveal. Such manuscripts can elicit a variety of comments from reviewers and readers, resulting in meaningful research publications.

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Effect of leaders' regulatory‐fit messages on followers' motivation

Y Hayashi, H Sasaki

Journal of Applied Social Psychology 52 (7), 496-510 (Wiley) 52 ( 7 ) 496 - 510 2022.07

ISSN 00219029

Abstract

The regulatory fit between regulatory focus and framing of leaders' messages to motivate their followers was examined in this study. Toward this end, an exploratory survey was conducted to develop messages germane to regulatory focus. These messages were employed in the following two experimental studies. Study 1 tested the regulatory‐fit hypotheses from the perspective of leaders, who selected positively or negatively framed messages for promotion‐ and prevention‐focused scenarios. The results revealed that leaders were more likely to choose positively framed messages when conveying promotion‐focused messages and negatively framed messages when conveying prevention‐focused messages. While leaders high in promotion focus and transformational leadership tended to choose positive framing, those high in prevention and authoritarian leadership were inclined to prefer negative framing. The effect of regulatory fit from followers' perspective was examined in Study 2 to determine whether regulatory‐fit messages increased followers' motivation. The results revealed that participants in the regulatory‐fit condition exhibited higher motivation only in the promotion and positive‐framing condition. The implications of the findings for regulatory‐fit theory and leadership research are discussed.