Details of a Researcher - Ikaga, Toshiharu

Papers - Ikaga, Toshiharu

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Overview of energy consumption and GHG mitigation technologies in the building sector of Japan

Shuzo Murakami, Mark D. Levine, Hiroshi Yoshino, Takashi Inoue, Toshiharu Ikaga, Yoshiyuki Shimoda, Shuichi Miura, Tomoki Sera, Masahiro Nishio, Yasuhiro Sakamoto, Wataru Fujisaki

Energy Efficiency (Energy Efficiency) 2 ( 2 ) 179 - 194 2009.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1570646X 15706478

This paper outlines the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission trends in the residential and commercial sectors in Japan. The results showed that the increase in residential energy consumption in Japan is mainly caused by the widespread use of heating equipment, hot water supply apparatus, and other household electrical appliances. On the other hand, it was indicated that the increase in commercial energy use is mainly due to the increase of the floor area of buildings, particularly hotels, hospitals, and department stores. The paper also describes political measures to promote energy conservation, including the building energy conservation standard, Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency, top runner programs, financial incentives, and the dissemination of the Cool Biz concept. Finally, the projections of CO2 emissions until 2050 are presented. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.

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Designing a system to apply an assessment method of buildings for all lifecycle stages based on the concept of eco-efficiency

Endo J., Murakami S., Ikaga T.

ASTM Special Technical Publication (ASTM Special Technical Publication) 1503 STP 63 - 73 2009

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 9780803145078

CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency) is an environmental labeling method for buildings, based on assessment of the environmental performance of buildings. In CASBEE, BEE (Building Environmental Efficiency) was developed as a new indicator for assessment following the concept of eco-efficiency. With the increasing BEE value, the total environmental performance of buildings is labeled from the highest performance. The framework of basic and extended CASBEE tools as a structured assessment system is called the "CASBEE family." CASBEE consists of a set of four basic assessment tools; namely, "CASBEE for Pre-design" (CASBEE-PD), "CASBEE for New Construction" (CASBEE-NC), "CASBEE for Existing Building" (CASBEE-EB), and "CASBEE for Renovation" (CASBEE-RN). These correspond to the individual stages of the building's lifecycle. There are also needs for detailed assessment targeting specific environmental aspects. "CASBEE-HI," as an extended tool, assesses efforts made in buildings to alleviate the heat island effect. A new tool called "CASBEE for Urban Development" (CASBEE-UD) is developed for assessment of a group of buildings. Some local authorities introduced CASBEE into their building administration as assessment methods for their sustainable building reporting systems. This requires building owners to submit a planning document assessing the environmental performance of their buildings to the authorities. In April 2004, the city of Nagoya introduced "CASBEE Nagoya." Introduction of CASBEE followed in the city of Osaka, Yokohama, Kyoto, and other municipals. These local systems require some modification in CASBEE to reflect their local characteristics, such as climate and prioritized policies. Copyright © 2008 by ASTM International.

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Study on sleeping environment using human physiological model

Takayanagi, E. and Ikaga, T. and Omori, T. and Kato, A.

9th International Conference and Exhibition - Healthy Buildings 2009, HB 2009 (9th International Conference and Exhibition - Healthy Buildings 2009, HB 2009) 2009

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Heat island phenomenon has significantly become worse in Tokyo metropolitan area in recent years. This leads to a drastic increase of patients with sleep disorder. The sleeping environments are much affected by the building performance and the ways occupants live in their houses. Interaction of human physiology and the thermal environment throughout the sleeping time makes it difficult to evaluate the sleeping environments. In this paper, we analyzed a sleeping environment by means of coupled simulations of the heat and airflow network model and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) incorporated with thermoregulation model. Results showed that the use of air conditioner being operated to adapt to human metabolism can be effective to lower the core temperature and lead to a good sleep.

Environmental performance evaluation of vernacular architectures through CASBEE

Shindo, K. and Ikaga, T. and Murakami, S. and Deguchi, K.

9th International Conference and Exhibition - Healthy Buildings 2009, HB 2009 (9th International Conference and Exhibition - Healthy Buildings 2009, HB 2009) 2009

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Vernacular architectures exhibit high environmental performance. In this study, we evaluate the environmental performance of vernacular architectures quantitatively and comprehensively through CASBEE in order to promote sustainable buildings. On the basis of this intention, we analyzed the indoor environment of vernacular architectures from the perspective of environmental engineering by taking on-site measurements and using CFD numerical analysis. In this study, we focused our attention on Water Housing in Malaysia. The result of evaluating the environmental performance through CASBEE was that Water Housing exhibited a high environmental performance when both the environmental load and quality were included. Water Housing is more comfortable than a local house above the land and it offers effective evaporative cooling as a result of using water and provides proper ventilation. The assessment introduced here demonstrates both the environmental performance of vernacular architectures from multiple perspectives and the efficiency of CASBEE as an environmental performance visualization tool.

Intelligent optimal control of thermal comfort using response surface method

Kato, A. and Ikaga, T. and Murakami, S. and Tsutsui, H. and Ueda, H.

9th International Conference and Exhibition - Healthy Buildings 2009, HB 2009 (9th International Conference and Exhibition - Healthy Buildings 2009, HB 2009) 2009

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Optimal control of HVAC system is required because of its considerable influence on workplace-productivity, health and global environment. In this study, we developed an optimal HVAC control system using Response Surface Method by Spline, which calculates optimal control conditions on the basis of cause-and-effect model of thermal comfort, outdoor environment and control parameters created by building's operational data. Experimental study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of developed method by applying it on optimization problem of thermal comfort in several zones. We concluded that our method is practicable and efficient to achieve multi-objective optimization control on HVAC system.

A comparative analysis of the unit energy consumption in the commercial sector

Hirano, Y. and Tonooka, Y. and Ikaga, T.

Journal of Environmental Engineering (Journal of Environmental Engineering) 73 ( 633 ) 1331 - 1339 2008

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 13480685 1881817X

This paper describes the results of a literature survey and comparative analysis of unit energy consumption data in the commercial sector. First, we collected 59 documents, including survey reports by administrative agencies, research papers by individual researchers, estimates based on existing surveys, and energy supply statistics. Then, we compared the data and clarified the consistency and variation. To determine the factors causing the variation, we used a dataset on completed buildings, compiled by the Japan Building Mechanical and Electrical Engineers Association.

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Development of life cycle impact assessment methods for the health damege by indoor air pollution: Study on health damage causes by indoor air pollution

Narita, N. and Murakami, S. and Ikaga, T. and Sakabe, K. and Itsubo, N.

Journal of Environmental Engineering (Journal of Environmental Engineering) 73 ( 627 ) 695 - 700 2008

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 13480685 1881817X

There are so many chemical substances around us today. On the other hand, new houses are significantly air tight by standards of energy saving policy and it is very difficult to exchange between indoor air and fresh outdoor air. As a result, indoor air quality becomes worse, and health concerns have been an increasing social problem. The studies for these problems have been developed in the several fields, such as Building Environmental Engineering, Medical Science and in other areas so on. However, to solve this problem fundamentally, the comprehensive and quantitative assessments from the generation of chemical substances to onset of symptoms are needed. In this study, the health damages by indoor air pollutants are evaluated comprehensively following the environmental assessment tool, LIME (Life-cycle Impact assessment Method based on Endpoint modeling) developed by Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Theoretically it is very difficult to evaluate sick-building syndromes, because these symptoms are extremely variable from person to person, and there has been no research in the world in these areas. Therefore, the data offered by a special hospital for sick-building syndromes are used with medical specialists in this study. A new assessment tools for indoor air pollutants is developed for the first time.

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Current Situation of Combined LCA and LCC Method of Buildings Used by National/ Local Governments and Private Companies

IKAGA Toshiharu

Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan (The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan) 4 ( 1 ) 19 - 26 2008

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 18802761

<p>The research on LCA method of buildings started in 1990 as an activity of the Architectural Institute of Japan, and it became LCA guideline of buildings. By using of this guideline, the cost effectiveness evaluation tool to mitigate climate change was developed and applied by the public building department, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport as a operation tool for Green government design guideline in 1998. A similar evaluation tool that suits each climate of various regions was developed and applied by local governments and private companies. As well as LCA, the comprehensive assessment system for building environmental efficiency named “CASBEE” was developed supported by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Since 2004, more than 1300 buildings have been assessed and ranked by national government, local governments and private companies using CASBEE tool, and in 2007, CASBEE was revised to contain simplified LCA method limited to LCCO<sub>2</sub> calculation for all kind of buildings such as detached houses and large-scale commercial buildings. This paper describes current situation on these projects of which the author has taken charge. </p>

OUTLINE OF CASBEE FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT (CASBEE-UD) CASBEE; Comprehensive assessment system for building environmental efficiency Part 5

Shuzo MURAKAMI, Nobuhaya YAMAGUCHI, Yasushi ASAMI, Toshiharu IKAGA, Shinichi KABURAGI, Akira MATSUKUMA, Tomohiro UCHIIKE, Takashi HASHIMOTO

AIJ Journal of Technology and Design (Architectural Institute of Japan) 13 ( 25 ) 191 - 196 2007.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1341-9463

Report on the Third Joint Workshop of ILCAJ and JLCA: LCA of Urban and Infrastructure System

IKAGA Toshiharu, MATSUMOTO Toru

Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan (The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan) 3 ( 3 ) 187 - 191 2007

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 18802761

A study on a porous residential building model in hot and humid regions part 2 - reducing the cooling load by component-scale voids and the CO2 emission reduction effect of the building model

T Hirano, S Kato, S Murakami, T Ikaga, Y Shiraishi, H Uehara

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD) 41 ( 1 ) 33 - 44 2006.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0360-1323

The purpose of this paper is to show the effectiveness of porous residential buildings in hot and humid regions in the light of cooling load and CO2 emission reductions. Thermal and Airflow Network analysis and LCA analysis are used for these simulations. Two scales of voids, namely building-scale voids and component-scale voids are considered. In the previous paper (Hirano et at. Building and Environment, forthcoming), it was revealed that building-scale voids are substantially effective in terms of reducing the cooling load. This paper firstly focuses on the cooling load reduction effects of component-scale voids, then moves on to the CO2 emission reduction effects of both component- and building-scale voids. Additionally, other environmentally friendly techniques are examined in order to assess the feasibility of the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) charter, which sets the target that new buildings should extend their service life up to 100 years as well as reduce Life-Cycle CO2 (LCCO2) emission by 30%. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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A study on a porous residential building model in hot and humid regions: Part 1 - the natural ventilation performance and the cooling load reduction effect of the building model

T Hirano, S Kato, S Murakami, T Ikaga, Y Shiraishi

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD) 41 ( 1 ) 21 - 32 2006.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0360-1323

This study targets environmental load reduction in hot and humid regions. It reveals the effects that porous residential buildings have on the natural ventilation performance and, consequently, the cooling load reduction. Two residential building models, namely a model with a void ratio of 0% and a model with a void ratio of 50%, are evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and thermal and airflow network analysis. The analysis on components of the heat load indicates that improvements in the natural ventilation performance would significantly reduce the cooling load. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Report on the First Joint Workshop of ILCAJ and JLCA

IKAGA Toshiharu, AOE Taeko

Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan (The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan) 2 ( 2 ) 195 - 198 2006

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 18802761

Evaluation on Electrical System of Building Based on Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency

伊香賀俊治

The Journal of the Institute of Electrical Installation Engineers of Japan (The Institute of Electrical Installation Engineers of Japan) 26 ( 12 ) 883 - 886 2006

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 09100350

LCCO_2 ASSESSMENT ON THERMAL INSULATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS INCLUDING FLUOROCARBON LEAKAGE : Study on reduction of greenhouse gas from houses by thermal insulation

MIZUISHI Tadashi, MURAKAMI Shuzo, IKAGA Toshiharu

Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) (Architectural Institute of Japan) 69 ( 579 ) 89 - 96 2004

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 13480685

The first purpose of this study is to simulate the emission of life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) including fluorocarbon leakage from thermal insulation of houses and comprehensively evaluate both the reduction of C0_2 emission by heating and cooling and the rise of GHG emission by fluorocarbon leakage. The results of the simulation are as follows; 1) Life cycle CO_2 emission by heating and cooling of 1999 standard is reduced by 50% than that of 1980 standard. 2) However, GHG emission including fluorocarbon leakage rises in some cases. The second purpose of this study is to forecast GHG emission by heating and cooling, manufacture of building materials and fluorocarbon leakage from all houses in Japan up to 2012. The results are as follows; 3) If the current situation continues, CO_2 emission by heating and cooling for the period 2008-2012 will rise by 9.9% compared to 1990 levels. 4) If thermal insulation of new housing is improved as rapidly as possible by 2010, it will rise by 9.1%, but however, GHG emission including fluorocarbon leakage will rise by 18.7%. 5) On the other hand, if measures for fluorocarbon leakage are taken, it could be reduced by 0.6%. 6) In addition to these measures, if thermal insulation of existing residential buildings is implemented, it could be reduced by 3.1%.

STUDY ON NON-ENERGY BENEFITS (NEB) BY AREA-WIDE ENERGY UTILIZATION

Ryota KUZUKI, Toshiharu IKAGA, Shuzo MURAKAMI

Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) (Architectural Institute of Japan) 75 ( 653 ) 645 - 652 2002.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1348-0685

In the building field, for the purpose of further energy saving and lower carbon intensity, area-wide energy utilization is expected to play an important role in Japan. But such projects require agreement among stakeholders belonging to the area, which is one of the major hurdles of the realization. This paper describes the promotion measures to motivate agreement among stakeholders as below; 1. Indicating the further improvement of the cost-benefit ratio (B/C) to be shared among stakeholders in consideration of a variety of non-energy benefit (NEB) 2. Identifying B/C for each stakeholder in consideration of the revert of each cost and benefit belonging to some specific stakeholders 3. Expression of the risk caused by the uncertainty of cost and benefit estimation in the early planning phases of projects, and seeking proper allocation of cost and benefit, depending on the difference of the risk preference among stakeholders The effectiveness of the concept above is verified through a case study based on an actual project.

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PROPOSAL TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS

Sub Committee on Sustainable Buildings

AIJ journal of technology and design (Architectural Institute of Japan) 116 ( 1474 ) 163 - 168 2001.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1341-9463

CiNii Research

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