論文 - 西　宏章

Hardware accelerator for data anonymization using dynamic partial reconfiguration

Sota Sawaguchi, Hiroaki Nishi

2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications, SmartGridComm 2016 （IEEE）     98 - 103 2016年12月

査読有り,  ISSN  2373-6836

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© 2016 IEEE. Smart City is a promising infrastructure for our near future community systems. It is predicted that more and more sensor devices and computing resources will be deployed in access networks because of the Internet of Things (IoT). This movement can create a wide variety of new applications with different requirements of delay, privacy and locality. Smart community dictates less than 10ms communication as a control interval in order not to disturb the lifeline systems, such as power supply. As such, future devices should have the following attributes: low-power, low-latency, and flexibility for various applications. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware, low-latency, and flexible local device, such as gateway or coordinator, which integrates an SoC FPGA with dynamic partial reconfiguration (DPR) feature to grapple with data anonymization. The data anonymization is important to protect private information in smart community because domestic human activities can be, for example, estimated by exploiting electric power consumption data, which is known as nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM). However, anonymization operations usually require processing cost at the order of O(n2) where n denotes the number of data in a privacy processing window. In case of encapsulating privacy information in a local network, privacy preserving computation should be achieved in a local device. Hence, we have implemented four primitive operations using DPR for various anonymization purposes. The proposed system achieves 18-328 times better performance and 10-200 times lower power consumption in every primitive anonymization method than Raspberry Pi 2 Model B.

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Introducing a Distance Vector Routing Protocol for ns-3 Simulator

Janaka Wijekoon, Rajitha Tennekoon, Erwin Harahap, and NISHI HIROAKI

Journal of EAI Endorsed Transactions on Mobile Communications and Applications （EAI）  2   79 - 87 2016年11月

共著,  ISSN  2032-9504

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Copyright © 2015 ICST. In network research, network simulators have been shown to be useful for testing and changing network protocols by means of a controlled manner. As an Internet systems simulator, ns-3 simulator provides an ideal simulation environment for network research. However, ns-3 is lack of table-driven IPv4 routing modules. Despite the fact that a routing protocol is a mandatory component of a network, it is necessary to introduce a table-driven routing protocol for the ns-3 which is able to maintain the network connectivity and consistency. To this end, we introduce a distance vector IPv4 wired routing protocol for the ns-3 simulator (DVRP). The proposing protocol is developed as a table-driven wired routing protocol. In this study, we describe the proposing routing protocol, including its design, implementation, behavior on networks, and limitations.

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Line replacement algorithm for L1-scale packet processing cache

Hayato Yamaki, Hiroaki Nishi

ACM International Conference Proceeding Series （ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY）  28-November-2016   12 - 17 2016年11月

査読有り

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© 2016 ACM. It will become a serious problem to increase power consumption of routers resulting from explosive increase of network traffics caused by IoT data, big data, and so on. Table lookups in packet processing are known as a bottleneck of the router from the points of both processing performance and power consumption. Packet Processing Cache (PPC), which accelerates the table lookups and reduces the power consumption of them by using cache mechanism, was proposed. However, it is difficult for PPC to obtain high cache hit rate because the size of PPC should be small, such as a L1 cache of processors, to get higher access speed. For this reason, an effective line replacement algorithm was considered in this study for reducing a cache miss without increasing the cache size. First, defects of applying typical line replacement algorithms to PPC were examined. Secondly, two algorithms, LRU Insertion Policy (LIP) and Elevator Cache (ELC), and improved algorithms of LIP and ELC called LIP1, LIP2, ELC1, and ELC2 were considered for improving the above defects. In simulation, it was shown Elevator Cache could reduce the cache miss by at most 17.4% compared with Least Recently Used, which applied to many cache systems.

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Sparse-coding-based household clustering for demand response services

Shintaro Ikeda, Hiroaki Nishi

IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics （IEEE）  2016-November   744 - 749 2016年11月

ISSN  2163-5137

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© 2016 IEEE. For the development of a smart grid, smart meter is a key device to measure the electric power usage of network-connected houses. Smart meters are currently being installed into households, and play the important role for providing a demand response service. A demand response is a necessary service in order to adjust supply-demand balancing because the balance is kept by the cost in the electricity market. Therefore, the customers of the electricity supply companies are expected to be optimally assigned as a group. In this paper, we separate a set of households into clusters as optimally assigned customers. When conducting the clustering, the utilization of unsupervised learning using data from a smart meter is required. In this study, we propose a method of household clustering for a demand response event by sparse coding, which is a type of neural network. The proposed method generates a power consumption model of each household, finds simple relationship distances between households, and conducts hierarchical clustering based on these distances. In addition, to extract the characteristics of fluctuating load usage, we conduct data normalization that cuts off at a fixed load usage of each household. To confirm the effect of the proposed clustering method, the usage tendency of household air conditioning (A/C) units was evaluated.

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Estimation of Required EVs Battery Capacity for Leveling Demand Energy Considering Parking Durations

Tomoya Imanishi and NISHI HIROAKI

International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research, Online First Articles, Springer （Springer）  15 （ 3 ） 155 - 165 2016年07月

査読有り,  ISSN  1348-8503

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Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is a key technology that is receiving significant attention as a method for achieving an efficient energy management system (EMS) by connecting electric vehicles (EVs) to an electric power grid. In this study, a fuzzy control method and an optimization control method were proposed as effective control methods for reducing the installation battery capacity and the electric charge in one day by leveling the electric load. As the result, the required battery capacity was 429 kWh for IEVBS model, and 480 kWh for MEVBS model using optimization control method. The control method could save at most $17.98 of an electric bill and achieve power leveling.

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High-speed decompression architecture of compressed HTTP streams for the internet routers

Hironori Okano, Hayato Yamaki, Hiroaki Nishi

2016 International Conference on FPGA Reconfiguration for General-Purpose Computing, FPGA4GPC 2016 （IEEE）     31 - 36 2016年07月

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© 2016 IEEE. In recent years, studies of DPI have been carried out actively. HTTP packets, which are a kind of DPI target, include GZIP compressed packets, and multi-streamed GZIP compressed HTTP cannot be analyzed directly on routers. Moreover, wire-rate processing is required to achieve on-router analysis. In this paper, HTTP decompressing architecture on routers supporting 40Gbps network is considered, and three mechanisms, which are parallelized architecture, cache architecture and piggy-back method, were proposed for achieving higher throughput. Hardware cost simulations by using Verilog HDL confirms it can achieve 10Gbps throughput at low circuit costs.

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The IOT mediated built environment: A brief survey

Jan Haase, Mahmoud Alahmad, Hiroaki Nishi, Joern Ploennigs, Kim Fung Tsang

IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN) （IEEE）  0   1065 - 1068 2016年07月

ISSN  1935-4576

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© 2016 IEEE. The internet of things (IOT) continues to transform the world, and in many countries is now an integral part of our everyday lives-influencing everything from the way that we intercommunicate to how we conduct business. Innovators continue to find ways to integrate IOT into uses as far flung as fashion to medicine. This survey looks at how IOT is currently being integrated into the built environment for the purpose of saving energy and improving occupants' livelihoods. In particular, it reviews three technologies that have received a lot of attention in the literature as the future of an IOT mediated built environment. Based on this literature, predictions are made of the likely trends in regards to the future scholarship on these technologies.

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ECORS: Energy consumption-oriented route selection for wireless sensor network

Tadanori Matsui, Hiroaki Nishi

IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN) （IEEE）  0   1044 - 1049 2016年07月

査読有り,  ISSN  1935-4576

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© 2016 IEEE. Automated metering infrastructure is employed widely in scientific fields as well as in industrial and commercial areas due to the development of wireless sensor network (WSN) technology. WSNs provide important features such as wireless multi-hop communication and they are easy to install everywhere; thus, extending the lifetime of WSNs is highly desirable. All WSN nodes consume a limited amount of energy from the battery during operations such as sensing, calculating, control, and communication and most of the power consumption is attributable to wireless communication. In this study, we propose energy consumption-oriented route selection (ECORS), which is a route selection algorithm that focuses on the remaining energy and energy consumption by WSN nodes. In ECORS, a sink node calculates all of the routes in the system by using the route lifetime (RL) as a metric according to the minimum residual energy (MRE) and the expected route cost (ERC). The route with the longest RL is selected by the proposed algorithm. By changing the route periodically using ECORS, the WSN system lasts 1.14 times longer as compared to that when the routes are fixed. We evaluated the performance of ECORS using an original WSN simulator. In realistic simulations, we measured the distance-packet error rate, current consumption, and discharge characteristic of a battery using actual sensor nodes assembled with an Arduino micro controller, XBee ZigBee wireless module, and lithium-polymer battery.

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Effective communicating optimization for V2G with electric bus

Toshichika Shiobara, Guillaume Habault, Jean Marie Bonnin, Hiroaki Nishi

IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN) （IEEE）  0   992 - 997 2016年07月

ISSN  1935-4576

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© 2016 IEEE. The number of connected devices - also known as Internet of Things (IoT) - is exponentially increasing. Such sensors and devices also appear in transportation systems giving some intelligence to roads, equipment and vehicles. Nowadays, it is possible to communicate with the environment in order to have better everyday services. Furthermore, the number of registered - public or private - Electric Vehicle (EVs) is continuously increasing. These vehicles, equipped with large battery, need to be charged and so, have a significant impact on power grids. However, these EVs can also be seen as energy sources. It is therefore important to be able to plan both the charge and discharge of EVs. Including these vehicles into Vehicle-to-Grid technology is a way to efficiently manage such pools of batteries. But, as a consequence, grid requires to have almost real-time data on these vehicles and especially their battery status. This paper studies an optimized data aggregation method for a fleet of electric buses. Each bus provides different type of information with different priority level. The efficiency of the studied method was evaluated with a simulation platform developed with ns-3. Simulation results - based on real route and bus stop positions - show that an optimal buffer size has been found to both satisfy transmission delays and optimize communications.

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Prototype Implementation of Fast and Secure Traceability Service over Public Networks

R. Tennekoon, J. Wijekoon, E. Harahap and NISHI HIROAKI

IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering （WILEY）  11 （ S1 ） S122 - S133 2016年06月

査読有り,  ISSN  1931-4973

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© 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Internet communication message protocol (ICMP)-based traceability methods are widely used to trace packets over the Internet; however, in their attacks, adversaries likewise use ICMP packets. Furthermore, the lack of security in ICMP-based traceability results in failures for many current traceability methods. Moreover, current routers are unable to provide extended services to Internet users and applications. To address this need, our laboratory has introduced the service-oriented router (SoR). SoR is middleware that can be implemented on a Cisco AXP and Juniper JunosV App Engine. In this paper, we propose a secure method of providing packet traceability over public networks using SoR features. We implemented a secure packet traceability service prototype on the ns-3 simulator. The test results conclude that there is a maximum additional cost of 48.69 and 123.91 μs of processing overhead per packet in each hop when the proposed secured traceability service is used with a 128-bit key space in AES-GCM and AES-CTR modes, respectively. Moreover, for 256-bit key spaces, AES-GCM and AES-CTR modes consumed additional 47.18 and 123.25 μs, respectively, over the plain traceability. Yet, from the evaluations on the test bed topology, it clearly shown that the proposed method was 79% faster than the conventional trace route method in providing the secured end-to-end traceability. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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How can a Service-oriented Router Merge with a CDN?

Janaka L. Wijekoon, Erwin H. Harahap, Rajitha L. Tennekoon and NISHI HIROAKI

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems (C) （IEEJ）  136 （ 8 ） 1172 - 1179 2016年06月

査読有り,  ISSN  0385-4221

　概要を見る

© 2016 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. A large fraction of the Internet traffic is organized by the Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). CDNs redirect endusers to an appropriate server using Domain Name Servers (DNSs). Meanwhile, in future networks, it is anticipated that network routers will be equipped with more processing power and storage modules for providing most effective end-user services. From this viewpoint, a Service-oriented Router (SoR) is introduced to accelerate content-based services. This paper presents a novel method, DNS and SoR Collaborative Redirection (DSCR), to accelerate the end-user redirection. DSCR uses SoRs to collect and store network and server state information by placing SoRs at edges of the ISP network. The collected information is then used by the DSCR to leverage the DNS-based end-user redirection. We present the design and a prototype implementation of DSCR and, show how both SoR and DNS jointly can take advantage of existing Internet architecture to accelerate end-user redirection. We used a detailed simulation to evaluate the proposed method using various strategies. Simulations clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the collaborative method, which yields 5-10% reduction in end-user latency when compared with DNS-based redirection.

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Implementation of Household’s Amenity Maintaining System Based on Behavior Estimation

Shoki Kawano, Tomoya Imanishi, Yasushi Ikedab, Hiroaki Nishi, Eiko Uchiyama

Procedia Environmental Science, Vol.34, pp.582-593, Improving Susteinability Concept in Developing Countries, ELSEVIER ScienceDirect （ELSEVIER ScienceDirect）  34   582 - 593 2016年04月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り,  ISSN  1878-0296

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Research of residential EMS (Energy Management System) is mainly being promoted with a focus on energy saving initially. After that, it began to focus strikes the balance between the indoor comforts of the occupants and energy saving. Moreover, the control object is diversified in the home, there is a need for more detailed parameters of individuals to satisfy the comfort of the individual. This paper presents a novel method to estimate behaviours of the resident in a house. Also, it is to provide a comfortable environment at the same time energy saving by using the estimation results. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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A web platform for community-based adaptation decision

Yingjiu Bai, Ikuyo Kaneko, Hiroaki Nishi, Hidetaka Sasaki, Akihiko Murata, Kazuo Kurihara and Izuru Takayabu

The International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses （The Climate Change: Impacts & Responses Knowledge Community）  8 （ 2 ） 33 - 51 2016年01月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

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Implement domain name system (DNS) on network simulator-3: Implement RFC 1035 on ns-3

Janaka Wijekoon, Hiroaki Nishi

Proceedings of the 9th EAI International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, SIMUTools 2016 （ACM）     56 - 65 2016年

　概要を見る

Copyright © 2016 EAI. This paper proposes to implement a domain name system (DNS) module to network simulator-3 (ns-3). The ns-3 is one of the well-known Internet simulators that provides the ideal simulation environment for network research. Despite its advantages, the ns-3 is not yet possesses a module to simulate DNS, which is an essential module required for Internet-oriented simulations. To this end, this paper implements a DNS module for ns-3 according to the design notes provided in RFC 1035. Moreover, this paper presents the implementation notes of the proposed ns-3 DNS module including its class structures, protocol message structures, name server application development, and host-to-IP resolver development. The proposed ns-3 DNS module is evaluated in terms of host-to-IP mapping, recursive DNS resolution, DNS cache management, and internationalized domain name support.

Panel Discussions "Computing and Communication Evolution for IoT Innovations"

Hiroaki Nishi, Jiang Xu, Luca Benini, Michael McCool, Toshitsugu Sakamoto, Shingo Fujimoto

2016 IEEE SYMPOSIUM IN LOW-POWER AND HIGH-SPEED CHIPS (COOL CHIPS XIX) （IEEE）     1 - 2 2016年

ISSN  2473-4683

　概要を見る

"Internet of Things" connects everything to provide new services. These new services confront severe requirements represented by the fact that systems handle the real world. Moreover, ubiquitous IoT devices generate a tremendous amount of data. This data concentration also makes it difficult to accomplish the requirements. Thus, future computing and communication systems have to face this difficulty. Now, computing and communication evolution is truly desired. This panel session discusses what kinds of computing and communication evolution are desired and expected and how to achieve them.

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Hyperthermic effects of hand bathing: benefits of incorporating finger flexion-extension exercise

Tadasu Ohshige, Akihiko Ohwatashi, Ryoji Kiyama, Hiroaki Nishi, Akihisa Takamori

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY SCIENCE （SOC PHYSICAL THERAPY SCIENCE）  27 （ 12 ） 3779 - 3782 2015年12月

ISSN  0915-5287

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[Purpose] The purpose of our study was to compare the effects of hand bathing using plain water and water supplemented with inorganic salt and carbonated gas and to assess the hyperthermic effects of performing finger flexion-extension exercise while bathing in water with carbonated gas and inorganic salt and without water. [Subjects and Methods] Sixteen healthy, young males were subjected to plain water bathing, CO2 bathing, kineto-CO2 bathing, or no bathing. CO2 bathing involved bathing in a solution of artificial bath additives including inorganic salts and carbon dioxide. Partial bathing of the hand was implemented for 20 minutes at 41 degrees C. The concentration of carbonic gas was set at 33 ppm. In the kineto-CO2 bathing condition, finger flexion-extension exercise was performed at 60 laps per minute in the same solution used in CO2 bathing. The control group engaged in the same exercise as those in the kineto-CO2 bathing group, but without bathing. [Results] A significant increase in deep-body temperature was observed in the CO2 bathing and kineto-CO2 bathing conditions compared with both the plain water bathing and control condition. [Conclusion] Significantly heightened hyperthermic effects were observed when finger flexion-extension exercise was performed during CO2 bathing.

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SLRouting: Server link router state routing protocol design and implementation

Janaka L. Wijekoon, Hiroaki Nishi

Asian Internet Engineering Conference, AINTEC 2015 （Association for Computing Machinery, Inc）     1 - 8 2015年11月

査読有り

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© 2015 ACM. Packet propagation delay reduction is becoming the primary concern of the Internet. Internet service providers (ISPs) attempt to optimize packet routing to offer the best route to their subscribers by achieving desired network performance. Consequently, a route computation metric that uses packet propagation delay instead of link state will be a strong incentive for ISP routing optimization, in which case ISPs could ensure minimal delay route paths for their subscribers. To this end, we present SLRouting, a novel Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. SLRouting calculates a composite route metric using packet waiting delays of servers and routers as well as the packet propagation delay of network links. SLRouting computes the route matrix by selecting the minimal delay path for destination networks. This paper presents the first version of the SLRouting including its theory, design, and implementation notes. A prototype of the proposed protocol is implemented using the ns-3 simulator, and the results were used to evaluate the proposed protocol.

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HVAC energy saving: considering individual thermal comfort

Mio Fukuta and Hiroaki Nishi

IFHE DIGEST 2016 （IFHE）  J98-B （ 10 ） 27 - 29 2015年10月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り,  ISSN  2401-3912

インターネットルータにおけるHTTP圧縮ストリームの高速展開処理機構の提案

八巻　隼人, 中村　優一, 高際　兼一, 松井　加奈絵, 西　宏章

電子情報通信学会論文誌 （電子情報通信学会）  J98-B （ 10 ） 1104 - 1114 2015年10月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Time Synchronization Technique Using EPON for Next-Generation Power Grids

Yuichi Nakamura, Andy Harvath and Hiroaki Nishi

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications （IEICE）  E99-B （ 4 ） 859 - 866 2015年10月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り,  ISSN  0916-8516

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Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers. Changing attitudes toward energy security and energy conservation have led to the introduction of distributed power systems such as photovoltaic, gas-cogeneration, biomass, water, and wind power generators. The mass installation of distributed energy generators often causes instability in the voltage and frequency of the power grid. Moreover, the power quality of distributed power grids can become degraded when system faults or the activation of highly loaded machines cause rapid changes in power load. To avoid such problems and maintain an acceptable power quality, it is important to detect the source of these rapid changes. To address these issues, next-generation power grids that can detect the fault location have been proposed. Fault location demands accurate time synchronization. Conventional techniques use the Global Positioning System (GPS) and/or IEEE 1588v2 for time synchronization. However, both methods have drawbacks-GPS cannot be used in indoor situations, and the installation cost of IEEE 1588v2 devices is high. In this paper, a time synchronization technique using the broadcast function of an Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) system is proposed. Experiments show that the proposed technique is low-cost and useful for smart grid applications that use time synchronization in EPON-based next-generation power grids.

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