研究者詳細 - 横森　剛

論文 - 横森　剛

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Ignition Experiments by Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Discharges in Intense Turbulence for Super Lean Burn at Engine Condition

Uesugi K., Morii Y., Mukoyama T., Tezuka T., Hasegawa S., Nakamura H., Takana H., Maruta K., Yokomori T., Iida N.

SAE Technical Papers （SAE Technical Papers）（ December ） 2019年12月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

© 2019 SAE Japan and SAE International. Ignition by Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Discharges (NRPD) at EXponential Increase of Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE-EXI) region under super lean SI engine conditions was studied. Fundamental experiments were conducted with a turbulent ignition test chamber with twin counter-rotating fans. The MIE-EXI region by arc discharge appeared over 6500 rpm of fan speed. In the MIE-EXI region (7000 rpm), successful ignition was achieved by establishing coupled ignition kernels with NRPD at 15 kHz although ignition was unsuccessful at 1 kHz. Results show that ignition by NRPD has potential advantages for lean burn applications. Preliminary engine test results with NRPD were also demonstrated.

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Research of Fuel Components to Expand lean-limit in Super lean-burn condition

Naiki T., Obata K., Watanabe M., Yokomori T., Iida N.

SAE Technical Papers （SAE Technical Papers）（ December ） 2019年12月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

© 2019 SAE Japan and SAE International. The thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines can be improved dramatically with the right combination of engine technology and fuel technology. Super lean-burn technology is attracting attention as a means of boosting thermal efficiency. However, there is a limit to how lean a fuel-air mixture can be before combustion becomes unstable or misfire occurs. The authors evaluated the effects of various chemical compositions on the lean limit under super lean-burn conditions. By changing the composition of the fuel, it was possible to achieve excess air ratios of over 2.0, resulting in high thermal efficiency.

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Influence of ethanol blending on knocking in a lean burn SI engine

Kaneko K., Yasutake Y., Yokomori T., Iida N.

SAE Technical Papers （SAE Technical Papers）（ December ） 2019年12月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

© 2019 SAE Japan and SAE International. Lean burn is one method for improving thermal efficiency in spark ignition (SI) engines. Suppression of knocking provides higher thermal efficiency, and ethanol blending is considered an effective way to suppress knocking due to its high octane and high latent heat of evaporation. We investigate the effect of ethanol blending on knocking in an SI engine under lean operating conditions. The Livengood-Wu (LW) integral was performed based on ignition delay duration estimated from a zero-dimensional detailed chemical reaction calculation with pressure and temperature histories. Knocking was suppressed and thermal efficiency increased with ethanol-gasoline blending fuel, even at 0.5 equivalence ratio. Decrease in unburned gas temperature by latent heat of evaporation had a comparable influence on knocking suppression, which was supported by LW integral analysis.

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同軸型薄膜温度センサを用いた内燃機関の燃焼室壁面における熱流束解析手法及び精度に関する研究

石井大二郎, 三原雄司, 横森剛

日本機械学会論文集（日本機械学会） 85 （ 879 ） 19-00262 - 00262-19-00262 2019年11月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 2187-9761

In order to improve thermal efficiency of automobile engine, it is necessary to reduce the cooling loss. A method for analyzing local cooling loss (heat flux) using coaxial type thin film temperature sensor has been developed. Recently, results of heat flux analysis using the sensor composed of thermocouple materials standardized based on ANSI and JIS have been reported, but structure and measurement accuracy of its sensor are not clear enough. In this study, the measurement accuracy of sensor A composed of K type materials and sensor B whose body is combustion chamber material (aluminum alloy) was compared using numerical analysis (two-dimensional coordinate heat conduction equation when the sensor is embedded in combustion chamber). As a result, it was important to use same material as combustion chamber for sensor body to measure wall surface instantaneous temperature with high accuracy. Additionally, results of one-dimensional (axial direction) heat flux analysis when the material of the combustion chamber and the material of the sensor body are different had error, it was considered to effect of heat flow (temperature difference) in radial direction due to different thermal conductivity. Therefore, it was confirmed that newly proposed two-dimensional heat flux analysis method using temperature distribution in axial and radial direction can analyze more accurately than one-dimension. These numerical analysis results showed same tendency as measured verifications results.

Influence of spark discharge characteristics on ignition and combustion process and the lean operation limit in a spark ignition engine

Tsuboi S., Miyokawa S., Matsuda M., Yokomori T., Iida N.

Applied Energy （Applied Energy） 250 617 - 632 2019年09月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 03062619

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd Lean combustion technologies have been investigated to decrease the heat loss of spark ignition engines. However, as the excess air ratio approaches the lean operation limit, the cycle-to-cycle variation of combustion becomes an obstacle to improving thermal efficiency. This paper discusses the influences of spark discharge characteristics, such as discharge current and spark-shortening phenomena, on the ignition and combustion process under lean conditions (excess air ratio (λ) of 1.8–2.3) to suppress the cycle-to-cycle variation of combustion and extend the lean operation limit. In this study, a customized inductive ignition system equipped with 20 conventional ignition coils was applied to enhance the ignition energy. The discharge interval between each coil unit was controlled to change the discharge current and duration. The results show that the in-cylinder discharged energy increased with the discharge interval. The cycle-to-cycle variation of combustion was minimized when the discharge interval was 0.4 ms, and consequently, the lean operation limit was extended to an excess air ratio (λ) of 2.1. The discharge waveforms indicated that the longer discharge interval could promote spark-shortening phenomena such as re-strike due to the lower discharge current. Finally, in-cylinder photographs of ignition and combustion process showed that the flame kernel formation could be promoted by the repetition of spark-shortening phenomena such as re-strike, as well as by the high elongation of the spark channel.

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Effect of simultaneous velocity and equivalence ratio oscillations on a laminar premixed stagnating flame

Niwa Y., Okamoto M., Yokomori T., Ueda T.

Experiments in Fluids （Experiments in Fluids） 60 （ 7 ） 2019年07月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 07234864

© 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Abstract: The dynamics of a laminar premixed stagnating flame subjected to simultaneous velocity and equivalence ratio oscillations are investigated experimentally. A flame of premixed methane and air is formed in a wall-stagnating flow. The oscillations of velocity and equivalence ratio are imposed independently by two sets of dual cylinder–piston oscillators. To impose the equivalence ratio oscillation, methane/air mixtures with equivalence ratios of ϕ= 1.0 and 0.4 are supplied to different cylinder–piston units. The pistons move in anti-phase and create a sinusoidal equivalence ratio oscillation while keeping the volume flow rate constant. To impose the velocity oscillation, a mixture with ϕ= 0.7 is supplied to the single unit of another oscillator. The phase difference between the two oscillations is set by changing the relative position of the pulley teeth of the two oscillators. The oscillator frequency is varied between 2 and 20 Hz, meaning that the oscillation wavelengths are much longer than the flame thickness. When frequencies of the velocity and equivalence ratio fluctuations are in a quasi-steady state condition, the flame motion is affected independently by velocity oscillation and equivalence ratio oscillation and the linear-superposition assumption can be applied. When the velocity and equivalence ratio oscillation frequencies are increased and exceed the transition frequency from the quasi-steady state to unsteady state, the flame motion gradually deviates from linear-superposition assumption. This is due to the variations in the unsteady molecular diffusion and the back-support effect.

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Applicability of Dy-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Dy) in phosphor thermometry at different oxygen concentrations

Ishiwada N., Tsuchiya K., Yokomori T.

Journal of Luminescence （Journal of Luminescence） 208 82 - 88 2019年04月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 00222313

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Phosphor thermometry is a method used to measure temperature based on the temperature-dependent phosphorescence of phosphors and elucidate heat transfer phenomena, such as high-temperature gas flow. Although various rare earth-doped thermographic phosphors are in use, the effect of oxygen concentration on their phosphorescence has not been sufficiently explored. We explore herein the applicability of Dy-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Dy), a well-known rare earth-doped phosphor with temperature sensitivity above 1000 K, in phosphor thermometry at different oxygen concentrations. A third-harmonic Nd: YAG laser excited the sample. Phosphorescence was measured using a photomultiplier tube for lifetime detection. A spectrometer was used to detect the intensity ratio between two emission lines. The chamber was filled with a nitrogen–oxygen mixture with a controlled concentration. The phosphorescence intensity ratio depended on temperature over a wide temperature range and varied with the oxygen concentration, especially above 1000 K. The YAG:Dy lifetimes could be detected over the entire temperature range and remained constant up to 1000 K. In addition, the lifetimes decreased with the increasing oxygen concentration, especially above 1000 K, confirming the oxygen quenching effect. Consequently, YAG:Dy is confirmed to be sensitive to oxygen concentration for determining the intensity ratio and lifetime, especially above 1000 K.

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A Cycle-to-Cycle Variation Extraction Method for Flow Field Analysis in SI IC Engines Based on Turbulence Scales

Matsuda M., Yokomori T., Minamoto Y., Shimura M., Tanahashi M., Iida N.

SAE Technical Papers （SAE Technical Papers） 2019-January （ January ） 2019年01月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

© 2019 SAE International. All Rights Reserved. To adhere to stringent environmental regulations, SI (spark ignition) engines are required to achieve higher thermal efficiency. In recent years, EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) systems and lean-burn operation has been recognized as key technologies. Under such operating conditions, reducing CCV (cycle-to-cycle variation) in combustion is critical to the enhancement of overall engine performance. Flow-field CCV is one of the considerable factors affecting combustion in engines. Conventionally, in research on flow fields in SI engines, the ensemble average is used to separate the measured velocity field into a mean component and a fluctuation component, the latter of which contains a CCV component and a turbulent component. To extract the CCV of the flow field, previous studies employed spatial filter, temporal filter, and POD (proper orthogonal decomposition) methods. Those studies used a constant- separation filter size for the whole crank angle, although the turbulence scales change rapidly during the intake and compression stroke processes. Hence the definition of filter size has some room to be explored in order to take account of these features. The objective of this research is to improve the method of separating the CCV component using turbulence scales. For this purpose, high-speed PIV measurement was conducted on the symmetrical vertical plane for an optical IC engine at repetition rates of 12 kHz (1 C.A. deg. resolution) for the whole in-cylinder area and 48 kHz (0.25 C.A. deg. resolution) for the plug position. The measured data were separated into CCV and turbulent components by using the proposed filter, whose size was selected adaptively considering the integral time scale of the turbulent flow. The effect of time resolution on the filter size was then elucidated.

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Study of a thermo-acoustic instability triggering in a low-swirl burner using simultaneous time-resolved acetone and OH-PLIF

Renaud A., Yokomori T., Tachibana S.

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute （Proceedings of the Combustion Institute） 37 （ 2 ） 2627 - 2633 2019年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 15407489

A low-swirl burner operating in premixed mode with methane and air is studied using high-speed acetone and OH-PLIF and advanced post-processing methods. In a transient operating point where the equivalence ratio is slowly increased while keeping the bulk velocity constant, a thermo-acoustic instability is found to grow and generate large pressure fluctuations in the combustion chamber. The instability is maintained by bursts of flame in phase with the pressure fluctuation cycle. It is found that these bursts are amplified by the fact that the boundaries of the flame arms are fluctuating in phase. This phasing of the arms' boundaries is due to the change in flame speed coming from the increase of equivalence ratio.

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Micro particle image velocimetry investigation of near-wall behaviors of tumble enhanced flow in an internal combustion engine

Shimura M., Yoshida S., Osawa K., Minamoto Y., Yokomori T., Iwamoto K., Tanahashi M., Kosaka H.

International Journal of Engine Research （International Journal of Engine Research） 20 （ 7 ） 718 - 725 2019年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 14680874

© IMechE 2018. A micro particle image velocimetry has been performed to investigate tumble enhanced flow characteristics near piston top surface of a motored internal combustion engine for three inlet valve open timing (−30, −15, 0 crank angle degrees). Particle image velocimetry was conducted at 340, 350 and 360 crank angle degrees of the end of the compression stroke at the constant motored speed of 2000 r/min. The measurement region was 3.2 mm × 1.5 mm on the piston top including central axis of the cylinder. The spatial resolution of particle image velocimetry in the wall-normal direction was 75 µm and the vector spacing was 37.5 µm. The first velocity vector is located about 60 µm from the piston top surface. The micro particle image velocimetry measurements revealed that the ensemble-averaged flow near the piston top is not close to the turbulent boundary layer and rather has tendency of the Blasius theorem, whereas fluctuation root-mean-square velocity near the wall is not low. This result shows that revision of a wall heat transfer model based on an assumption of the proper characteristics of flow field near the piston top is required for more accurate prediction of heat flux in gasoline engines.

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Influences of spark discharge characteristics on ignition and combustion process in lean-burn SI engine

Tsuboi S., Miyokawa S., Matsuda M., Yokomori T., Iida N.

12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019 （12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019） 2019年

研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, 共著, 査読有り

© Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019.All right reserved. Lean-burn SI engines have been investigated to decrease the heat loss, such as the cooling loss and the pumping loss. However, as excess air ratio approaches the lean operation limit, the cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) of SI combustion becomes an obstacle to stable operation. This study reports the effects of spark discharge characteristics, such as discharge current and spark-shortening phenomena, on the CCV of SI combustion under lean operation (excess air ratio = 1.8 - 2.3). An enhanced ignition system equipped with 20 ignition coils was utilized in this study. In the experiment, the discharge interval between each coil unit was modified to change the discharge current and duration. The results showed that the CCV of combustion was suppressed with the discharge interval, and the lean operation limit was extended to = 2.1. Observations of in-cylinder photographs suggest that the repetition of spark-shortening phenomena promoted the flame kernel formation.

On the evaluation of stratification effect on unsteady counterflow flames under mixture composition oscillation

Tomidokoro T., Yokomori T., Im H., Ueda T.

12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019 （12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019） 2019年

研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, 共著, 査読有り

© Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019.All right reserved. Although an extensive study has been conducted to elucidate the effect of equivalence ratio gradient on flame characteristics, some disagreements regarding the mechanism of the stratification effect exist. This may be attributed to differences in the flame properties used to evaluate the stratification effects. The present study evaluated the magnitude of the stratification effects with various flame properties used previously, and compared their response to mixture composition oscillations. The response of displacement speed was affected by unsteady gas expansion, while the response of consumption speed directly represented the variation in the reaction rate. The response of peak heat release rate provided a better representation of the response of fuel consumption rate than the global heat release rate, because it measures the local characteristics at the reaction zone and does not include heat release variations in the wake of the flame. However, the peak heat release rate overestimates the magnitude of the stratification effect due to additional variation in the heat release from H2 oxidation reaction, which is caused by increase/decrease in the H2 diffusion from the burned side.

Quantitative prediction of fluid flow patterns with gel reaction in a circular flow pipe

Yamaguchi M., Yokomori T., Ueda T.

Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan （Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan） 52 （ 7 ） 593 - 598 2019年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 00219592

Copyright © 2019 The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan Fluid flow patterns with a gel reaction in a circular flow pipe are investigated experimentally. Solutions of 10 mass% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 3 mass% borax are used as the working fluids. The flow channel consists of a transparent main flow pipe and a transparent branch flow pipe that is connected vertically to the main flow pipe. The solution of 10 mass% PVA flows in the main flow pipe under steady-state conditions. The Reynolds number (Rem) based on the mean velocity and the diameter of the main flow pipe is less than 30. The borax solution is colored with blue dye to visualize the flow patterns and is injected once only from the branch flow pipe. The experimental results show three distinct flow patterns, namely, capsule, capsule+stretched, and capsule+stretched+fingering flow. Rem and the ratio of the volume flow rate (β) are used to predict quantitatively the flow patterns with gel reaction. The results show that, in the region in which β is less than unity, capsule flow forms and β is the governing parameter. In the region in which β is greater than unity, Rem is dominant for determining the flow pattern with gel reaction.

Effect of surfactant on the methane hydrate combustion

Ueda T., Mizuochi K., Yokomori T.

12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019 （12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019） 2019年

研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, 共著, 査読有り

© Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019.All right reserved. Effect of surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the methane hydrate combustion has been investigated experimentally. Water solution of 0-2300 ppm SDS and methane are used to form the methane hydrate with SDS. Methane hydrate of 30 g was placed in a petri dish with 100 mm inner diameter and 10mm depth. The upper surface is opened to the air and is flushed. The temperature at 1.5 mm below from the upper surface of the petri dish along the centerline was measured by a K-type thermocouple. The petri dish is placed in a vertical flow channel where the honeycomb is installed to stabilize the upward flow due to the natural convection by combustion. When the temperature reaches the ignition temperature, the hydrate is ignited at the center by a pilot burner. The flame motion is recorded by a high-speed video camera with 125 fps and the temperature data from the thermocouple is stored in a data logger. In the case of the methane hydrate with SDS, a large amount of soapy bubble was formed shortly after the ignition over the hydrate surface. The bubbles decrease the heat from the flame to the hydrate surface and then the flame is weakened and extinguished faster than the pure methane hydrate. The bubbles stifle to form an anomalous preservation zone and then the distinct decrease in the flame propagation speed is not observed.

SIP「革新的燃焼技術」ガソリン燃焼チームの研究成果―高効率ガソリンエンジンのためのスーパーリーンバーン研究開発―

飯田訓正, 横森剛, 津江光洋, 北川敏明, 小酒英範, 三好明, 森吉泰生

日本燃焼学会誌（一般社団法人日本燃焼学会） 61 （ 197 ） 178 - 192 2019年

学位論文（博士）, 共著, ISSN 1347-1864

The "Innovative Combustion Technology" program, a national project is established under the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan as a part of the" Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP)". The "Gasoline Combustion Team" is one of teams of the "Innovative Combustion Technology" program.The "Gasoline Combustion Team" is comprised of Keio University as a Leader university and 29 universities as a Cluster university. Upon agreement with the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), we have been conducting the research on the "Super-Lean Burn for Gasoline Engines" with a support of the Research Association of Automotive Internal Combustion Engines (AICE) under the strong industry, academia and government collaboration.This paper introduces both scientific and technological approaches to innovative combustion technologies to realize the "Super- Lean Low Temperature Combustion", targeting a thermal efficiency of 50%.

Investigation on flame developments in a SI engine with tumble flow using OH PLIF

Shimura M., Siddhartha K., Moronuki T., Minamoto Y., Yokomori T., Tanahashi M.

International Heat Transfer Conference （International Heat Transfer Conference） 2018-August IHTC16-23975 - 1664 2018年08月

研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）, 共著, 査読有り, ISSN 2377424X

© 2018 International Heat Transfer Conference. All rights reserved. The present study is aimed at exploring the spatial and temporal development of the flame kernel using OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) in a single cylinder optical SI engine with a gasoline surrogate fuel. A tumble enhancing intake port is used for the sake of improvement of ignition and flame propagation. The engine speed was set to 2000 rpm through the experiments. Equivalence ratio is changed from 1.0 to 0.6. With decrease of equivalence ratio, ignition timing is changed to be earlier for appropriate combustion. From the preliminary measurement using particle image velocimetry (PIV), it is found that the cycle-cycle variations of main stream direction of tumble flow at the ignition point are prone to be large in approaching to top dead center in the compression stroke, which significantly affects characteristics of flame and in-cylinder pressure developments. From results of OH PLIF in different crank angle degrees (CAD) after ignition, characteristics of flame behavior are investigated with considering temporal evolution of in-cylinder pressure and characteristics of discharge path. For the stoichiometric condition, overall flame locations are fluctuated by variations of main flow direction, while nevertheless the pressure evolves properly due to fast flame propagation. For the lean conditions, initial stage of flame kernel development has great influence on the completeness of whole combustion.

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Experimental Study of Thermo-Acoustic Instability Triggering in a Staged Liquid Fuel Combustor Using High-Speed OH-PLIF

A. Renaud, S. Tachibana, S. Arase, T. Yokomori

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power （Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power） 140 （ 8 ） No. 081505 2018年05月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

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燃料組成の過渡的変化が予混合火炎の挙動に及ぼす影響

鈴木貴士, 佐藤衛, 梅沢修一, 横森剛, 植田利久

日本機械学会論文集（日本機械学会） 84 （ 857 ） 17-00168 - 00168-17-00168 2018年01月

共著, 査読有り

Flame height variations of a laminar stagnating premixed flame with gas component transition between fuel mixture A (methane:92%, ethane:6.7%, propane:1.3%) and B(methane:84%, ethane:13.3%, propane:2.7%), and between A and C (methane:76%, ethane:20.0%, propane:4.0%) are discussed. The estimation of the flame speed and the flame temperature of fuel mixtures A, B and C by the Chemkin-Pro show almost the same values for all fuel mixtures. In experiments, the transition between A and B and between A and C were performed. The transition time changes from 1 s to 10 s, keeping flow velocity and equivalence ratio constant at 0.8 m/s and 0.7 respectively. The flame position was measured by using images taken by a high speed camera with 125 fps. Two transition patterns are examined, keeping the total flow rate of premixed mixture constant. One is the constant flow rate transition, which changes the gas component, keeping the fuel mixture flow rate constant. The other is the constant equivalence ratio transition, keeping the equivalence ratio constant. In the case of the constant flow rate transition, the equivalence ratio changes which results in the variation in the flame speed, the flame temperature and the flame height. It means that the combustion state changes with the transition. On the other hand, in the case of the constant equivalence ratio transition, the flame speed, the flame temperature and the flame height keep almost the same state, which means that the gas component can be changed, keeping the combustion state the same.

燃料組成の過渡的変化に対するブンゼン火炎の変動抑制

岡本倫一, 石橋卓也, 杉田勝彦, 梅沢修一, 横森剛, 植田利久

動力・エネルギー技術の最前線講演論文集 : シンポジウム（一般社団法人日本機械学会） 2018 （ 0 ） B232 2018年

共著

Responses of premixed laminar Bunsen flame to transient change in fuel gas composition has been investigated experimentally. Mixture of methane, ethane, and propane is used as a model of natural gas. The volumetric fraction of methane was varied from 92 % to 76 % by 4 %, keeping ethane/propane ratio 5 constant. Transition time of the fuel composition was changed from 1 to 20 sec. The flow velocity at the exit of the burner was 0.8 m/s. The distance between the fuel mixing point and the air and fuel mixing point L was changed from 0 to 1500 mm. A flame motion was recorded by a high speed video camera at 60 fps, and variation of the flame height was measured The flame height temporarily exceeded or fell below the steady flame height during the transition even though the equivalence ratio of mixture before and after the transition set the same. When a density meter was set in the flow channel to detect the fuel composition variation, the temporary flame height be suppressed.

PIVを用いたエンジン筒内の流動計測技術

横森剛, 松田昌祥

計測と制御（公益社団法人計測自動制御学会） 57 （ 5 ） 313 - 317 2018年

学位論文（博士）, 共著, ISSN 0453-4662

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