研究者詳細 - 山元　良

論文 - 山元　良

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外傷性院外心肺停止におけるSigns of lifeの意義

山下幾太郎, 山元良, 鈴木昌, 北村伸哉, 田上隆, 康永秀生, 武田宗和, 麻生将太郎, 多村知剛, 本間康一郎, 佐々木淳一

日本救急医学会雑誌（(一社)日本救急医学会） 34 （ 12 ） 722 - 722 2023年12月

ISSN 0915-924X

外傷性院外心肺停止におけるSigns of lifeの意義

山下幾太郎, 山元良, 鈴木昌, 北村伸哉, 田上隆, 康永秀生, 武田宗和, 麻生将太郎, 多村知剛, 本間康一郎, 佐々木淳一

日本救急医学会雑誌（(一社)日本救急医学会） 34 （ 12 ） 722 - 722 2023年12月

ISSN 0915-924X

Early restricted oxygen therapy after resuscitation from cardiac arrest (ER-OXYTRAC): Protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial

Yamamoto R., Yamakawa K., Endo A., Homma K., Sato Y., Takemura R., Yamagiwa T., Shimizu K., Kaito D., Yagi M., Yonemura T., Shibusawa T., Suzuki G., Shoji T., Miura N., Takahashi J., Narita C., Kurata S., Minami K., Wada T., Fujinami Y., Tsubouchi Y., Natsukawa M., Nagayama J., Takayama W., Ishikura K., Yokokawa K., Fujita Y., Nakayama H., Tokuyama H., Shinada K., Taira T., Fukui S., Ushio N., Nakane M., Hoshiyama E., Tampo A., Sageshima H., Takami H., Iizuka S., Kikuchi H., Hagiwara J., Tagami T., Funato Y., Sasaki J., Er-Oxytrac S.G.

BMJ Open 13 （ 9 ） e074475 2023年09月

Introduction Cardiac arrest is a critical condition, and patients often experience postcardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) even after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Administering a restricted amount of oxygen in the early phase after ROSC has been suggested as a potential therapy for PCAS; however, the optimal target for arterial partial pressure of oxygen or peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2) to safely and effectively reduce oxygen remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to validate the efficacy of restricted oxygen treatment with 94%-95% of the target SpO 2 during the initial 12 hours after ROSC for patients with PCAS. Methods and analysis ER-OXYTRAC (early restricted oxygen therapy after resuscitation from cardiac arrest) is a nationwide, multicentre, pragmatic, single-blind, stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial targeting cases of non-traumatic cardiac arrest. This study includes adult patients with out-of-hospital or in-hospital cardiac arrest who achieved ROSC in 39 tertiary centres across Japan, with a target sample size of 1000. Patients whose circulation has returned before hospital arrival and those with cardiac arrest due to intracranial disease or intoxication are excluded. Study participants are assigned to either the restricted oxygen (titration of a fraction of inspired oxygen with 94%-95% of the target SpO 2) or the control (98%-100% of the target SpO 2) group based on cluster randomisation per institution. The trial intervention continues until 12 hours after ROSC. Other treatments for PCAS, including oxygen administration later than 12 hours, can be determined by the treating physicians. The primary outcome is favourable neurological function, defined as cerebral performance category 1-2 at 90 days after ROSC, to be compared using an intention-to-treat analysis. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at Keio University School of Medicine (approval number: 20211106). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants or their legal representatives. Results will be disseminated via publications and presentations. Trial registration number UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000046914).

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Cushing Index Based on Cushing Signs to Predict In-Hospital Death and Early Intervention for Minor Head Injury.

Matsumura K, Yamamoto R, Namiki J, Takemura R, Sasaki J

Journal of neurotrauma 40 （ 19-20 ） 2110 - 2117 2023年07月

ISSN 0897-7151

A considerable number of patients with mild traumatic brain injury have been known to ‘‘talk and die.’’ Serial neurological examinations, however, have been the only method of determining the necessity of repeat computed tomography (CT), and no validated method has been available to predict early deterioration of minor head injury. This study aimed to evaluate the association between hypertension and bradycardia, a classic sign of raised intracranial pressure (Cushing reflex) on hospital arrival and determine the clinical consequences of minor head injury after blunt trauma. We created a new Cushing Index (CI) by dividing the systolic blood pressure by the heart rate (equaling the inverse number of the Shock Index, a score for hemodynamic stability) and hypothesized that a high CI would predict surgical intervention for deterioration and in-hospital death among patients with minor head injury. To test our hypothesis, a retrospective observational study was conducted using a nationwide trauma database. Accordingly, adult blunt trauma with minor head injury (defined as a Glasgow Coma Scale of 13–15 and Abbreviated Injury Scale score of ‡2 in the head) who were transported directly from the scene by ambulances were included. Among the 338,744 trauma patients identified in the database, 38,844 were eligible for inclusion. A restricted cubic spline regression curve for risks of in-hospital death was created using the CI. Thereafter, the thresholds were determined based on inflection points of the curve, and patients were divided into low-, intermediate-, and high-CI groups. Patients with high CI showed significantly higher in-hospital mortality rates compared with those with intermediate CI (351 [3.0%] vs. 373 [2.3%]; odds ratio [OR] = 1.32 [1.14–1.53]; p < 0.001). Patients with high index also had a higher incidence of emergency cranial surgery within 24h after arrival than those with an intermediate CI (746 [6.4%] vs. 879 [5.4%]; OR = 1.20 [1.08–1.33]; p < 0.001). In addition, patients with low CI (equal to high Shock Index, meaning hemodynamically unstable) showed higher in-hospital death compared with those with intermediate CI (360 [3.3%] vs. 373 [2.3%]; p < 0.001). In conclusion, a high CI (high systolic blood pressure and low heart rate) on hospital arrival would be helpful in identifying patients with minor head injury who might experience deterioration and need close observation.

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遅発性上気道狭窄を伴った外傷性後咽頭間隙血腫の一例

大島千穂, 山元良, 西田有正, 大野聡一郎, 宇田川和彦, 栗原智宏, 佐々木淳一

日本外傷学会雑誌（一般社団法人日本外傷学会） 37 （ 3 ） 319 - 323 2023年07月

ISSN 13406264

<p>　症例は76歳の男性で, 飲酒後に転倒し, 当院へ搬送された. 頸部CTで後咽頭間隙血腫を認めたが, 呼吸困難や酸素化低下などはなかった. 受傷5日目にStridorと酸素化低下が出現し, 気管支鏡で後咽頭間隙血種による気管後壁の圧排所見を認め, 上気道狭窄に至った. 気管支鏡下にて気管挿管を施行し, 呼吸状態および低酸素血症は速やかに改善した. 第12病日に人工呼吸器離脱し, 第46病日に自宅退院した. 後咽頭間隙血腫は比較的稀な外傷であるが, 転倒外傷において, 初療時に上気道狭窄症状のない後咽頭間隙血腫が受傷5日目に急速に増悪し気道狭窄に至ることは極めて稀である. 初療時に上気道狭窄症状がなくても, 数日以上の経過観察を行う必要性が示唆された.</p>

Healthcare costs for hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a Japanese university hospital: a cross-sectional study.

Uno S, Goto R, Honda K, Tokuda M, Kamata H, Chubachi S, Yamamoto R, Sato Y, Homma K, Uchida S, Namkoong H, Uwamino Y, Sasaki J, Fukunaga K, Hasegawa N

Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E 21 （ 1 ） 43 - 43 2023年07月

ISSN 1478-7547

Background: A health-economic evaluation related to COVID-19 is urgently needed to allocate healthcare resources efficiently; however, relevant medical cost data in Japan concerning COVID-19 are scarce. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the healthcare cost for hospitalized COVID-19 patients in 2021 at Keio University Hospital. We calculated the healthcare costs during hospitalization using hospital claims data and investigated the variables significantly related to the healthcare cost with multivariable analysis. Results: The median healthcare cost per patient for the analyzed 330 patients was Japanese yen (JPY) 1,304,431 (US dollars ~ 11,871) (interquartile range: JPY 968,349–1,954,093), and the median length of stay was 10 days. The median healthcare cost was JPY 798,810 for mild cases; JPY 1,113,680 for moderate I cases; JPY 1,643,909 for moderate II cases; and JPY 6,210,607 for severe cases. Healthcare costs increased by 4.0% for each additional day of hospitalization; 1.26 times for moderate I cases, 1.64 times for moderate II cases, and 1.84 times for severe cases compared to mild cases; and 2.05 times for cases involving ICU stay compared to those not staying in ICU. Conclusions: We clarified the healthcare cost for hospitalized COVID-19 patients by severity in a Japanese university hospital. These costs contribute as inputs for forthcoming health economic evaluations for strategies for preventing and treating COVID-19.

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Frailty and Neurologic Outcomes of Patients Resuscitated From Nontraumatic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Prospective Observational Study

Yamamoto R., Tamura T., Haiden A., Yoshizawa J., Homma K., Kitamura N., Sugiyama K., Tagami T., Yasunaga H., Aso S., Takeda M., Sasaki J.

Annals of Emergency Medicine （Annals of Emergency Medicine） 82 （ 1 ） 84 - 93 2023年07月

ISSN 01960644

Study objective: To elucidate the clinical utility of the Clinical Frailty Scale score for predicting poor neurologic functions in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted between 2019 and 2021. The study included adults with nontraumatic OHCA admitted to the intensive care unit after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Pre-arrest high Clinical Frailty Scale score was defined as 5 or more. Favorable neurologic outcomes defined as a Cerebral Performance Category score of 2 or less at 30 days after admission were compared between patients with and without high Clinical Frailty Scale scores. Multivariable logistic regression analyses fitted with generalized estimating equations were performed to adjust for patient characteristics, out-of-hospital information, and resuscitation content and account for within-institution clustering. Results: Of 9,909 patients with OHCA during the study period, 1,216 were included, and 317 had a pre-arrest high Clinical Frailty Scale score. Favorable neurologic outcomes were fewer among patients with high Clinical Frailty Scale scores. The high Clinical Frailty Scale score group showed a lower percentage of favorable neurologic outcomes after OHCA than the low Clinical Frailty Scale score group (6.1% vs 24.4%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.45 [95% confidence interval 0.22 to 0.93]). This relationship remained in subgroups with cardiogenic OHCA, with ROSC after hospital arrival, and without a high risk of dying (Clinical Frailty Scale score of 7 or less), whereas the neurologic outcomes were comparable regardless of pre-arrest frailty in those with noncardiogenic OHCA and with ROSC before hospital arrival. Conclusions: Pre-arrest high Clinical Frailty Scale score was associated with unfavorable neurologic functions among patients resuscitated from OHCA. The Clinical Frailty Scale score would help predict clinical consequences following intensive care after ROSC.

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Hypotension at Hospital Presentation and Post-Contrast Acute Kidney Injury following Computed Tomography with Contrast Media

Yoshizawa J., Yamamoto R., Homma K., Kamikura H., Sekine K., Kobayashi Y., Funabiki T., Sasaki J.

Nephron （Nephron） 147 （ 3-4 ） 170 - 176 2023年04月

ISSN 16608151

Introduction: Post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) is a major complication of contrast media usage; risks for PC-AKI are generally evaluated before computed tomography (CT) with contrast at the emergency department (ED). Although persistent hypotension (systolic blood pressure [sBP] <80 mm Hg for 1 h) is associated with increased PC-AKI incidence, it remains unclear whether transient hypotension that is haemodynamically stabilized before CT is a risk of PC-AKI. We hypothesized that hypotension on ED arrival would be associated with higher PC-AKI incidence even if CT with contrast was performed after patients are appropriately resuscitated. Methods: This multicentre retrospective observational study was conducted at three tertiary care centres during 2013-2014. We identified 280 patients who underwent CT with contrast at the ED. Patients were classified into two groups based on sBP on arrival (<80 vs. ≥80 mm Hg); hypotension was considered as transient because CT with contrast has always been performed after patients were stabilized at participating hospitals. PC-AKI incidence was compared between the groups; inverse probability weighting (IPW) was conducted to adjust background characteristics. Results: Eighteen patients were excluded due to chronic haemodialysis, cardiac arrest on arrival, or death within 72 h; 262 were eligible for this study. PC-AKI incidence was higher in the transient hypotension group than the normotension group {7/27 (28.6%) vs. 24/235 (10.2%), odds ratio (OR) 3.08 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-8.03), p = 0.026}, which was confirmed by IPW (OR 3.25 [95% CI 1.99-5.29], p < 0.001). Conclusion: Transient hypotension at the ED was associated with PC-AKI development.

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Immediate CT after hospital arrival and decreased in-hospital mortality in severely injured trauma patients.

Yamamoto R, Suzuki M, Funabiki T, Sasaki J

BJS open 7 （ 1 ） 2023年01月

Background: Immediate whole-body CT (about 10 min after arrival) in an all-in-one resuscitation room equipped with CT has been found to be associated with shorter time to haemostasis and lower in-hospital mortality. The aim of this study was to elucidate the benefits of immediate whole-body CT after hospital arrival in patients with severe trauma with the hypothesis that immediate CT within 10 min is associated with lower in-hospital mortality. Method: This retrospective cohort study of patients with an injury severity score of more than 15 who underwent whole-body CT was conducted using the Japanese Trauma Databank (2019–2020). An immediate CT was conducted within 10 min after arrival. In-hospital mortality, frequency of subsequent surgery, and time to surgery were compared with immediate and non-immediate CT. Inverse probability weighting was conducted to adjust for patient backgrounds, including mechanism and severity of injury, prehospital treatment, vital signs, and institutional characteristics. Results: Among the 7832 patients included, 646 underwent immediate CT. Immediate CT was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (12.5 versus 15.7 per cent; adjusted OR 0.77 (95 per cent c.i. 0.69 to 0.84); P < 0.001) and fewer damage-control surgeries (OR 0.75 (95 per cent c.i. 0.65 to 0.87)). There was a 10 to 20 min difference in median time to craniotomy, laparotomy, and angiography. These benefits were observed regardless of haemodynamic instability on hospital arrival, while they were identified only in elderly patients with severe injury and altered consciousness. Conclusion: Immediate CT within 10 min after arrival was associated with decreased in-hospital mortality in severely injured trauma patients.

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Combined Ankle Robot Training and Robot-assisted Gait Training Improved the Gait Pattern of a Patient with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury.

Kamimoto T, Hosoi Y, Tanamachi K, Yamamoto R, Yamada Y, Teramae T, Noda T, Kaneko F, Tsuji T, Kawakami M

Progress in rehabilitation medicine 8 20230024 2023年

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Hydrogen gas and preservation of intestinal stem cells in mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion.

Yamamoto R, Suzuki S, Homma K, Yamaguchi S, Sujino T, Sasaki J

World journal of gastrointestinal surgery 14 （ 12 ） 1329 - 1339 2022年12月

ISSN 1948-9366

BACKGROUND: Patients with mesenteric ischemia frequently suffer from bowel necrosis even after revascularization. Hydrogen gas has showed promising effects for ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing reactive oxygen species in various animal and clinical studies. We examined intestinal tissue injury by ischemia and reperfusion under continuous initiation of 3% hydrogen gas. AIM: To clarify the treatment effects and target cells of hydrogen gas for mesenteric ischemia. METHODS: Three rat groups underwent 60-min mesenteric artery occlusion (ischemia), 60-min reperfusion following 60-min occlusion (reperfusion), or ischemia-reperfusion with the same duration under continuous 3% hydrogen gas inhalation (hydrogen). The distal ileum was harvested. Immunofluorescence staining with caspase-3 and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled 5 (LGR5), a specific marker of intestinal stem cell, was conducted to evaluate the injury location and cell types protected by hydrogen. mRNA expressions of LGR5, olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), hairy and enhancer of split 1, Jagged 2, and Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Tissue oxidative stress was analyzed with immunostaining for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Systemic oxidative stress was evaluated by plasma 8-OHdG. RESULTS: Ischemia damaged the epithelial layer at the tip of the villi, whereas reperfusion induced extensive apoptosis of the cells at the crypt base, which were identified as intestinal stem cells with double immunofluorescence stain. Hydrogen mitigated such apoptosis at the crypt base, and the LGR5 expression of the tissues was higher in the hydrogen group than in the reperfusion group. OLFM4 was also relatively higher in the hydrogen group, whereas other measured RNAs were comparable between the groups. 8-OHdG concentration was high in the reperfusion group, which was reduced by hydrogen, particularly at the crypt base. Serum 8-OHdG concentrations were relatively higher in both reperfusion and hydrogen groups without significance. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that hydrogen gas inhalation preserves intestinal stem cells and mitigates oxidative stress caused by mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion.

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Trauma-Angio score as a predictor of urgent angioembolization for blunt trauma: development and validation using independent cohorts

Maeshima K., Yamamoto R., Sasaki J.

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery （European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery） 48 （ 6 ） 4837 - 4845 2022年12月

ISSN 18639933

Purpose: This research aimed to establish a scoring system for selecting candidates for urgent angioembolization (AE). Methods: Patients with blunt trauma were retrospectively identified in a nationwide trauma registry. Patients aged ≥ 15 years with a systolic blood pressure of ≥90 mmHg were included. These individuals were then categorized into development and validation cohorts based on the date of admission. Next, an eight-point scaled system was developed using odds ratios obtained from the multivariate analysis of patients’ clinical factors on their arrival at the hospital, with the implementation of urgent AE as a dependent variable. Results: The development cohort and validation cohort included 158,192 and 116,941 patients, respectively, and 3296 (2.1%) patients in the development cohort and 2,550 (2.2%) patients in the validation cohort underwent urgent AE. The frequency of transfusion within 24 h after arrival and the Injury Severity Score were similar between the two cohorts (16,867 [10.7%] vs. 11,222 [9.6%] and 10 [9–18] vs. 10 [9–17], respectively). The number of patients who were discharged and hospital-free days were comparable between the two cohorts (139,436 [94.4%] vs. 106,107 [95.6%] and 72 [53–84] vs. 73 [57–84] days, respectively). The probabilities and the observed rates of urgent AE increased proportionally from 2% at a score of ≤ 3 to almost 15% at a score of ≥ 7. In terms of predictive factors, no significant interaction was noted. Conclusion: The Trauma-Angio scoring system can be used as a trigger to suggest the possibility of urgent AE. Trial Registration: 20090087, 31st July 2009.

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Optimal target blood pressure in elderly with septic shock (OPTPRESS) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Endo A., Yamakawa K., Tagami T., Umemura Y., Takahashi K., Nagasawa H., Araki Y., Kojima M., Sera T., Yagi M., Yamamoto R., Takahashi J., Nakane M., Takeda C., Narita C., Kazuma S., Okura H., Takahashi H., Wada T., Tahara S., Matsuoka A., Masaki T., Shiraishi A., Shimoyama K., Yokokawa Y., Nakamura R., Sageshima H., Yanagida Y., Takahashi K., Otomo Y.

Trials （Trials） 23 （ 1 ） 799 2022年12月

Background: Hemodynamic stabilization is a core component in the resuscitation of septic shock. However, the optimal target blood pressure remains debatable. Previous randomized controlled trials suggested that uniformly adopting a target mean arterial pressure (MAP) higher than 65 mmHg for all adult septic shock patients would not be beneficial; however, it has also been proposed that higher target MAP may be beneficial for elderly patients, especially those with arteriosclerosis. Methods: A multicenter, pragmatic single-blind randomized controlled trial will be conducted to compare target MAP of 80–85 mmHg (high-target) and 65–70 mmHg (control) in the resuscitation of septic shock patients admitted to 28 hospitals in Japan. Patients with septic shock aged ≥65 years are randomly assigned to the high-target or control groups. The target MAP shall be maintained for 72 h after randomization or until vasopressors are no longer needed to improve patients’ condition. To minimize the adverse effects related to catecholamines, if norepinephrine dose of ≥ 0.1 μg/kg/min is needed to maintain the target MAP, vasopressin will be initiated. Other therapeutic approaches, including fluid administration, hydrocortisone use, and antibiotic choice, will be determined by the physician in charge based on the latest clinical guidelines. The primary outcome is all-cause mortality at 90 days after randomization. Discussion: The result of this trial will provide great insight on the resuscitation strategy for septic shock in the era of global aged society. Also, it will provide the better understanding on the importance of individualized treatment strategy in hemodynamic management in critically ill patients. Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry; UMIN000041775. Registered 13 September 2020.

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Incisional wound closure by sequential partial split-thickness skin grafting following failure of primary abdominal fascia closure after open abdomen management: A case report

Suzuki S., Yamamoto R., Hori S., Kitago M., Kitagawa Y., Sasaki J.

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports （International Journal of Surgery Case Reports） 101 107802 2022年12月

ISSN 22102612

Introduction: Open abdomen (OA) is a widely used technique for managing abdominal organ injury, abdominal compartment syndrome, and abdominal sepsis. While various methods have contributed to successful primary closure of the abdominal fascia after OA, some patients still develop enteroatmospheric fistulas that impede abdominal fascia closure. We report a case of successful epithelialization of the incision by sequential partial split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) in a patient who had failure in primary abdominal fascia closure due to enteroatmospheric fistulas after OA for incisional dehiscence and anastomotic leakage. Presentation of case: A 73-year-old male patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for duodenal adenocarcinoma. The abdominal incision was then necrosed and dehisced due to anastomotic leakage on postoperative day (POD) 6, and multiple intra-abdominal lavages with OA were performed. On POD 15, the patient developed enteroatmospheric fistulas; thus, primary fascia closure was considered impossible. On PODs 72 and 106, STSG was conducted on the granulation tissue at the incisional wound, and complete epithelialization was achieved on POD 111. Discussion: Sequential partial STSG only needed basic surgical skills and standard devices for surgery. Conclusion: We reported the case with successful epithelialization of the incision by sequential partial STSG, in which primary abdominal fascia closure was failed due to enteroatmospheric fistulas after OA for incisional dehiscence and anastomotic leakage.

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Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a retrospective large cohort multicenter study in Japan

Inoue A., Hifumi T., Sakamoto T., Okamoto H., Kunikata J., Yokoi H., Sawano H., Egawa Y., Kato S., Sugiyama K., Bunya N., Kasai T., Ijuin S., Nakayama S., Kanda J., Kanou S., Takiguchi T., Yokobori S., Takada H., Inoue K., Takeuchi I., Honzawa H., Kobayashi M., Hamagami T., Takayama W., Otomo Y., Maekawa K., Shimizu T., Nara S., Nasu M., Takahashi K., Hagiwara Y., Kushimoto S., Fukuda R., Ogura T., Shiraishi S.i., Zushi R., Otani N., Kikuchi M., Watanabe K., Nakagami T., Shoko T., Kitamura N., Otani T., Matsuoka Y., Aoki M., Sakuraya M., Arimoto H., Homma K., Naito H., Nakao S., Okazaki T., Tahara Y., Kuroda Y., Senda A., Suzuki H., Tanimoto A., Kitagawa K., Katayama Y., Igarashi N., Kawano M., Kuroki Y., Umehara T., Sasaki Y., Tominaga N., Hamaguchi T., Sakai T., Abe T., Hanafusa H., Yamaoka Y., Kakizaki Y., Sakato S., Kashiwabara S., Kadoya T., Misumi K., Kobayashi T., Yamada S., Kobayashi M., Akashi N., Kuno M., Maruyama J., Kobata H., Soh M., Shirasaki K., Shiba D., Isokawa S., Uchida M., Sakurai A., Tatsukawa H., Nishikawa M., Kojima M., Kosaki R., Shimazui T., Kinoshita H., Sawada Y., Yamamoto R., Masuzawa Y., Matsumura K., Shimazaki J.

Critical Care （Critical Care） 26 （ 1 ） 2022年12月

ISSN 13648535

Background: The prevalence of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has been increasing rapidly worldwide. However, guidelines or clinical studies do not provide sufficient data on ECPR practice. The aim of this study was to provide real-world data on ECPR for patients with OHCA, including details of complications. Methods: We did a retrospective database analysis of observational multicenter cohort study in Japan. Adult patients with OHCA of presumed cardiac etiology who received ECPR between 2013 and 2018 were included. The primary outcome was favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge, defined as a cerebral performance category of 1 or 2. Results: A total of 1644 patients with OHCA were included in this study. The patient age was 18–93 years (median: 60 years). Shockable rhythm in the initial cardiac rhythm at the scene was 69.4%. The median estimated low flow time was 55 min (interquartile range: 45–66 min). Favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge was observed in 14.1% of patients, and the rate of survival to hospital discharge was 27.2%. The proportions of favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge in terms of shockable rhythm, pulseless electrical activity, and asystole were 16.7%, 9.2%, and 3.9%, respectively. Complications were observed during ECPR in 32.7% of patients, and the most common complication was bleeding, with the rates of cannulation site bleeding and other types of hemorrhage at 16.4% and 8.5%, respectively. Conclusions: In this large cohort, data on the ECPR of 1644 patients with OHCA show that the proportion of favorable neurological outcomes at hospital discharge was 14.1%, survival rate at hospital discharge was 27.2%, and complications were observed during ECPR in 32.7%.

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Early intubation and decreased in-hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Yamamoto R., Kaito D., Homma K., Endo A., Tagami T., Suzuki M., Umetani N., Yagi M., Nashiki E., Suhara T., Nagata H., Kabata H., Fukunaga K., Yamakawa K., Hayakawa M., Ogura T., Hirayama A., Yasunaga H., Sasaki J.

Critical Care （Critical Care） 26 （ 1 ） 124 - 124 2022年12月

ISSN 13648535

Background: Some academic organizations recommended that physicians intubate patients with COVID-19 with a relatively lower threshold of oxygen usage particularly in the early phase of pandemic. We aimed to elucidate whether early intubation is associated with decreased in-hospital mortality among patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who required intubation. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective, observational study was conducted at 66 hospitals in Japan where patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 were treated between January and September 2020. Patients who were diagnosed as COVID-19 with a positive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test and intubated during admission were included. Early intubation was defined as intubation conducted in the setting of ≤ 6 L/min of oxygen usage. In-hospital mortality was compared between patients with early and non-early intubation. Inverse probability weighting analyses with propensity scores were performed to adjust patient demographics, comorbidities, hemodynamic status on admission and time at intubation, medications before intubation, severity of COVID-19, and institution characteristics. Subgroup analyses were conducted on the basis of age, severity of hypoxemia at intubation, and days from admission to intubation. Results: Among 412 patients eligible for the study, 110 underwent early intubation. In-hospital mortality was lower in patients with early intubation than those with non-early intubation (18 [16.4%] vs. 88 [29.1%]; odds ratio, 0.48 [95% confidence interval 0.27–0.84]; p = 0.009, and adjusted odds ratio, 0.28 [95% confidence interval 0.19–0.42]; p < 0.001). The beneficial effects of early intubation were observed regardless of age and severity of hypoxemia at time of intubation; however, early intubation was associated with lower in-hospital mortality only among patients who were intubated later than 2 days after admission. Conclusions: Early intubation in the setting of ≤ 6 L/min of oxygen usage was associated with decreased in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19 who required intubation. Trial Registration None.

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Characteristics of Laparoscopic Surgery for Trauma Patients and Risks of Conversion to Open Laparotomy

Yamamoto R., Cestero R.F., Kameyama N., Sasaki J.

World Journal of Surgery （World Journal of Surgery） 46 （ 11 ） 2616 - 2624 2022年11月

ISSN 03642313

Background: The discussion is ongoing about appropriate indications for laparoscopic surgery in trauma patients. As timing and risks of conversion to laparotomy remain unclear, we aimed to elucidate characteristics of and risks for conversion following laparoscopic surgery, using a nationwide database. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted, using Japanese Trauma Data Bank (2004–2018). We included adult trauma patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery as an initial surgical intervention. Conversion to laparotomy was defined as laparotomy at the initial surgery. Patient demographics, mechanism and severity of injury, injured organs, timing of surgery, and clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without conversion. Risks for conversion were analyzed focusing on indications for laparoscopic surgery, after adjusting patient and institution characteristics. Results: Among 444 patients eligible for the study, 31 required conversions to laparotomy. The number of laparoscopic surgeries gradually increased over the study period (0.5–4.5% of trauma laparotomy), without changes in conversion rates (5–10%). Patients who underwent conversion had more severe abdominal injuries compared with those who did not (AIS 3 vs 2). While length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality were comparable, abdominal complications were higher among patients with conversion (12.9 vs. 2.9%), particularly when laparoscopy was performed for peritonitis (OR, 22.08 [5.11–95.39]). A generalized estimating equation model adjusted patient background and identified hemoperitoneum and peritoneal penetration as risks for conversion (OR, 24.07 [7.35–78.75] and 8.26 [1.20– 56.75], respectively). Conclusions: Trauma laparoscopy for hemoperitoneum and peritoneal penetration were associated with higher incidence of conversion to open laparotomy.

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D-dimer for screening of aortic dissection in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Kaito D., Yamamoto R., Nakama R., Hashizume K., Ueno K., Sasaki J.

American Journal of Emergency Medicine （American Journal of Emergency Medicine） 59 146 - 151 2022年09月

ISSN 07356757

Background: Acute aortic dissection (AAD) with concurrent ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is relatively rare and sometimes overlooked. As D-dimer testing has been reported to have high sensitivity to diagnose AAD in a clinical scale, Aortic Dissection Detection Risk Score (ADD-RS), a point-of-care D-dimer analyzer capable of measuring in 10 min would be useful to deny AAD with concurrent STEMI. However, an optimal cut-off value of D-dimer in such population remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the optimal D-dimer threshold in patients clinically diagnosed with STEMI. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at two tertiary care centers between 2014 and 2019. Patients clinically diagnosed with STEMI who underwent serum D-dimer measurement on hospital arrival were included. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of AAD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for D-dimer values to diagnose AAD was evaluated, particularly in patients with low to moderate risks of AAD (1 of ADD-RS). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated with several cut-off values. Results: A total of 322 patients were included, and 28 were diagnosed with AAD. The AUROC for D-dimer to diagnose AAD was 0.970 (95% confidence interval: 0.948–0.993) in 262 patients with 1 of ADD-RS. If D-dimer ≥750 ng/mL was used as a cut-off value, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 100%, 86.4%, 37.7%, and 100%, respectively. AAD could be denied in 209 (79.8%) patients using the cut-off value (D-dimer <750 ng/mL). Conclusions: Serum D-dimer ≥750 ng/mL exhibited high sensitivity and NPV to diagnose AAD with concurrent STEMI, while the ADD-RS originally utilized ≥500 ng/mL as a cut-off for any suspected AAD. A point-of-care D-dimer measurement with the new cut-off would be useful to rule-out AAD among patients with STEMI.

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Gaining or wasting time? Influence of time to operating room on mortality after temporary hemostasis using resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta

Yamamoto R., Alarhayem A., Muir M.T., Jenkins D.H., Eastridge B.J., Shapiro M.L., Cestero R.F.

American Journal of Surgery （American Journal of Surgery） 224 （ 1 ） 125 - 130 2022年07月

ISSN 00029610

Background: The optimal candidates for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) remains unclear. We hypothesized patients with delayed transfer to operating room (OR) would benefit from REBOA. Methods: Using the 2016–2017 ACS-TQIP database, patients were divided based on the transfer time to OR: ≤1 h (early) and >1 h (delayed). In each group, patients who underwent REBOA in emergency department (ED-REBOA) were matched with those without REBOA (non-REBOA) using propensity scores, and survival to discharge was compared. Results: Among 163,453 patients, 114 and 138 patients (38 and 46 ED-REBOA) were included in the early and delayed groups, respectively. Survival to discharge was comparable between ED-REBOA and non-REBOA patients in the early group (39.5% vs. 48.7%, p = 0.35), whereas it was higher in ED-REBOA patients in the delayed group (39.1% vs. 12.0%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Patients with delayed transfer to OR >1 h benefited from REBOA.

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Threshold of increase in oxygen demand to predict mechanical ventilation use in novel coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study incorporating restricted cubic spline regression

Yamamoto R., Takemura R., Yamamoto A., Matsumura K., Kaito D., Homma K., Wada M., Sasaki J.

PLoS ONE （PLoS ONE） 17 （ 7 July ） e0269876 2022年07月

Background Rapid deterioration of oxygenation occurs in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and prediction of mechanical ventilation (MV) is needed for allocation of patients to intensive care unit. Since intubation is usually decided based on varying clinical conditions, such as required oxygen changes, we aimed to elucidate thresholds of increase in oxygen demand to predict MV use within 12 h. Methods A single-center retrospective cohort study using data between January 2020 and January 2021was conducted. Data were retrieved from the hospital data warehouse. Adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) who needed oxygen during admission were included. Hourly increments in oxygen demand were calculated using two consecutive oxygen values. Covariates were selected from measurements at the closest time points of oxygen data. Prediction of MV use within 12 h by required oxygen changes was evaluated with the area under the receiver operating curves (AUCs). A threshold for increased MV use risk was obtained from restricted cubic spline curves. Results Among 66 eligible patients, 1835 oxygen data were analyzed. The AUC was 0.756 for predicting MV by oxygen demand changes, 0.888 by both amounts and changes in oxygen, and 0.933 by the model adjusted with respiratory rate, PCR quantification cycle (Ct), and days from PCR. The threshold of increments of required oxygen was identified as 0.44 L/ min/h and the probability of MV use linearly increased afterward. In subgroup analyses, the threshold was lower (0.25 L/min/h) when tachypnea or frequent respiratory distress existed, whereas it was higher (1.00 L/min/h) when viral load is low (Ct ≥20 or days from PCR >7 days). Conclusions Hourly changes in oxygen demand predicted MV use within 12 h, with a threshold of 0.44 L/ min/h. This threshold was lower with an unstable respiratory condition and higher with a low viral load.

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