Details of a Researcher - Toda, Masahiro

Papers - Toda, Masahiro

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Isolated Pituitary Tuberculoma - Case Reports –

Saito K, Toda M, Shido S, Tomita T, Ogawa K, Yoshida K.

NMC Case Report Journal 2013 ( 0330 ) 2014

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work

Sox6 Up-Regulation by Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Promotes Survival and Maintenance of Mouse Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells

Ohta Shigeki, Misawa Aya, Lefebvre Véronique, Okano Hideyuki, Kawakami Yutaka, Toda Masahiro

PLoS ONE 8 ( 9 ) 2013.09

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has important roles in supporting the proliferation and/or survival of murine neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), but downstream effectors remain unknown. We show here that MIF robustly increases the expression of Sox6 in NSPCs in vitro. During neural development, Sox6 is expressed in the ventricular zone of the ganglionic eminence (GE) of mouse brains at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), cultured NSPCs from E14.5 GE, and NSPCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) around the lateral ventricle (LV) of the adult mouse forebrain. Retroviral overexpression of Sox6 in NSPCs increases the number of primary and secondary neurospheres and inhibits cell differentiation. This effect is accompanied with increased expression of Hes1 and Bcl-2 and Akt phosphorylation, thus suggesting a role for Sox6 in promoting cell survival and/or self-renewal ability. Constitutive activation of the transcription factor Stat3 results in up-regulation of Sox6 expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that MIF increases Stat3 binding to the Sox6 promoter in NSPCs, indicating that Stat3 stimulates Sox6 expression downstream of MIF. Finally, the ability of MIF to increase the number of primary and secondary neurospheres is inhibited by Sox6 gene silencing. Collectively, our data identify Sox6 as an important downstream effector of MIF signaling in stemness maintenance of NSPCs. © 2013 Ohta et al.

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Infratentorial low-grade oligoastrocytoma with aggressive clinical behavior in an adult

Sano Keisho, Toda Masahiro, Sasaki Hikaru, Kitamura Yohei, Mikami Shuji, Hirato Junko, Inoue Satoshi, Kawase Takeshi, Yoshida Kazunari

Brain Tumor Pathology 30 ( 2 ) 99 - 103 2013.04

ISSN 1433-7398

Oligoastrocytoma preferentially arises in the cerebral hemisphere, and a cerebellar location is unusual. We report the case of a 35-year-old woman with an aggressive cerebellar tumor histopathologically diagnosed as oligoastrocytoma World Health Organization (WHO) grade II. After partial removal of the tumor, she underwent concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) therapy with local irradiation followed by additional TMZ monotherapy. However, her symptoms gradually worsened, and chronological magnetic resonance imaging showed remarkable tumor enlargement. In accordance with the aggressive clinical course, unfavorable genetic characteristics such as the gain of the entire chromosome 7, loss of 9p, absence of 1p/19q codeletion, absence of methylation of the O6- methylguanine-deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase promoter, and absence of the isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 mutation were observed. The present case illustrates that these molecular characteristics represent the biological features of gliomas more closely than the histopathological diagnosis and may also suggest that infratentorial gliomas arise through a distinct tumorigenic pathway from their supratentorial counterparts. © The Japan Society of Brain Tumor Pathology 2012.

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Our experience in anterior petrosal approach. Letter to the editor.

Tomio R, Borghei-Razavi H, Toda M, Yoshida K.

J Neurosurg 2013

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work

Transoral-transpalatal approach and endoscopic endonasal approach for chordomas of the craniovertebral junction

Shidoh S, Toda M, Nakajima H, Tomita T, Ogawa K, Kawase T, Yoshida K

J Neurophysiol 4 ( 4 ) 162 2013

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes cell survival and proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells

Ohta Shigeki, Misawa Aya, Fukaya Raita, Inoue Satoshi, Kanemura Yonehiro, Okano Hideyuki, Kawakami Yutaka, Toda Masahiro

Development (Cambridge) 139 ( 19 ) 2012.10

ISSN 0950-1991

In a previous study, we showed that murine dendritic cells (DCs) can increase the number of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we identified macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a novel factor that can support the proliferation and/or survival of NSPCs in vitro. MIF is secreted by DCs and NSPCs, and its function in the normal brain remains largely unknown. It was previously shown that in macrophages, MIF binds to a CD74-CD44 complex. In the present study, we observed the expression of MIF receptors in mouse ganglionic-eminence-derived neurospheres using flow cytometry in vitro. We also found CD74 expression in the ganglionic eminence of E14 mouse brains, suggesting that MIF plays a physiological role in vivo. MIF increased the number of primary and secondary neurospheres. By contrast, retrovirally expressed MIF shRNA and MIF inhibitor (ISO-1) suppressed primary and secondary neurosphere formation, as well as cell proliferation. In the neurospheres, MIF knockdown by shRNA increased caspase 3/7 activity, and MIF increased the phosphorylation of Akt, Erk, AMPK and Stat3 (Ser727), as well as expression of Hes3 and Egfr, the products of which are known to support cell survival, proliferation and/or maintenance of NSPCs. MIF also acted as a chemoattractant for NSPCs. These results show that MIF can induce NSPC proliferation and maintenance by multiple signaling pathways acting synergistically, and it may be a potential therapeutic factor, capable of activating NSPC, for the treatment of degenerative brain disorders. © 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

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Epidural anterior petrosectomy with subdural visualization of sphenobasal vein via the anterior transpetrosal approach-technical case report

Ichimura Shinya, Yoshida Kazunari, Kagami Hiroshi, Inaba Makoto, Orii Maaya, Kitamura Yohei, Saga Isako, Toda Masahiro

Neurosurgical Review 35 ( 4 ) 609 - 613 2012.10

ISSN 0344-5607

The drainage of the superficialmiddle cerebral vein (SMCV) is classified into four subtypes. The sphenobasal vein (SBV) drains from the SMCV to the pterygoid venous plexus at the temporal skull base. Epidural procedures in the standard anterior transpetrosal approach (ATPA) may damage the route of the SBV. We report a case in which modified surgical procedures via the ATPA were used to preserve the SBV. A 45-year-old man complained of right facial pain. Magnetic resonance images revealed a right cerebellopontine tumor suggestive of an epidermoid cyst. Right carotid angiography revealed that the SMCV drained into the pterygoid venous plexus via the SBV. The convexity dura mater of the temporal lobe was cut and the anterior part of the temporal lobe was retracted subdurally. The SBV was visualized from the subdural side. The basal dura mater of the temporal lobe posterior to the SBV was cut and the posterior part of the temporal lobe was retracted epidurally. After dissecting the dura mater medial to the greater petrosal nerve and to the edge of the petrous apex, the petrous apex was exposed and drilled out without injuring the SBV. The superior petrous sinus and the tentorium were cut. The tumor compressed the root exit zone of the trigeminal nerve. The tumor was grossly totally removed. ThemodifiedATPA (epidural anterior petrosectomy with subdural visualization of the SBV) is effective in preserving the SBV. © Springer-Verlag 2012.

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Application of the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach to true type transsellar transsphenoidal meningoencephalocele in an adult

Saito Katsuya, Toda Masahiro, Sano Keisho, Tomita Toshiki, Ogawa Kaoru, Yoshida Kazunari

Acta Neurochirurgica 154 ( 8 ) 1511 - 1515 2012.08

ISSN 0001-6268

Of the transsellar transsphenoidalmeningoencephaloceles (TTSMEs), the true type presents with the hernial sac extending from the intracranium to the epipharynx through the sellar floor. The true type is the most serious and difficult to manage, especially when the hernial sac contains vital structures, such as the anterior cerebral artery, pituitary gland, optic nerve, hypothalamus, and third ventricle. Surgical outcome for true type TTSME is reported to be poor. We describe a successful case of endoscopic repair for a 36-year-old man with true type TTSME. Our success with endoscopic repair for true type TTSME in an adult is the first reported case. We believe that the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach allows less invasive surgery and provides an acceptable operative outcome in comparison with other microsurgical approaches. © Springer-Verlag 2012.

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Surgical results of an endoscopic endonasal approach for clival chordomas

Saito Katsuya, Toda Masahiro, Tomita Toshiki, Ogawa Kaoru, Yoshida Kazunari

Acta Neurochirurgica 154 ( 5 ) 879 - 886 2012.05

ISSN 0001-6268

Background The surgical approaches for clival chordomas remain controversial, although the extent of resection is one of the most important factors for long survival rates. Recently an endoscopic endonasal approach in good collaboration with otolaryngologists has attracted major attention as a surgical approach for clival chordomas. We describe our experience with the endoscopic endonasal approach and provide a review of the literature. Methods Between 2008 and 2011, six operations were performed via the endoscopic endonasal approach for clivus chordomas. The mean tumor size was 35 mm in diameter. The tumor location was mainly from the upper to middle clivus. The tumor extended into the cavernous sinus in five cases and intradurally in three cases. A binostril approach was performed in four cases, while a one nostril approach was performed in two cases. Results Gross total removal was achieved in three cases. The analysis of cases with incomplete resection suggested that residual tumors were observed epidurally and subdurally. The residual on the epidura was observed from the posterior clinoid to the posterior compartment of the cavernous sinus. On the other hand, the residual on the subdural was observed behind the upper part of the pituitary gland. There was no postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage using vascularized nasoseptal flaps in any of the cases. Conclusions The endoscopic endonasal transclival approach allows an appropriate extent of resection with acceptable complication rates in comparison with other approaches. In our series, the accomplishment of gross total removal was associated with the relationship between the tumors and surrounding structures, such as the pituitary gland and the cavernous portion of the intracranial carotid artery (ICA). © Springer-Verlag 2012.

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Downregulation of KIF23 suppresses glioma proliferation

Takahashi Satoshi, Fusaki Noemi, Ohta Shigeki, Iwahori Yoshihiro, Iizuka Yukihiko, Inagawa Kohei, Kawakami Yutaka, Yoshida Kazunari, Toda Masahiro

Journal of Neuro-Oncology 106 ( 3 ) 519 - 529 2012.02

ISSN 0167-594X

To identify therapeutic molecular targets for glioma, we performed modified serological identification of antigens by recombinant complementary DNA (cDNA) expression cloning using sera from a mouse glioma model. Two clones, kinesin family member 23 (Kif23) and structural maintenance of chromosomes 4 (Smc4), were identified as antigens through immunological reaction with sera from mice harboring synergic GL261 mouse glioma and intratumoral inoculation with a mutant herpes simplex virus. The human Kif23 homolog KIF23 is a nuclear protein that localizes to the interzone of mitotic spindles, acting as a plus-end-directed motor enzyme that moves antiparallel microtubules in vitro. Expression analysis revealed a higher level of KIF23 expression in glioma tissues than in normal brain tissue. The introduction of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting KIF23 into two different glioma cell lines, U87MG and SF126, downregulated KIF23 expression, which significantly suppressed glioma cell proliferation in vitro. KIF23 siRNA-treated glioma cells exhibited larger cell bodies with two or more nuclei compared with control cells. In vivo analysis using mouse xenograft showed that KIF23 siRNA/DNA chimeratreated tumors were significantly smaller than tumors treated with control siRNA/DNA chimera. Taken together, our results indicate that downregulation of KIF23 decreases proliferation of glioma cells and that KIF23 may be a novel therapeutic target in malignant glioma. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes cell survival and proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells.

Ohta S, Misawa A, Fukaya R, Inoue S, Kanemura Y, Okano H, Kawakami Y, Toda M

J Cell Sci 125 3210 - 3220 2012

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Downregulation of uPARAP mediates cytoskeletal rearrangements and decreases invasion and migration properties in glioma cells

Takahashi Satoshi, Yamada-Okabe Hisafumi, Hamada Kenji, Ohta Shigeki, Kawase Takeshi, Yoshida Kazunari, Toda Masahiro

Journal of Neuro-Oncology 103 ( 2 ) 267 - 276 2011.06

ISSN 0167-594X

To identify molecular therapeutic targets for glioma, we performed gene expression profiling by using a complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray method and identified the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein (uPARAP/Endo180) as a gene expressed highly in glioma tissue compared with the normal brain tissue. The uPARAP is an endocytic receptor for collagen. In certain cell types, uPARAP occurs in a complex with the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) where it fulfills other functions in addition to collagenolysis. Quantitative PCR analysis using a cDNA panel revealed higher expression levels of uPARAP in glioma tissue compared with normal brain tissue. Western blot analysis revealed that the uPARAP protein was expressed in glioma samples and two glioma cell lines, KNS42 and KNS81, but not expressed in control tissue from the normal brain. Introduction of small interfering RNA-targeted uPARAP into the two different glioma cell lines, KNS42 and KNS81, resulted in downregulation of uPARAP expression, and it significantly suppressed glioma cell migration and invasion in vitro. Control glioma cells showed small cell bodies, whereas uPARAP siRNA-treated glioma cells exhibited large and flat morphology. Most of the polymeric actin in the control glioma cells was concentrated in the lamellipodia that are observed in mobile cells. In contrast, in the uPARAP siRNA-treated glioma cells, polymeric actin became organized in stress fibers and the lamellipodia disappeared, characteristic of immobile cells. Our present study suggests that uPARAP may be involved in glioma cell invasiveness through actin cytoskeletal rearrangement. downregulation of uPARAP may be a novel anti-invasion therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

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Functional analysis of HOXD9 in human gliomas and glioma cancer stem cells

Tabuse Masanao, Ohta Shigeki, Ohashi Yohei, Fukaya Raita, Misawa Aya, Yoshida Kazunari, Kawase Takeshi, Saya Hideyuki, Thirant Cécile, Chneiweiss Hérve, Matsuzaki Yumi, Okano Hideyuki, Kawakami Yutaka, Toda Masahiro

Molecular Cancer 10 2011.05

Background: HOX genes encode a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors involved in the determination of cell fate and identity during embryonic development. They also behave as oncogenes in some malignancies.Results: In this study, we found high expression of the HOXD9 gene transcript in glioma cell lines and human glioma tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. Using immunohistochemistry, we observed HOXD9 protein expression in human brain tumor tissues, including astrocytomas and glioblastomas. To investigate the role of HOXD9 in gliomas, we silenced its expression in the glioma cell line U87 using HOXD9-specific siRNA, and observed decreased cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis. It was suggested that HOXD9 contributes to both cell proliferation and/or cell survival. The HOXD9 gene was highly expressed in a side population (SP) of SK-MG-1 cells that was previously identified as an enriched-cell fraction of glioma cancer stem-like cells. HOXD9 siRNA treatment of SK-MG-1 SP cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation. Finally, we cultured human glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs) from patient specimens found with high expression of HOXD9 in GCSCs compared with normal astrocyte cells and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs).Conclusions: Our results suggest that HOXD9 may be a novel marker of GCSCs and cell proliferation and/or survival factor in gliomas and glioma cancer stem-like cells, and a potential therapeutic target. © 2011 Tabuse et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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Adjuvant effects of formalin-inactivated HSV through activation of dendritic cells and inactivation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer immunotherapy

Ohkusu-Tsukada Kozo, Ohta Shigeki, Kawakami Yutaka, Toda Masahiro

International Journal of Cancer 128 ( 1 ) 119 - 131 2011.01

ISSN 0020-7136

Use of adequate adjuvant is necessary for induction of effective antitumor immune responses. To develop an effective adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy, we selected formalin-inactivated (f)-HSV as an adjuvant component, and analyzed the mechanisms underlying its adjuvant effects. First, we found that f-HSV can induce the tumor antigen-specific CTLs by enhancing antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells (DCs), mainly through TLR2, but not TLR9. Next, f-HSV was also found to prevent the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We demonstrated that the expansion of MDSCs in the blood and spleen during tumor progression required B cells producing the inflammatory angiogenesis factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), a co-receptor for VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Interestingly, the transmembrane-type NRP-1 on B cells changed to soluble-type NRP-1 (sNRP-1) by f-HSV treatment. We further showed that the sNRP-1 and VEGF-A secreted from B cells by f-HSV treatment could abrogate the immunosuppressive ability of MDSCs. These results suggest that f-HSV can enhance antitumor immune responses as an adjuvant, not only through activation of DCs, but also inactivation of MDSCs via B cells. © 2010 UICC.

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A simple behavioral test for locomotor function after brain injury in mice

Tabuse Masanao, Yaguchi Masae, Ohta Shigeki, Kawase Takeshi, Toda Masahiro

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 17 ( 11 ) 1412 - 1416 2010.11

ISSN 0967-5868

To establish a simple and reliable test for assessing locomotor function in mice with brain injury, we developed a new method, the rotarod slip test, in which the number of slips of the paralytic hind limb from a rotarod is counted. Brain injuries of different severity were created in adult C57BL/6 mice, by inflicting 1-point, 2-point and 4-point cryo-injuries. These mice were subjected to the rotarod slip test, the accelerating rotarod test and the elevated body swing test (EBST). Histological analyses were performed to assess the severity of the brain damage. Significant and consistent correlations between test scores and severity were observed for the rotarod slip test and the EBST. Only the rotarod slip test detected the mild hindlimb paresis in the acute and sub-acute phase after injury. Our results suggest that the rotarod slip test is the most sensitive and reliable method for assessing locomotor function after brain damage in mice. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Subtemporal approach - Venous drainage and surgical anatomy

Toda Masahiro, Yoshida Kazunari, Kawase Takeshi

Japanese Journal of Neurosurgery 19 ( 10 ) 742 - 752 2010.10

ISSN 0917-950X

Because the temporal lobe extends deeply into the middle cranial fossa anteriorly, the procedure of the subtemporal approach should be modified so as to avoid damaging the brain and the cortical veins by compression with retractors. To minimize compression damage to the temporal lobe it is necessary to perform the craniotomy along the middle cranial fossa, and to remove the zygomatic arch for supratentorial lesions, and to remove the petrous pyramid for infratentorial lesions. An extradural approach is useful as a means of preventing damage to bridging veins including Labbe's vein, but because the superior petrosal sinus and the tentorium are transected in the procedure by the anterior transpetrosal approach, the drainage pathways of the superficial sylvian vein (especially the sphenobasal vein and the sphenopetrosal vein) should be checked preoperatively. In this article we outline the surgical anatomy of the middle cranial fossa required for the subtemporal approach and variations in the venous drainage of the superficial sylvian vein, and then we describe the treatment of petroclival lesions by the anterior transpetrosal approach.

Endoscopic skull base surgery

Toda Masahiro

Neurological Surgery 38 ( 6 ) 506 - 514 2010.06

ISSN 0301-2603

Identification of antigen against brain tumor stem cell and application for treatment of glioma

Toda Masahiro

Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy 37 ( 6 ) 1016 - 1018 2010.06

ISSN 0385-0684

Isolation of cancer stem-like cells from a side population of a human glioblastoma cell line, SK-MG-1

Fukaya Raita, Ohta Shigeki, Yamaguchi Masayuki, Fujii Hirofumi, Kawakami Yutaka, Kawase Takeshi, Toda Masahiro

Cancer Letters 291 ( 2 ) 150 - 157 2010.05

ISSN 0304-3835

Accumulating evidence suggests that in several types of brain tumors, including glioma, only a phenotypic subset of tumor cells called brain cancer stem cells (BCSCs) may be capable of initiating tumor growth. Recently, the isolation of side population (SP) cells using Hoechst dye has become a useful method for obtaining cancer stem cells in various tumors. In this study, we isolated cancer stem-like cells from human glioma cell lines using the SP technique. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that SK-MG-1, a human glioblastoma cell line, contained the largest number of SP cells among the five glioma cell lines that were analyzed. The SP cells had a self-renewal ability and were capable of forming spheres in a neurosphere culture medium containing EGF and FGF2. Spheres derived from the SP cells differentiated into three different lineage cells: neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the SP cells expressed a neural stem cell marker, Nestin. The SP cells generated tumors in the brains of NOD/SCID mice at 8 weeks after implantation, whereas the non-SP cells did not generate any tumors in the brain. These results indicate that SP cells isolated from SK-MG-1 possess the properties of cancer stem cells, including their self-renewal ability, multi-lineage differentiation, and tumorigenicity. Therefore, the SP cells from SK-MG-1 may be useful for analyzing BCSCs because of the ease with which they can be handled and their yield. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Targeted inhibition of IL-10-secreting CD25^- Treg via p38 MAPK suppression in cancer immunotherapy

Ohkusu-Tsukada Kozo, Toda Masahiro, Udono Heiichiro, Kawakami Yutaka, Takahashi Kimimasa

European Journal of Immunology 40 ( 4 ) 1011 - 1021 2010.04

ISSN 0014-2980

Cancer-induced immunotolerance mediated by inducible Treg (iTreg) is a major obstacle to cancer immunotherapy. In a basic study of immunotolerance, injection of an endogenous superantigen, i.e. the minor lymphocyte stimulatory (Mls)-1^a, into specific TCR Vβ8.1-Tg mice enabled generation of anergic CD25^- iTreg, the immunosuppressive function of which was maintained by IL-10 production via p38-MAPK activation. Interestingly, although p38-chemical inhibitor (p38-inhibitor) is capable of breaking CD25^- iTreg-induced immunotolerance, the p38-inhibitor had hardly any immunotolerance breaking effect when CD25⁺ Treg were present, suggesting that depletion of CD25⁺ Treg is necessary for p38-inhibitor to be effective. Peptide OVA_323-339 iv.-injection into its specific TCR-Tg (OT-II) mice also induced adaptive tolerance by iTreg. Peptide immunotherapy with p38-inhibitor after CD25⁺ Treg-depletion was performed in an OVA-expressing lymphoma E.G7-bearing tolerant model established by adoptive transfer of OT-II CD25^- iTreg, which resulted in suppression of tumor growth. Similarly, the antitumor immunity induced by peptide immunotherapy in colon carcinoma CT26-bearingmice, in which the number of IL-10-secreting iTreg is increased, was augmented by treatment with p38-inhibitor after CD25 ⁺ Treg-depletion and resulted in inhibition of tumor progression. These results suggest that simultaneous inhibition of two distinct Treg-functions may be important to the success of cancer immunotherapy. © 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

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