Okada, Mitsuhiro

写真a

Affiliation

Faculty of Letters Department of Philosophy (Mita)

Position

Professor Emeritus （Keio University）

Related Websites

External Links
Page Top ▲

Profile 【 Display / hide 】

  • Towards clarifying logical thinking: An interdisciplinary,integrated research of logical reasoning Logic is one of the oldest forms of classical scholarship, and a great amount of research has been done since it was formulated by Aristotle in the 4th century BC. However, there are still a number of unresolved issues that remain in the study of logic and logical thinking in the 21st century. Through logic and logical research, I aim to clarify our understanding of how people think. In FY2013, I conducted multilateral logical research with a focus on philosopy, and from an intedisciplinary view including perspectives of mathematical logic, computational/informathion and cognitive science, neuroscience, and others. The main themes for the 2013 research were as found below. 1.Philosophical logic Presented a modern, re-evaluated perspectine of demonstration, computation theories, and philosophy of mathematics of such 20th century philosophers as Ludwig Wittgenstein and Edmund Husserl. 2.Cognitive science methods Began researching multi-attribute data design and presentathion(e.g.product catalogues)and decision-making by combining techniques from cognitive science(mainly eye tracking), social psychology and logical semantics. Moved foward with theoretical research and human subject research into diagrammatic reasoning and graphical reasoning theory. 3.Teoretical study of logical structure Researched basic logic theory known as linesr logic theory(a logic from which the distinction of the classical and intuitionistic logic emerges)with the aim of deconstructing it into a more basic set of logical inferences. 4.Behavioral genetics and logic, and decision-making Researched logical reasoning and rational decision-making through twin studies conducted with the behavioral genetics research group at Keio(the Ando lab). 5.Information logic and software science Researched logical methods of safety properties verification for software such as authentication(cryptographic communicathion) protocols. Much of the above research was conducted in the interdisciplinary research enviroment at the Global Research Center of Logic and Sensibility, for which I am currently serving as the head, as well as under the Next-Generation Research Projects program, the project of the Research Center for Thinking and Behavioral Judgement at Keio(Head:Prof.Ken Sekine), and the MEXT-funded research project, "Elucidation of the Neural Computation for Prediction and Decision Making". Finally, I cooperated with patner teams such as CNRS ans INRIA in France. My research in 2013 depended greatly on the help I received from collaborative partners both at Keio and beyond.

Page Top ▲

Other Affiliation 【 Display / hide 】

  • IUHPST/DLMPST, The 2nd vice president

  • Center for Design of Future Symbiosis, Keio University, センター共同研究員

  • IHPST, University Paris-1, institute of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, Associate Member

Page Top ▲

Career 【 Display / hide 】

  • 2020.04
    -
    Present

    Keio University, Professor Emeritus

  • 1996.04
    -
    2020.03

    Keio University, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Letters, Professor

  • 1998.04
    -
    2020.03

    Keio University, Graduate School of Letters, Graduate School Committee member

  • 1990.09
    -
    1996.03

    慶應義塾大学, 文学部, 助教授

  • 2017.03
    -
    Present

    University of Paris-1, Institute of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, Institute of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, Associate Member

display all >>

Page Top ▲

Academic Background 【 Display / hide 】

  • 1979.03

    The University of Tokyo, Faculty of Literature, 哲学科

    University, Graduated

  • 1983.03

    Keio University, Graduate School, Division of Letters

    Graduate School, Completed, Master's course

  • 1987.03

    Keio University, Graduate School, Division of Letters

    Graduate School, Completed, Doctoral course

Page Top ▲

Academic Degrees 【 Display / hide 】

  • 文学　, Keio University, Coursework, 1987.03

    弱い含意に制限した論理について

Page Top ▲
 

Research Areas 【 Display / hide 】

  • Humanities & Social Sciences / Philosophy and ethics (Philosophy/Ethics / Philosophy of logic, Philosophy of mathematics,Wittgenstein, Informatic ethics, Psychology of decision making and logic, informatic logic)

Page Top ▲

Research Keywords 【 Display / hide 】

  • Computer security

  • Diagrammatic logic

  • Theoretical computer science

  • Philosophy of AI

  • Algorithmic ethics

display all >>

Page Top ▲

Proposed Theme of Joint Research 【 Display / hide 】

  • Logical reasoning, inference ability, decision making, logic and ethics of algorithm, decision making with diagrammatic-graphic representation by eyetracker and cognitive scientific measures

    Interested in joint research with other research organizations (including universities, etc.)

    　View Message

    特に次のテーマに関して応用面に興味を持っている。１．論理推論の教育デザイン、論理推論略評価法、評価課題集などを開発してきた。
    ２．図的・グラフィック情報提示に基づく意思決定・論理推論の研究地球蓄積を持ち、社会心理学的消費者行動意思決定への応用研究に関わる研究を進めている。

Page Top ▲
 

Books 【 Display / hide 】

  • Wittgenstein’s Struggle with Intuitionism

    Marion M., Okada M., Wittgenstein's Philosophy in 1929, 2023.01

    　View Summary

    In this chapter, we study the emergence of Wittgenstein’s critical stance toward intuitionism within MS 105–107. We assume in accordance with elementary hermeneutics that in 1929, it is not the later Wittgenstein who struggled to understand but the author of the Tractatus, which formed the background to his reaction to Brouwer and Weyl. We shall argue that Wittgenstein was quite receptive to some aspects, notably the priority of mathematics over logic and the law of excluded middle, but for his own different reasons and that although he had a genuine understanding of some aspects of intuitionism, he made at least one important mistake.

  • Wittgenstein and Goodstein on Uniqueness of Primitive recursive arithmetic, in "Wittgenstein in the 1930s:Investigations to Philosophical Investigations" (ed. by David Stern)

    Mathieu Marion and Mitsuhiro Okada, Cambridge University Press, 2018.11

    Scope: Chapter authors

  • A Report of Reserch Center for Thinkingand and Behavioral Judgement

    Mitsuhiro Okada, Tatsuya Kashiwabata, Hisanori Tsuge, Juko Ando, Jun ichi Yamamoto, Takayuki Sakagami, Satoshi Umeda, Masao Ogaki, Hideo Akabayashi, Noburu Notomi, and Keiko Fujisawa., Research Centre for Thinking and Behavioral Judgment, Keio University, 2014.12

  • Effects of Representation Patterns in Multi-Attribute Decision-Making: An Eye-Tracking Study

    Masahiro Morii, Takashi Ideno, Shigetaka Okubo, and Mitsuhiro Okada, Research Centre for Thinking and Behavioral Judgment, Keio University, 2014.12

  • Eye-Tracking Study of Decision-Making with Graphically Represented Multi-Attribute Tables.

    Okubo,S.& Okada,M., Report of the Reserch Center for Thinking and Behavioral Judgement(ed.M.Okada et al.),Keio University, 2014

    Scope: 17-23

display all >>

Page Top ▲

Papers 【 Display / hide 】

  • Assessing Large Language Models with NeuBAROCO: Syllogistic Reasoning Ability and Biases,

    Risako Ando, Hirohiko Abe, Takanobu Morishita, Koji Mineshima, Mitsuhiro Okada

    ric. NAPTURAL LOGIC MEETS MACHINE LEARNING, June, 2023 (IWCS, LOGIC MEETS MACHINE LEARNING,)  4 2023.06

    Last author, Accepted

  • Wittgenstein’s Struggle with Intuitionism, in Wittgenstein’s Philosophy in 1929

    Mathieu Marion and Mitsuhir Okada

    Studies in Twentieth-Century Philosophy) H 230 (Routledge)  230   1 - 16 2023.02

    Part of collection (book), Joint Work, Corresponding author

  • Abductive Reasoning with Syllogistic Forms in Large Language Models

    Abe H., Ando R., Morishita T., Ozeki K., Mineshima K., Okada M.

    Lecture Notes in Computer Science 15504 LNCS   3 - 17 2025

    ISSN  03029743

    　View Summary

    Research in AI using Large-Language Models (LLMs) is rapidly evolving, and the comparison of their performance with human reasoning has become a key concern. Prior studies have indicated that LLMs and humans share similar biases, such as dismissing logically valid inferences that contradict common beliefs. However, criticizing LLMs for these biases might be unfair, considering our reasoning not only involves formal deduction but also abduction, which draws tentative conclusions from limited information. Abduction can be regarded as the inverse form of syllogism in its basic structure, that is, a process of drawing a minor premise from a major premise and conclusion. This paper explores the accuracy of LLMs in abductive reasoning by converting a syllogistic dataset into one suitable for abduction. It aims to investigate whether the state-of-the-art LLMs exhibit biases in abduction and to identify potential areas for improvement, emphasizing the importance of contextualized reasoning beyond formal deduction. This investigation is vital for advancing the understanding and application of LLMs in complex reasoning tasks, offering insights into bridging the gap between machine and human cognition.

  • An Eye-Tracking Study on the Effects of Using Highlighted Multi-attribute Tables: A Preliminary Report

    Morii M., Ideno T., Tamari Y., Takemura K., Okada M.

    Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics 14981 LNAI   467 - 471 2024

    ISSN  03029743

    　View Summary

    Our previous research, aimed at improving the design of multi-attribute tables (such as product catalogs), found that black-and-white graphics aided decision-making more than numerical or textual formats (Ideno et al., Diagrams 2020). We extended these findings by examining how combining graphic and numerical presentation (highlighting the cells with superior values) influences decision-making. Twenty-one participants chose the most desirable digital cameras from five alternatives. Results showed faster decision-making with highlighted cells compared to non-highlighted ones. A two-stage decision strategy emerged, with more attribute-based gaze shifts initially and equal vertical and horizontal shifts later. We discussed the implications and prospects of highlighted multi-attribute tables.

  • Can Euler Diagrams Improve Syllogistic Reasoning in Large Language Models?

    Ando R., Ozeki K., Morishita T., Abe H., Mineshima K., Okada M.

    Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics 14981 LNAI   232 - 248 2024

    ISSN  03029743

    　View Summary

    In recent years, research on large language models (LLMs) has been advancing rapidly, making the evaluation of their reasoning abilities a crucial issue. Within cognitive science, there has been extensive research on human reasoning biases. It is widely observed that humans often use graphical representations as auxiliary tools during inference processes to avoid reasoning biases. However, currently, the evaluation of LLMs’ reasoning abilities has largely focused on linguistic inferences, with insufficient attention given to inferences using diagrams. In this study, we concentrate on syllogisms, a basic form of logical reasoning, and evaluate the reasoning abilities of LLMs supplemented by Euler diagrams. We systematically investigate how accurately LLMs can perform logical reasoning when using diagrams as auxiliary input and whether they exhibit similar reasoning biases to those of humans. Our findings indicate that, overall, providing diagrams as auxiliary input tends to improve models’ performance, including in problems that show reasoning biases, but the effect varies depending on the conditions, and the improvement in accuracy is not as high as that seen in humans. We present results from experiments conducted under multiple conditions, including a Chain-of-Thought setting, to highlight where there is room to improve logical diagrammatic reasoning abilities of LLMs.

display all >>

Page Top ▲

Papers, etc., Registered in KOARA 【 Display / hide 】

display all >>

Page Top ▲

Reviews, Commentaries, etc. 【 Display / hide 】

  • Corrigendum to “Inductive-data-type systems” [Theoret. Comput. Sci. 272 (1–2) (2002) 41–68] (Theoretical Computer Science (2002) 272(1–2) (41–68), (S0304397500003479), (10.1016/S0304-3975(00)00347-9))

    Blanqui F., Jouannaud J.P., Okada M.

    Theoretical Computer Science (Theoretical Computer Science)  817   81 - 82 2020.05

    ISSN  03043975

    　View Summary

    © 2000 Elsevier B.V. In a previous work (Abstract data type systems, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 173 (2) (1997)), the last two authors presented a combined language made of a (strongly normalizing) algebraic rewrite system and a typed lambda-calculus enriched by pattern-matching definitions following a certain format, called the “General Schema”, which generalizes the usual recursor definitions for natural numbers and similar “basic inductive types”. This combined language was shown to be strongly normalizing. The purpose of this paper is to reformulate and extend the General Schema in order to make it easily extensible, to capture a more general class of inductive types, called “strictly positive”, and to ease the strong normalization proof of the resulting system. This result provides a computation model for the combination of an algebraic specification language based on abstract data types and of a strongly typed functional language with strictly positive inductive types.

  • Preface

    Nigam V., Kirigin T.B., Talcott C., Guttman J., Kuznetsov S., Loo B.T., Okada M.

    Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics))  12300 LNCS   vii - viii 2020

    ISSN  03029743

  • FATALIS: Real Time Processes as Linear Logic Specifications

    Koji Hasebe, V. Cremet, Jean-Pierre Jouannaud, Antonie Kremer, and Mitsuhiro Okada

    International Workshop on Automated Verification of Infinite-State Systems  2003

    Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other), Joint Work

  • 歪んだ真珠(バロック)---音楽における規則性vs反規則性、または ロゴスvsパトス---

    岡田 光弘

    藝文研究  ( 9 )  2003

    Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other), Single Work

  • 大会ワークショップ「フォーマルオントロジーの工学と哲学」報告

    日本科学哲学会　  2002

    Other, Single Work

display all >>

Page Top ▲

Presentations 【 Display / hide 】

  • Societal impacts of cybersecurity including elements relative to ethics, integrity, deontology and law

    Mitsuhiro Okada, Panelist

    The 5th France-Japan Workshop on Cybersecurity (Kyoto University) , 

    2019.04
    , 

    Symposium, workshop panel (nominated), Keio University, NICT, French Embassy in Japan, INRIA, CNRS

  • normativity and rules

    OKADA MITSUHIRO

    French-Japanese Meeting on Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics, "rule, Normativity and Disagreement" (Keio University) , 

    2019.01
    , 

    Symposium, workshop panel (nominated), French-japanese CNRA-Keio U Project

  • Formal language and logic

    Mitsuhiro Okada

    "Logic, Language and Ontology" Workshop (Keio University) , 

    2018.11
    , 

    Oral presentation (invited, special), "Logic, Language and Ontology" Workshop Organizing Committ

  • Why "formal" is needed for algorithmic ethics?

    Mitsuhiro Okada

    French-Japanese Meeting for Algorithmic Fairness, 

    2018.10
    , 

    Oral presentation (general)

  • A system of quasi-ordinal diagrams

    OKADA, MITSUHIRO-Takahashi,Yuta

    The 20th International Workshop on Computation with Terms and Graphs (Oxford) , 

    2018.07
    , 

    Symposium, workshop panel (public), TermGraph2 018 Program Committee

display all >>

Page Top ▲

Research Projects of Competitive Funds, etc. 【 Display / hide 】

  • Interdisciplinary studies on philosophy of logic: Toward the development of philosophy of proof and demonstration

    2021.04
    -
    2026.03

    MEXT,JSPS, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Principal investigator

  • 論証・証明の哲学の深化に向けた学際的「論理の哲学」研究

    2021.04
    -
    2026.03

    JSPS, 科学研究費　, Mitsuhiro Okada, Koji Mineshima, Ryo Ito, 基盤研究(B), No Setting

  • 論理的「不一致」の解明

    2020.01
    -
    2024.03

    MEXT,JSPS, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Home-Returning Researcher Development Research (B)), Principal investigator

  • A New Development of "Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics" from the view point of "Philosophy of Proofs"

    2017.04
    -
    2022.03

    JSPS, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Mitsuhiro OKADA, Research grant, Principal investigator

    　View Summary

    We give new view points and new solutions to the fundamental issues in philosophy of logic and philosophy of mathematics

  • Information security research based on logical-formal methods-cruptographic protocols quantitative information flow analysys

    2016.04
    -
    2019.03

    JSPS, AYAME-Program (JSPS-INRIA), Mitsuhiro OKADA, Commissioned ｒesearch, Principal investigator

    　View Summary

    Weare developing theory and techniques of "provabl" secure cryptographic protocols, by which security properties are logically-formally provable.

display all >>

Page Top ▲

Works 【 Display / hide 】

  • 飯田「ウィトゲンシュタイン」書評

    2000
    -
    Present
    , 

    Other, Single

    　View Details

    左記図書の書評

  • 公と私（石黒ひで氏との対談）

    1999.05
    -
    Present
    , 

    Other, Single

    　View Details

    左記テーマでの対談

  • 「脳と心のモデル（安西他著）」書評

    1994
    -
    Present
    , 

    Other, Single

    　View Details

    左記図書の書評

  • 大出「論理学入門」について

    1992.11
    -
    Present
    , 

    Other, Single

    　View Details

    左記図書についての書評

Page Top ▲

Other 【 Display / hide 】

  • 　View Details

    ＜書評＞ウィトゲンシュタイン：言語の限界 飯田隆著, 講談社, 1997年. 哲學, 104:77-83, 1999年12月.

Page Top ▲
 

Courses Taught 【 Display / hide 】

  • CONTEMPORARY LOGIC ISSUES 2

    2022

  • CONTEMPORARY LOGIC ISSUES 1

    2022

  • COMPUTATIONAL LOGIC

    2022

  • ADVANCED STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS 2I

    2022

  • ADVANCED STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS 1I

    2022

display all >>

Page Top ▲
 

Social Activities 【 Display / hide 】

  • 三田哲学会誌「哲学」

    1997.04
    -
    2000.03
Page Top ▲

Memberships in Academic Societies 【 Display / hide 】

  • Takeuti Symposium, 

    2003.12

  • Consciousness Meeting, 

    2003.12
    -
    Present

  • Workshop "Logic and Philosopy of Math", 

    2003.12

  • 「ヒルベルト・ワークショップ」, 

    2002.01
    -
    Present

  • 日仏情報学ワークショップ（フランス外務省主催）, 

    2001.12
    -
    Present

display all >>

Page Top ▲

Committee Experiences 【 Display / hide 】

  • 2020.04
    -
    Present

    Director of International Exchanges, Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

  • 2019.04
    -
    Present

    Chair of the Editorial Board, Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

  • 2019.01
    -
    Present

    大会実行委員会委員長, 日本科学哲学会

    　View Remarks

    2018年大会委員長内定

  • 2017.04
    -
    2020.03

    理事会理事, 日本科学基礎論学会

  • 2017.04
    -
    Present

    理事会理事, 日本科学哲学会

display all >>

Page Top ▲