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Papers - KITA, Yosuke

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Face recognition in children with autism spectrum disorders : a review and future prospects

軍司敦子, 北洋輔, 稲垣真澄

精神保健研究 = Journal of mental health : official journal of the National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP, Japan (国立精神・神経医療研究センター精神保健研究所) ( 27 ) 63 - 71 2014

Accepted, ISSN 0915-065X

Altered brain activity for phonological manipulation in dyslexic Japanese children

Yosuke Kita, Hisako Yamamoto, Kentaro Oba, Yuri Terasawa, Yoshiya Moriguchi, Hitoshi Uchiyama, Ayumi Seki, Tatsuya Koeda, Masumi Inagaki

BRAIN (OXFORD UNIV PRESS) 136 ( Pt 12 ) 3696 - 3708 2013.12

Accepted, ISSN 0006-8950

Because of unique linguistic characteristics, the prevalence rate of developmental dyslexia is relatively low in the Japanese language. Paradoxically, Japanese children have serious difficulty analysing phonological processes when they have dyslexia. Neurobiological deficits in Japanese dyslexia remain unclear and need to be identified, and may lead to better understanding of the commonality and diversity in the disorder among different linguistic systems. The present study investigated brain activity that underlies deficits in phonological awareness in Japanese dyslexic children using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We developed and conducted a phonological manipulation task to extract phonological processing skills and to minimize the influence of auditory working memory on healthy adults, typically developing children, and dyslexic children. Current experiments revealed that several brain regions participated in manipulating the phonological information including left inferior and middle frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral basal ganglia. Moreover, dyslexic children showed altered activity in two brain regions. They showed hyperactivity in the basal ganglia compared with the two other groups, which reflects inefficient phonological processing. Hypoactivity in the left superior temporal gyrus was also found, suggesting difficulty in composing and processing phonological information. The altered brain activity shares similarity with those of dyslexic children in countries speaking alphabetical languages, but disparity also occurs between these two populations. These are initial findings concerning the neurobiological impairments in dyslexic Japanese children.

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Self-Recognition in a Child With High-Functioning Autism

鈴木徹, 平野幹雄, 北洋輔

特殊教育学研究 = The Japanese journal of special education (日本特殊教育学会) 51 ( 2 ) 105 - 113 2013.07

Accepted, ISSN 0387-3374

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「読み書きの苦手な子」の実情と理解 (特集「読み書きが苦手な子」の理解と支援)

北洋輔, 稲垣真澄

教育と医学 (慶應義塾大学出版会) 61 ( 5 ) 368 - 379 2013.05

Accepted, ISSN 0452-9677

発達性読み書き障害の視覚情報処理機能障害の解明大細胞系刺激によるfMRI-脳波同時計測

山本寿子, 北洋輔, 小林朋佳, 山崎広子, 加我牧子, 稲垣真澄, 星野英紀, 花川隆

脳と発達 ((一社)日本小児神経学会) 45 ( Suppl. ) S380 - S380 2013.05

ISSN 0029-0831

Effects of the Mother's Acceptance of Her Maternal Role on the Association between the Child's Behavior and Maternal Depression

SUZUKI Kota, KITA Yosuke, KAGA Makiko, MISAGO Chizuru, TAKEHARA Kenji, INAGAKI Masumi

小児保健研究 (日本小児保健協会) 72 ( 3 ) 363 - 368 2013.05

Accepted, ISSN 0037-4113

Facial identity recognition in children with autism spectrum disorders revealed by P300 analysis: A preliminary study

Atsuko Gunji, Takaaki Goto, Yosuke Kita, Ryusuke Sakuma, Naomi Kokubo, Toshihide Koike, Kotoe Sakihara, Makiko Kaga, Masumi Inagaki

BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV) 35 ( 4 ) 293 - 298 2013.04

Accepted, ISSN 0387-7604

Background: To reveal the neural substrate of communication difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), we investigated the P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) as represented by the average of electroencephalography findings time-locked to events and behavior. Because the P300 amplitude influences attentional resource allocation during discrimination, the component elicited during perception of known and unknown faces should indicate familiarity processing. Methods and results: Nine typically developing children (TD) and nine children with ASDs participated in this study (Experiment 1). The P300 amplitude in TD children was significantly larger during familiar face perception than during unfamiliar face perception (p < 0.01). However, there was no evidence of familiarity effect in children with ASDs. In three children with ASDs, we also assessed the P300 amplitude during perception of a therapist's face one month before (baseline), a few days before and after social skills training (SST) sessions (Experiment 2). To evaluate the effect of familiarity on facial identity processing, we analyzed the therapist/unknown ratio of P300 amplitudes related to the face discrimination task as an index. The ratio was larger after SST sessions than before, but there was no difference in the ratio between baseline and before SST assessments. Conclusion: The P300 might be influenced by attentional resource allocation depending on the stage of learning face identification in children with ASDs. We speculate that this approach to evaluating brain responses during facial identity recognition could be used as a tool to clarify children's communication difficulties. (C) 2013 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Deficits in magnocellular pathway in developmental dyslexia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging-electroencephalography study

Yamamoto H, Kita Y, Kobayashi T, Yamazaki H, Kaga M, Hoshino H, Hanakawa T, Inagaki M

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 3 168 - 178 2013

Accepted

Self-Recognition in a Child With High-Functioning Autism

SUZUKI Toru, HIRANO Mikio, KITA Yosuke, GOUKON Ayumu, NOGUCHI Kazuhito, HOSOKAWA Toru

The Japanese Journal of Special Education (The Japanese Association of Special Education) 51 ( 2 ) 105 - 113 2013

Accepted, ISSN 0387-3374

Many published articles have supported the assumption of "mindblindness", according to which difficulties in understanding others' mind states produce serious social-communication impairments in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. However, some studies have shown that performance on "theory of mind" tasks, which are thought to reflect one's abilities to represent others' mental states, does not predict social communication impairments in daily life. The present article proposes a hypothesis to replace the mindblindness assumption, based on study of a boy (11 years 5 months old) with high-functioning autism. "Theory of mind" tasks were examined, together with an attempt to analyze the boy's understanding of causal relations between his own and others' behavior and his own and others' states. The participant in the study could attribute the current states, including the mental states, of his own and others to others' past behavior, but he could not attribute them to his own past behavior. In other words, he could understand the causal relation between the current states of others and their past behavior, but could not do this in the case of his own past behavior. Although he passed "theory of mind" tasks, he showed many serious problems in his interactions with others. These findings suggest that if the self involved in social communication produces problems, difficulty in self-recognition may be another important factor in social-communication impairments. The discussion suggests that it would be important to focus on the effects of difficulties in self-recognition on social communication.

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Social Skills Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders : Developing Objective Assessments using Brain Function Measurement

北洋輔, 軍司敦子, 後藤隆章

東北大学大学院教育学研究科研究年報 (東北大学大学院教育学研究科) 61 ( 1 ) 127 - 143 2012.12

Accepted, ISSN 1346-5740

Social Skills Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders : Developing Objective Assessments using Brain Function Measurement.

北洋輔, 軍司敦子, 後藤隆章, 稲垣真澄, 細川徹

東北大学大学院教育学研究科研究年報 (東北大学大学院教育学研究科) 61 ( 1 ) 127 - 144 2012.12

Accepted, ISSN 1346-5740

Effects of a rich emotionally-satisfying childbirth experience of mothers on their later parental attitudes and behavior in school-age children

Kota Suzuki, Yosuke Kita, Yuki Inoue, Makiko Kaga, Chizuru Misago, Kenji Takehara, Masumi Inagaki

No To Hattatsu 44 ( 5 ) 368 - 373 2012.09

Accepted, ISSN 0029-0831

This study examined the effects of a rich, emotionally-satisfying childbirth experience (CBE) of mothers on the behavior of school-age children using longitudinal data measured from immediately to 7 years and 6 months after birth. The results of structural equation modeling revealed the following: 1) giving birth in a midwifery center enhances emotional satisfaction with CBE, 2) a rich CBE of mothers was associated with parental warmth, 3) parental warmth during early childhood increased prosocial behavior and reduced behavioral problems in school-age children, and 4) temperamentally difficulty in early childhood were linked to later behavioral problems in school-age children. Thus, a rich CBE and parental warmth were suggested to be factors contributing to the good behavior of school-age children.

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Effectiveness of social skills training for children with developmental disorders: Behavioral analysis using a two-dimensional motion capture system

Ryusuke Sakuma, Atsuko Gunji, Takaaki Goto, Yosuke Kita, Toshihide Koike, Makiko Kaga, Masumi Inagaki

No To Hattatsu 44 ( 4 ) 320 - 326 2012.07

Accepted, ISSN 0029-0831

The current study sought to develop a new behavioral analysis methods to evaluate the effects of social skills training (SST). SST is known to be an effective method to improve the social skills of children with behavioral problems. However, current evaluation methods involve behavioral rating scales that are heavily dependent on evaluators' particular experiences they have had. To quantitatively examine the behavioral effects of SST, we examined subjects' head-movements related to social behavior, using a two-dimensional motion capture system (Kissei Comtec, Japan). Four children (three male, one female, 7-8 years of age) with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) participated in 16 sessions of SST. Before and after SST, head-coordinates on a two-dimensional plane were calculated using their behavior during a pair task, measured by four digital cameras. After SST, the number of communication behaviors was increased compared to before SST. In addition, children looked longer at another child within 30 degrees of the central visual field. Time-series analysis of the visual field during the detection of another child revealed significant auto-correlation from about - 1.12 second, before to the beginning of communication behavior (p&lt
0.05). The results suggested mat our method can provide a quantitative index of characteristics related to skilled social behaviors. We conclude mat a two-dimensional motion capture system would be useful for visualization of the interventional effects of SST, which would supplement assessments by the conventional observational strategies.

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Face recognition in patients with autism spectrum disorders

Yosuke Kita, Masumi Inagaki

Brain and Nerve 64 ( 7 ) 821 - 830 2012.07

Accepted, ISSN 1881-6096

The present study aimed to review previous research conducted on face recognition in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Face recognition is a key question in the ASD research field because it can provide clues for elucidating the neural substrates responsible for the social impairment of these patients. Historically, behavioral studies have reported low performance and/or unique strategies of face recognition among ASD patients. However, the performance and strategy of ASD patients is comparable to those of the control group, depending on the experimental situation or developmental stage, suggesting that face recognition of ASD patients is not entirely impaired. Recent brain function studies, including event-related potential and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, have investigated the cognitive process of face recognition in ASD patients, and revealed impaired function in the brain's neural network comprising the fusiform gyrus and amygdala. This impaired function is potentially involved in the diminished preference for faces, and in the atypical development of face recognition, eliciting symptoms of unstable behavioral characteristics in these patients. Additionally, face recognition in ASD patients is examined from a different perspective, namely self-face recognition, and facial emotion recognition. While the former topic is intimately linked to basic social abilities such as self-other discrimination, the latter is closely associated with mentalizing. Further research on face recognition in ASD patients should investigate the connection between behavioral and neurological specifics in these patients, by considering developmental changes and the spectrum clinical condition of ASD.

Effectiveness of Social Skills Training for Children with Developmental Disorders: Behavioral Analysis Using a Two-Dimensional Motion Capture System

Sakuma Ryusuke, Gunji Atsuko, Goto Takaaki, Kita Yosuke, Koike Toshihide, Kaga Makiko, Inagaki Masumi

NO TO HATTATSU (The Japanese Society of Child Neurology) 44 ( 4 ) 320 - 326 2012

Accepted, ISSN 0029-0831

The current study sought to develop a new behavioral analysis methods to evaluate the effects of social skills training (SST). SST is known to be an effective method to improve the social skills of children with behavioral problems. However, current evaluation methods involve behavioral rating scales that are heavily dependent on evaluators' particular experiences they have had. To quantitatively examine the behavioral effects of SST, we examined subjects' head-movements related to social behavior, using a two-dimensional motion capture system (Kissei Comtec, Japan).<br> Four children (three male, one female, 7-8 years of age) with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) participated in 16 sessions of SST. Before and after SST, head-coordinates on a two-dimensional plane were calculated using their behavior during a pair task, measured by four digital cameras.<br> After SST, the number of communication behaviors was increased compared to before SST. In addition, children looked longer at another child within 30 degrees of the central visual field. Time-series analysis of the visual field during the detection of another child revealed significant auto-correlation from about -1.12 second. before to the beginning of communication behavior (p<0.05).<br> The results suggested that our method can provide a quantitative index of characteristics related to skilled social behaviors. We conclude that a two-dimensional motion capture system would be useful for visualization of the interventional effects of SST, which would supplement assessments by the conventional observational strategies.

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豊かな出産体験が母親の養育態度と学童期における子どもの行動に与える影響

鈴木浩太, 北洋輔, 井上祐紀, 加我牧子, 三砂ちづる, 竹原健二, 稲垣真澄

脳と発達 44 368 - 373 2012

Accepted

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Developmental changes in rapid automatized naming and Hiragana reading of Japanese elementary school children

Tomoka Kobayashi, Masumi Inagaki, Atsuko Gunji, Kiyomi Yatabe, Yosuke Kita, Makiko Kaga, Takaaki Gotoh, Toshihide Koike

No To Hattatsu 43 ( 6 ) 465 - 470 2011.11

Accepted, ISSN 0029-0831

Two hundred and seven Japanese elementary school children aged from 6 (Grade 1) to 12 (Grade 6) years old were tested for their abilities to name numbers and pictured objects along with reading Hiragana characters and words. These children all showed typical development and their classroom teachers judged that they were not having any problems with reading or writing. The children were randomly divided into two groups, the first group was assigned to two naming tasks
the rapid automatized naming (RAN) of "numbers" and "pictured objects," the second group was assigned to two rapid alternative stimulus (RAS) naming tasks using numbers and pictured objects. All children were asked to perform two reading tasks that were written in Hiragana script : single mora reading task and four syllable word reading task. The total articulation time for naming and reading and performance in terms of accuracy were measured for each task. Developmental changes in these variables were evaluated. The articulation time was significantly longer for the first graders, and it gradually shortened as they moved through to the upper grades in all tasks. The articulation time reached a plateau in the 5th grade for the number naming, while gradual change continued after drastic change in the lower grades for the pictured object naming. The articulation times for the single mora reading and RAN of numbers correlated strongly. The articulation time for the RAS naming was significantly longer compared to that for the RAN, though there were very few errors. The RAS naming showed the highest correlation with the four syllable word reading. This study demonstrated that the performance in rapid automatized naming of numbers and pictures were closely related with performance on reading tasks. Thus Japanese children with reading disorders such as developmental dyslexia should also be evaluated for rapid automatized naming.

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Developmental changes in rapid automatized naming and Hiragana reading of Japanese elementary school children

Tomoka Kobayashi, Masumi Inagaki, Atsuko Gunji, Kiyomi Yatabe, Yosuke Kita, Makiko Kaga, Takaaki Gotoh, Toshihide Koike

No To Hattatsu (The Japanese Society of Child Neurology) 43 ( 6 ) 465 - 470 2011.11

Accepted, ISSN 0029-0831

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学習障害児の脳機能発達性読み書き障害児の非侵襲的脳機能評価

稲垣真澄, 小林朋佳, 北洋輔, 山崎広子, 矢田部清美, 加我牧子

臨床神経生理学 ((一社)日本臨床神経生理学会) 39 ( 5 ) 347 - 347 2011.10

ISSN 1345-7101

Self-face recognition in children with autism spectrum disorders: A near-infrared spectroscopy study

Yosuke Kita, Atsuko Gunji, Yuki Inoue, Takaaki Goto, Kotoe Sakihara, Makiko Kaga, Masumi Inagaki, Toru Hosokawa

BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV) 33 ( 6 ) 494 - 503 2011.06

Accepted, ISSN 0387-7604

It is assumed that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have specificities for self-face recognition, which is known to be a basic cognitive ability for social development. In the present study, we investigated neurological substrates and potentially influential factors for self-face recognition of ASD patients using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The subjects were 11 healthy adult men, 13 normally developing boys, and 10 boys with ASD. Their hemodynamic activities in the frontal area and their scanning strategies (eye-movement) were examined during self-face recognition. Other factors such as ASD severities and self-consciousness were also evaluated by parents and patients, respectively. Oxygenated hemoglobin levels were higher in the regions corresponding to the right inferior frontal gyrus than in those corresponding to the left inferior frontal gyrus. In two groups of children these activities reflected ASD severities, such that the more serious ASD characteristics corresponded with lower activity levels. Moreover, higher levels of public self-consciousness intensified the activities, which were not influenced by the scanning strategies. These findings suggest that dysfunction in the right inferior frontal gyrus areas responsible for self-face recognition is one of the crucial neural substrates underlying ASD characteristics, which could potentially be used to evaluate psychological aspects such as public self-consciousness. (C) 2010 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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