慶應義塾研究者情報データベース

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• Pre-movement muscle co-contraction associated with motor performance deterioration under high reward conditions

  Senta N., Ushiba J., Takemi M.

  Scientific Reports 14 （ 1 ）  2024年12月

  　概要を見る

  Reward usually enhances task performance, but exceptionally large rewards can impede performance due to psychological pressure. In this study, we investigated motor activity changes in high-reward situations and identified indicators for performance decline. Fourteen healthy adults practiced a velocity-dependent right-hand motor task for three days, followed by a test day with varying monetary reward for each trial. Participants were divided into low performers (LPs) and high performers (HPs) according to whether success rate decreased or increased, respectively, on the highest reward trials compared to lower reward trials. Both LPs and HPs demonstrated increased hand velocity during higher reward trials, but only LPs exhibited a significant increase in velocity variance. There was also a negative correlation between the pre-movement co-contraction index (CCI) of the biceps and triceps muscles and success rate on the highest reward trials. This correlation was confirmed in a second experiment with 12 newly recruited participants, suggesting that pre-movement CCI is a marker for performance decline caused by high reward. These findings suggest that interventions to reduce pre-movement CCI such as biofeedback training could be useful for preventing the paradoxical decline in motor performance associated with high rewards.

  • Access to Document (DOI)

• Theta oscillations in observers’ temporal cortex index postural instability of point-light displays

  Tia B., Takemi M., Pozzo T.

  Neuroscience 561   107 - 118 2024年11月

  ISSN  03064522

  　概要を見る

  This study investigates whether postural equilibration follows the same principles of motor resonance as goal-oriented actions, namely, whether an individual activates the same neuronal substrates when experiencing postural perturbation as when observing another individual in this condition. To address this question, we examined electroencephalographic dynamics while subjects observed point-light displays featuring an unstable human display, a stable human display, and their respective scrambled counterparts lacking shape information and biological motion. We focused on theta band (4–7 Hz), which is a fundamental frequency for modulating brain activity during challenging balance tasks and reflects postural stability monitoring. Rather than mirroring activity, our findings suggest an inhibitory response to postural instability. Theta event-related synchronization in the left temporal cortex was dampened for the unstable display as compared to its scramble counterpart and to the stable display. This low theta response coincided with an increase in left temporal-prefrontal connectivity, compatible with top-down inhibitory mechanisms. By contrast, the stronger theta response to the stable display as compared to the unstable one could be due to the difficulty of recognizing low-motion biological stimuli, or alternatively, to a facilitation of stimulus processing and strengthening of the mirroring response. The response facilitation for stable posture, coupled with a diminished response to the unstable display, could contribute to a broader mechanism mitigating postural threats and ensuring stable balance. Future investigations should leverage these findings to explore how posture-related responses correlate with perceptual and motor expertise, and to more clearly define these mechanisms during dynamic social interactions.

  • Access to Document (DOI)

• Posture-dependent modulation of marmoset cortical motor maps detected via rapid multichannel epidural stimulation

  Takemi M., Tia B., Kosugi A., Castagnola E., Ansaldo A., Ricci D., Fadiga L., Ushiba J., Iriki A.

  Neuroscience 560   263 - 271 2024年11月

  ISSN  03064522

  　概要を見る

  Recent neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies have suggested substantial short-term plasticity in the topographic maps of the primary motor cortex (M1). However, previous methods lack the temporal resolution to detect rapid modulation of these maps, particularly in naturalistic conditions. To address this limitation, we previously developed a rapid stimulation mapping procedure with implanted cortical surface electrodes. In this study, employing our previously established procedure, we examined rapid topographical changes in forelimb M1 motor maps in three awake male marmoset monkeys. The results revealed that although the hotspot (the location in M1 that elicited a forelimb muscle twitch with the lowest stimulus intensity) remained constant across postures, the stimulus intensity required to elicit the forelimb muscle twitch in the perihotspot region and the size of motor representations were posture-dependent. Hindlimb posture was particularly effective in inducing these modulations. The angle of the body axis relative to the gravitational vertical line did not alter the motor maps. These results provide a proof of concept that a rapid stimulation mapping system with chronically implanted cortical electrodes can capture the dynamic regulation of forelimb motor maps in natural conditions. Moreover, they suggest that posture is a crucial variable to be controlled in future studies of motor control and cortical plasticity. Further exploration is warranted into the neural mechanisms regulating forelimb muscle representations in M1 by the hindlimb sensorimotor state.

  • Access to Document (DOI)

• Two common issues in synchronized multimodal recordings with EEG: Jitter and latency

  Iwama S., Takemi M., Eguchi R., Hirose R., Morishige M., Ushiba J.

  Neuroscience Research 203   1 - 7 2024年06月

  ISSN  01680102

  　概要を見る

  Multimodal recording using electroencephalogram (EEG) and other biological signals (e.g., muscle activities, eye movement, pupil diameters, or body kinematics data) is ubiquitous in human neuroscience research. However, the precise time alignment of multiple data from heterogeneous sources (i.e., devices) is often arduous due to variable recording parameters of commercially available research devices and complex experimental setups. In this review, we introduced the versatility of a Lab Streaming Layer (LSL)-based application that can overcome two common issues in measuring multimodal data: jitter and latency. We discussed the issues of jitter and latency in multimodal recordings and the benefits of time-synchronization when recording with multiple devices. In addition, a computer simulation was performed to highlight how the millisecond-order jitter readily affects the signal-to-noise ratio of the electrophysiological outcome. Together, we argue that the LSL-based system can be used for research requiring precise time-alignment of datasets. Studies that detect stimulus-induced transient neural responses or test hypotheses regarding temporal relationships of different functional aspects with multimodal data would benefit most from LSL-based systems.

  • Access to Document (DOI)

• Behavioral and physiological fatigue-related factors influencing timing and force control learning in pianists

  Takemi M., Akahoshi M., Ushiba J., Furuya S.

  Scientific Reports 13 （ 1 ）  2023年12月

  　概要を見る

  Optimizing the training regimen depending on neuromuscular fatigue is crucial for the well-being of professionals intensively practicing motor skills, such as athletes and musicians, as persistent fatigue can hinder learning and cause neuromuscular injuries. However, accurate assessment of fatigue is challenging because of the dissociation between subjective perception and its impact on motor and cognitive performance. To address this issue, we investigated the interplay between fatigue and learning development in 28 pianists during three hours of auditory-motor training, dividing them into two groups subjected to different resting conditions. Changes in behavior and muscle activity during training were measured to identify potential indicators capable of detecting fatigue before subjective awareness. Our results indicate that motor learning and fatigue development are independent of resting frequency and timing. Learning indices, such as reduction in force and timing errors throughout training, did not differ between the groups. No discernible distinctions emerged in fatigue-related behavioral and physiological indicators between the groups. Regression analysis revealed that several fatigue-related indicators, such as tapping speed variability and electromyogram amplitude per unit force, could explain the learning of timing and force control. Our findings suggest the absence of a universal resting schedule for optimizing auditory-motor learning.

  • Access to Document (DOI)

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• 体性感覚誘発電位ニューロフィードバックによる感覚運動機能の増強

  2024年04月

  -

  2027年03月

  武見 充晃, 基盤研究(C), 補助金,  研究代表者

• 身体状態に基づいて練習量を調整する運動学習支援システムの確立

  2022年04月

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  2024年03月

  文部科学省・日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 武見 充晃, 若手研究, 補助金,  研究代表者

• 運動学習過程における連続失敗：その機能的意義の解明と操作

  2020年04月

  -

  2022年03月

  文部科学省・日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 武見 充晃, 若手研究, 補助金,  研究代表者

担当授業科目 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

担当授業科目 【 表示 ／ 非表示 】

• 生命系の数学

  2024年度

• 基礎システム制御論

  2024年度