Mineshima, Koji

写真a

Affiliation

Faculty of Letters, Department of Humanities and Social Science (Philosophy) ( Mita )

Position

Professor
Scopus Paper Info  
Paper Count: 68 Citation Count: 547 h-index: 13

Click to view the Scopus page. The data was downloaded from Scopus API in April 05, 2026, via http://api.elsevier.com and http://www.scopus.com .

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Papers 【 Display / hide 】

  • Abductive Reasoning with Syllogistic Forms in Large Language Models

    Abe H., Ando R., Morishita T., Ozeki K., Mineshima K., Okada M.

    Lecture Notes in Computer Science 15504 LNCS   3 - 17 2025

    ISSN  03029743

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    Research in AI using Large-Language Models (LLMs) is rapidly evolving, and the comparison of their performance with human reasoning has become a key concern. Prior studies have indicated that LLMs and humans share similar biases, such as dismissing logically valid inferences that contradict common beliefs. However, criticizing LLMs for these biases might be unfair, considering our reasoning not only involves formal deduction but also abduction, which draws tentative conclusions from limited information. Abduction can be regarded as the inverse form of syllogism in its basic structure, that is, a process of drawing a minor premise from a major premise and conclusion. This paper explores the accuracy of LLMs in abductive reasoning by converting a syllogistic dataset into one suitable for abduction. It aims to investigate whether the state-of-the-art LLMs exhibit biases in abduction and to identify potential areas for improvement, emphasizing the importance of contextualized reasoning beyond formal deduction. This investigation is vital for advancing the understanding and application of LLMs in complex reasoning tasks, offering insights into bridging the gap between machine and human cognition.

  • Is Partial Linguistic Information Sufficient for Discourse Connective Disambiguation? A Case Study of Concession

    Sato T., Kubota A., Mineshima K.

    Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics 4   977 - 990 2025

    ISSN  0736587X

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    Discourse relations are sometimes explicitly conveyed by specific connectives. However, some connectives can signal multiple discourse relations; in such cases, disambiguation is necessary to determine which relation is intended. This task is known as discourse connective disambiguation (Pitler and Nenkova, 2009), and particular attention is often given to connectives that can convey both CONCESSION and other relations (e.g., SYNCHRONOUS). In this study, we conducted experiments to analyze which linguistic features play an important role in the disambiguation of polysemous connectives in Japanese. A neural language model (BERT) was fine-tuned using inputs from which specific linguistic features (e.g., word order, specific lexicon, etc.) had been removed. We analyzed which linguistic features affect disambiguation by comparing the model’s performance. Our results show that even after performing drastic removal, such as deleting one of the two arguments that constitute the discourse relation, the model’s performance remained relatively robust. However, the removal of certain lexical items or words belonging to specific lexical categories significantly degraded disambiguation performance, highlighting their importance in identifying the intended discourse relation.

  • Building a Large Dataset of Human-Generated Captions for Science Diagrams

    Sato Y., Suzuki A., Mineshima K.

    Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics 14981 LNAI   393 - 401 2024

    ISSN  03029743

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    Human-generated captions for photographs, particularly snapshots, have been extensively collected in recent AI research. They play a crucial role in the development of systems capable of multimodal information processing that combines vision and language. Recognizing that diagrams may serve a distinct function in thinking and communication compared to photographs, we shifted our focus from snapshot photographs to diagrams. We provided humans with text-free diagrams and collected data on the captions they generated. The diagrams were sourced from AI2D-RST, a subset of AI2D. This subset annotates the AI2D image dataset of diagrams from elementary school science textbooks with types of diagrams. We mosaicked all textual elements within the diagram images to ensure that human annotators focused solely on the diagram’s visual content when writing a sentence about what the image expresses. For the 831 images in our dataset, we obtained caption data from at least three individuals per image. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset is the first collection of caption data specifically for diagrams.

  • Exploring Reasoning Biases in Large Language Models Through Syllogism: Insights from the NeuBAROCO Dataset

    Ozeki K., Ando R., Morishita T., Abe H., Mineshima K., Okada M.

    Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics    16063 - 16077 2024

    ISSN  0736587X

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    This paper explores the question of how accurately current large language models can perform logical reasoning in natural language, with an emphasis on whether these models exhibit reasoning biases similar to humans. Specifically, our study focuses on syllogistic reasoning, a form of deductive reasoning extensively studied in cognitive science as a natural form of human reasoning. We present a syllogism dataset called NeuBAROCO, which consists of syllogistic reasoning problems in English and Japanese. This dataset was originally designed for psychological experiments to assess human reasoning capabilities using various forms of syllogisms. Our experiments with leading large language models indicate that these models exhibit reasoning biases similar to humans, along with other error tendencies. Notably, there is significant room for improvement in reasoning problems where the relationship between premises and hypotheses is neither entailment nor contradiction. We also present experimental results and in-depth analysis using a new Chain-of-Thought prompting method, which asks LLMs to translate syllogisms into abstract logical expressions and then explain their reasoning process. Our analysis using this method suggests that the primary limitations of LLMs lie in the reasoning process itself rather than the interpretation of syllogisms.

  • Can Machines and Humans Use Negation When Describing Images?

    Sato Y., Mineshima K.

    Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics 14522 LNCS   39 - 47 2024

    ISSN  03029743

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    Can negation be depicted? It has been claimed in various areas, including philosophy, cognitive science, and AI, that depicting negation through visual expressions such images and pictures is challenging. Recent empirical findings have shown that humans can indeed understand certain images as expressing negation, whereas this ability is not exhibited by machine learning models trained on image data. To elucidate the computational ability underlying the understanding of negation in images, this study first focuses on the image captioning task, specifically the performance of models pre-trained on large linguistic and image datasets for generating text from images. Our experiment demonstrates that a state-of-the-art model achieves some success in generating consistent captions from images, particularly in photographs rather than illustrations. However, when it comes to generating captions containing negation from images, the model is not as proficient as humans. To further investigate the performance of machine learning models in a more controlled setting, we conducted an additional analysis using a Visual Question Answering (VQA) task. This task enables us to specify where in the image the model should focus its attention when answering a question. As a result of this setting, the model’s performance was improved. These results will shed light on the disparities in the attentional focus between humans and machine learning models.

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Papers, etc., Registered in KOARA 【 Display / hide 】

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Reviews, Commentaries, etc. 【 Display / hide 】

  • Preface

    Yada K., Takama Y., Mineshima K., Satoh K.

    Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics 13856 LNAI   v - vi 2023

    ISSN  03029743

  • Preface

    Okazaki N., Yada K., Satoh K., Mineshima K.

    Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics 12758 LNAI   v - vi 2021

    ISSN  03029743

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Research Projects of Competitive Funds, etc. 【 Display / hide 】

  • Interdisciplinary research on reasoning based on a unified perspective of logic and deep learning

    2024.04
    -
    2028.03

    基盤研究(B), Principal investigator

  • 証明論と型理論に基づく自然言語の形式意味論の新しい枠組み

    2021.04
    -
    2024.03

    MEXT,JSPS, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Principal investigator

  • 証明論と図形論理の手法に基づく自然言語推論の統合的分析

    2017.04
    -
    2022.03

    MEXT,JSPS, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists , Principal investigator

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Courses Taught 【 Display / hide 】

  • INTENSIVE SEMINAR: PHILOSOPHY 1

    2026

  • RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE ARTS AND HUMANITIES 2

    2026

  • INTENSIVE SEMINAR: PHILOSOPHY 3

    2026

  • INTENSIVE SEMINAR: PHILOSOPHY 2

    2026

  • CONTEMPORARY LOGIC ISSUES 1

    2026

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