Details of a Researcher - Kasuya, Taiga

Papers - Kasuya, Taiga

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A new record of Amanita sinocitrina from Japan and a description of its ectomycorrhizae associated with Japanese red pine

Naoki Endo, Mitsuyo Nishimura, Taiga Kasuya, Ryo Sugawara, Kosuke Nagamune, Shuji Ushijima, Yoshihiro Takemura, Dai Nagamatsu, Akira Nakagiri

Mycoscience 66 ( 2 ) 145 - 154 2025.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Exobasidium setsutaiense sp. nov. (Exobasidiaceae) causing leaf blister on Rhododendron semibarbatum in Japan

Hideyuki Nagao, Takamichi Orihara, Taiga Kasuya

Phytotaxa (Magnolia Press) 684 78 - 92 2025.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

Novel tetrapeptides, Tengupeptins A and B, produced by Lecanicillium aphanocladii FKI-9593 fungal strain

Hiroki Kojima, Yoshihiro Watanabe, Mayuka Higo, Taiga Kasuya, Kenichi Nonaka, Masato Iwatsuki, Akihiro Sugawara

Chemistry & Biodiversity 2024 ( 0 ) e202403050 2024.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

The discovery of novel natural products through the exploration of distinctmicroorganisms is crucial for advancing drug discovery research. In this study, we focus on a unique environmental resource, microbial masses known as “Tengu-no-Mugimeshi.” From the culture broth of Lecanicillium aphanocladii FKI-9593, isolated from Tengu-no-Mugimeshi collected at Mount Kurohime, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, we report the isolation of two novel tetrapeptides, tengupeptins A (1) and B (2), as well as the known compound oosporein. Structural analysis revealed that tengupeptins are composed of four amino acids: L-glutamic acid for 1 (or L-pyroglutamic acid for 2), (Z)-α,β-didehydro tryptophan (ΔZTrp), (Z)-α,β-didehydro-phenylalanine (ΔZPhe), and L-aspartic acid. Notably, dehydroamino acids containing an aromatic moiety conjugated with a double bond connected via two or more consecutive linkages are rare in natural products, and the ΔZTrp-ΔZPhe fragment represents the first example. The isolation of secondary metabolites from filamentous fungi inhabiting unique environments, such as Tengu-no-Mugimeshi, is anticipated to offer significant potential for future research.

Isolation of Exobasidium vexans from the lesions of blister blight of tea and the prevalence of anamorphic structures in culture

Hideyuki Nagao, Takamichi Orihara, Taiga Kasuya

Tea Research Journal 138 23 - 31 2024.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

DNA barcoding of Pleurotus cyatheae, an “extinct” mushroom species from Japan

Kentaro Hosaka, Kyung-Ok Nam, Taiga Kasuya

Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B (Botany) 50 ( 2 ) 41 - 49 2024.05

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

A new distributional record of Elaphomyces fuscus from Japan: as a new host of Tolypocladium japonicum

Taiga Kasuya, Ei Kawahara, Kentaro Hosaka

Truffology 7 1 - 8 2024.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author, Accepted

Marasmius macrocystidiosus (Agaricales, Marasmiaceae), new to Japan

Takashi Maruyama, Taiga Kasuya

Japanese Journal of Mycology 65 1 - 8 2024.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

Access to Document (DOI)

Gymnosporangium mori comb. nov. (Pucciniales) for Caeoma mori (≡ Aecidium mori) inferred from phylogenetic evidence

Taiga Kasuya, Kentaro Hosaka, Jing-Xin Ji, Makoto Kakishima

Mycoscience 65 79 - 85 2024.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author, Accepted

Caeoma mori (≡ Aecidium mori), known as the mulberry rust which is an anamorphic rust fungus forming only aecidioid uredinia, were found on Morus alba in Ibaraki and Saitama Prefectures, Japan. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using the combined dataset of sequences from 28S and 18S of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene and Cytochrome-c-oxidase subunit 3 of the mitochondrial DNA revealed that this anamorphic rust fungus was a member of the clade composed of the genus Gymnosporangium. Therefore, a new combination, Gymnosporangium mori is proposed for this species. Additionally, a new combination, G. brucense for Roestelia brucensis is proposed by phylogenetic evidence.

A list of macromycetes on the grounds of Ibaraki Nature Museum -an addendum-

Kitazawa H, Makino J, Shindo N, Imamura K, Inaba Y, Kasuya T, Uzawa M

Bulletin of Ibaraki Nature Museum ( 26 ) 63 - 86 2023.12

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted

Russula granulata new to Japan, collected in mixed subalpine forests of Nagano Prefecture

Yosihto Shimono, Taiga Kasuya, Yosuke Matsuda

Japanese Journal of Mycology 64 67 - 77 2023.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Access to Document (DOI)

放送大学の面接授業としての野外体験活動－地域の自然誌をテーマにして－

Takeyuki Ueki, Taiga Kasuya

日本生涯教育学会論集 44 95 - 104 2023.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

First report of a subhypogeous basidiomycete, Scleroderma yunnanense (Boletales) from Japan

Taiga Kasuya, Kazumasa Imai, Kentaro Hosaka

Truffology 6 1 - 6 2023.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author, Accepted

A subhypogeous sclerodermataceous fungus was collected in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, central Japan. Based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses using nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, the present fungus was identified as Scleroderma yunnanense, belonging to Sclerodermataceae (Boletales). Scleroderma yunnanense is new to Japan and characterized by not stellately dehiscent basidiomata when mature, thick (2–7 mm) peridium covered by cream to pale yellowish scales, basidiomata covered with whitish mycelial strands, clamped hyphae, and globose to subglobose basidiospores densely covered with pyramidal warts.

Hydropodia silvae-nipponicae (Porotheleaceae), a new species from evergreen broad-leaved forests in Japan

Taiga Kasuya, Reiichiro Kaneko, Seiji Takehashi, Kentaro Hosaka

Mycoscience 64 116 - 122 2023.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Lead author, Corresponding author

Hydropodia silvae-nipponicae, a new agaric species was described based on the specimens collected from evergreen broad-leaved forests in Japan. The present new species is distinct from H. subalpina, the type species of the genus by morphological characteristics and nuclear rDNA sequences. Hydropodia silvae-nipponicae is characterized by its nodulose cystidium-like terminal elements of pileipellis, cylindrical to clavate pileocystidia with irregular excrescences, and dimorphic pleurocystidia. It is the second species belonging to the genus Hydropodia.

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Bryoperdon acuminatum (Lycoperdaceae), a new record for Japan

Taiga Kasuya, Yurino Nakajima, Ei Kawahara, Kentaro Hosaka

Japanese Journal of Mycology 64 15 - 21 2023.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author, Accepted

Access to Document (DOI)

Fossilized spores of macrofungi extracted from peat in subalpine zone of Mt. Hakusan

Ei Kawahara, Taiga Kasuya, Norimasa Toga, Riko Goto

Annual Report of Hakusan Nature Conservation Center 49 1 - 5 2023.03

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work

Flammulina fennae (Agaricales, Physalacriaceae), new to Japan

Takashi Maruyama, Taiga Kasuya

Japanese Journal of Mycology 63 ( 2 ) 39 - 48 2022.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Last author, Accepted

Puccinia caricis-smilacis, a new caricicolous rust fungus producing spermogonial and aecial stages on Smilax china in Japan

Taiga Kasuya, Kentaro Hosaka, Makoto Kakishima

Mycoscience (The Mycological Society of Japan) 63 ( 5 ) 235 - 241 2022.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Lead author, Corresponding author, Accepted, ISSN 13403540

Two species of Melanoleuca, M. alboflavida and M. griseobrunnea new to Japan

Taiga Kasuya, Takashi Maruyama, Kentaro Hosaka

Japanese Journal of Mycology 63 5 - 15 2022.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Lead author, Corresponding author, Accepted

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Taxonomic revision of the Typhula ishikariensis complex

Tamotsu Hoshino, Oleg B. Tkachenko, Motoaki Tojo, Anne Marte Tronsmo, Taiga Kasuya, Naoyuki Matsumoto

Mycoscience 63 ( 3 ) 118 - 130 2022.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted

Scleroderma capeverdeanum, a subhypogeous fungus new to Japan, collected from the Eucalyptus plantation in Ibaraki Prefecture

Taiga Kasuya, Mihoko Uzawa, Kentaro Hosaka

Truffology 5 ( 1 ) 23 - 32 2022.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Lead author, Corresponding author, Accepted

A subhypogeous sclerodermataceous fungus was collected in the Eucalyptus plantation of Ibaraki Prefecture, central Japan. Based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses using nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, the present fungus was identified as Scleroderma capeverdeanum, belonging to Sclerodermataceae (Boletales). Scleroderma capeverdeanum is new to Japan and characterized by small-sized (4–10 mm in diam.), sessile basidiomata, yellowish to yellowish brown exoperidium with brownish, areolate to verrucose scales, and echinulate basidiospores. Japanese specimens of S. capeverdearnum are probably associated with introduced E. globulus, and therefore they are most likely exotic species introduced from Australia.

Revisiting Hebeloma (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales) in Japan: four species recombined into other genera but three new species discovered

Ursula Eberhardt, Nicole Schütz, Peter Bartlett, Kentaro Hosaka, Taiga Kasuya, Henry J. Beker

Mycological Progress 21 447 - 472 2022.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Here, we present the results of studies of Japanese Hebeloma collections. The four species described by Imai as Hebeloma (H. fimicola, H. helvolescens, H. humosum, and H. tomoeae) are not from the genus Hebeloma, but are members of Agrocybe, Homophron, or Pholiota. Recombinations are made. Hebeloma crustuliniforme f. microspermum, described by Hongo, is a synonym of H. nanum. Three species of Hebeloma are described as new to science, all currently known only from Japan. Two of these species, H. asperosporum and H. cinnamomeum, are members of H. sect. Denudata while the third species H. citrisporum belongs to H. sect. Velutipes. Japanese records of H. cavipes, H. eburneum, H. hygrophilum, H. subtortum, and H. velutipes are validated. In total, fifteen species of Hebeloma are confirmed from Japan; this is compared with previous checklists.

Gymnopus densilamellatus (Agaricales, Omphalotaceae), new to Japan

Maruyama T, Kasuya T

Japanese Journal of Mycology 62 ( 2 ) 101 - 109 2021.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Last author, Accepted, ISSN 0029-0289

Access to Document (DOI)

Lecanicillium aphanocladii isolated from Tengu-no-Mugimeshi found in Mount Kurohime, Nagano Prefecture, central Japan

Mayuka Higo, Hiroki Kojima, Masato Iwatsuki, Tomotaka Tanabe, Takashi Yaguchi, Toru Okuda, Taiga Kasuya, Ken-ichi Nonaka

Microbial Resources and Systematics 37 ( 1 ) 1 - 12 2021.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Reviewing the world's edible mushroom species: A new evidence-based classification system

Li H., Tian Y., Menolli N., Ye L., Karunarathna S.C., Perez-Moreno J., Rahman M.M., Rashid M.H., Phengsintham P., Rizal L., Kasuya T., Lim Y.W., Dutta A.K., Khalid A.N., Huyen L.T., Balolong M.P., Baruah G., Madawala S., Thongklang N., Hyde K.D., Kirk P.M., Xu J., Sheng J., Boa E., Mortimer P.E.

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety (Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety) 20 1982 - 2014 2021.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

© 2021 Institute of Food Technologists® Wild mushrooms are a vital source of income and nutrition for many poor communities and of value to recreational foragers. Literature relating to the edibility of mushroom species continues to expand, driven by an increasing demand for wild mushrooms, a wider interest in foraging, and the study of traditional foods. Although numerous case reports have been published on edible mushrooms, doubt and confusion persist regarding which species are safe and suitable to consume. Case reports often differ, and the evidence supporting the stated properties of mushrooms can be incomplete or ambiguous. The need for greater clarity on edible species is further underlined by increases in mushroom-related poisonings. We propose a system for categorizing mushroom species and assigning a final edibility status. Using this system, we reviewed 2,786 mushroom species from 99 countries, accessing 9,783 case reports, from over 1,100 sources. We identified 2,189 edible species, of which 2,006 can be consumed safely, and a further 183 species which required some form of pretreatment prior to safe consumption or were associated with allergic reactions by some. We identified 471 species of uncertain edibility because of missing or incomplete evidence of consumption, and 76 unconfirmed species because of unresolved, differing opinions on edibility and toxicity. This is the most comprehensive list of edible mushrooms available to date, demonstrating the huge number of mushrooms species consumed. Our review highlights the need for further information on uncertain and clash species, and the need to present evidence in a clear, unambiguous, and consistent manner.

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Russula ryukokuensis sp. nov., an Outstanding Species of the Genus Russula (Russulaceae) Having Minute Basidiomata from Japan

Yoshito Shimono, Taiga Kasuya, Kentaro Hosaka

Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B (Botany) 47 ( 1 ) 1 - 12 2021.02

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted

Variation of Petal Forms of Saxifraga stolonifera f. aptera in Mount Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan

Taiga Kasuya, Kouko Obara, Motohiro Umeuchi, Ayano Ito, Kazuo Obata

Bulletin of Ibaraki Nature Museum ( 23 ) 1 - 12 2020.12

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Accepted

Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on basidiomycete fungi in sandy coasts of Japan

KASUYA Taiga

Japanese Journal of Mycology (The Mycological Society of Japan) 61 ( 2 ) 45 - 61 2020.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Accepted, ISSN 0029-0289

Ecosystems of sandy coasts play an important role to the intersection between ocean and land, and sandy coasts fulfill valuable, different ecosystem functions. Sandy coasts have several protective elements as buffers of land against storm, salt spray, wave attack and erosion of the hinterland, and they provide a unique habitat for flora and fauna. Mycobiota of basidiomycete fungi in sandy coasts also seems to be unique though it is not comprehensively investigated in the world with a few exceptions in Europe and South America. Recently, rapid decreasing of naturally vegetated sandy coasts arises in the world, and conservation of sandy coasts ecosystems is highly required. Investigations of mycobiota in sandy coasts are important to attempt conservation of their ecosystems and biodiversity. In this review, taxonomy and phylogeny of Geastrales, Phallales and Agaricales fungi such as Geastrum, Phallus, Gastrosporium and Typhula species inhabiting in Japanese sandy coasts were presented, and their diversity and biogeographic implications were discussed.

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Gymnosporangium raphiolepidis comb. nov. (Pucciniales) for Aecidium raphiolepidis inferred from phylogenetic evidence

Taiga Kasuya, Kentaro Hosaka, Makoto Kakishima

Phytotaxa (Phytotaxa) 460 ( 1 ) 110 - 114 2020.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 11793155

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Rooting Hebelomas: The Japanese ‘Hebeloma radicosum’ is a distinct species, Hebeloma sagarae sp. nov. (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales)

Eberhardt U., Beker H. J., Schuetz, N., Mikami M., Kasuya T.

Phytotaxa (Phytotaxa) 456 ( 2 ) 125 - 144 2020.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 11793155

Hebeloma radicosum, known for its long ‘root’ and membranous ring, has regularly been recorded in Japan and been the subject of many studies revolving around ectomycorrhizal fungi exposed to high levels of nitrogen compounds and tripartite associations between fungi, host trees and mammals, including moles, wood mice and shrews. However, the species recorded in Japan is in fact not H. radicosum but a closely related species, also in Hebeloma section Myxocybe, described here as Hebeloma sagarae. This mushroom is macroscopically very similar to Hebeloma radicosum, also with a long ‘root’ and membranous ring, but distinct molecularly and in its distribution. We also examine other ‘rooting’ Hebeloma species from Japan: H. luchuense and H. radicosoides; both are shown to be members of H. sect. Scabrispora. A fourth ‘rooting’ Hebeloma from Japan is shown to be the same as or a close relative of Hebeloma danicum originally described from Europe.

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The surveys and current distribution of endangered or “extinct” sequestrate fungi appeared in the Japanese Red Lists

Takamichi Orihara, Kentaro Hosaka, Kohei Yamamoto, Muneyuki Ohmae, Sota Hatakeyama, Taiga Kasuya

Truffology 3 ( 1 ) 17 - 27 2020.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

A new species of Gastrosporium (Phallales) from coastal sand dunes of Ibaraki Prefecture, central Japan

Taiga Kasuya, Shota Hanawa, Kentaro Hosaka

Truffology 3 ( 1 ) 9 - 16 2020.03

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

Fungal Planet description sheets: 868–950

P.W. Crous, A.J. Carnegie, M.J. Wingfield, R. Sharma, G. Mughini, M.E. Noordeloos, Taiga Kasuya (68th), et al.

Persoonia 42 291 - 473 2019.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0031-5850

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A preliminary report on morphology of fossil Annulohypoxylon (Ascomycota) yielded from the Osaka Group, Southwest Japan

Taiga Kasuya, Yusuke Arima, Arata Momohara

University Bulletin of Chiba Institute of Science 12 187 - 192 2019.02

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted

Effect of hyphal growth-depression of Saprolegnia spp. pseudofungi by The Third Water

Taiga Kasuya, Yumi Kitajima, Takeshi Kohama

University Bulletin of Chiba Institute of Science 12 193 - 197 2019.02

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted

A new species of Tricholosporum (Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) from Liaoning Province of China

Jize Xu, Chunlan Zhang, Taiga Kasuya, Odeshnee Moodley, Bao Liu, Lei Gong, Yu Li

Phytotaxa (Phytotaxa) 374 ( 1 ) 63 - 70 2018.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 11793155

© 2018 Magnolia Press. Tricholosporum haitangshanum sp. nov. is described as a new species from China, based on morphological and molecular data. It is morphologically characterized by a yellowish ochre pileus, cruciate basidiospores and ampullaceous cystidia. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region supports that it belongs to Tricholosporum. Comparing it with phenotypically similar and molecular phylogenetically allied taxa concluded that it is a new species in Tricholosporum.

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Volvopluteus earlei (Agaricales, Pluteaceae), new to Japan

糟谷大河, 丸山隆史, 池田裕, 布施公幹, 保坂健太郎

日本菌学会会報 59 ( 2 ) 47‐52 2018.11

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0029-0289

Herpobasidium filicinum (Eocronartiaceae, Platygloeales) occurs on Dennstaedtia wilfordii (Dennstaedtiaceae) in Japan

Taiga Kasuya, Yoshitaka Ono

Mycoscience (Mycoscience) 59 ( 6 ) 443 - 448 2018.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 13403540

© 2018 The Mycological Society of Japan A fungus parasitic on a fern, Dennstaedtia wilfordii (Dennstaedtiaceae), was found at the foothill of Mt. Fuji, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. Its hyphae spread within host mesophyll cells and through intercellular spaces, forming coiled haustoria in the epidermal and mesophyll cells. The hyphae emerged either through stomata or by disrupting epidermal cell junctions. The hyphae spreading over the abaxial leaf surface generated one-septate, thin-walled basidia. All the morphological features observed were characteristic of the genus Herpobasidium. The species identification of the fungus as H. filicinum by morphology was supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit rRNA gene.

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Russula velenovskyi new to Japan, with phylogenetic implications of Russula species between Japanese subalpine forests and Northern Europe

Yoshito Shimono, Taiga Kasuya, Susumu Takamatsu

Mycoscience (Mycoscience) 59 ( 4 ) 288 - 293 2018.07

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 13403540

© 2017 The Mycological Society of Japan. To compare morphological characters and phylogenetic placement between Japanese and European Russula, 32 specimens of 12 species were collected from Japanese subalpine forests and Northern Europe. Several sequences of nrDNA ITS region (ITS) of these Russula species were obtained. High homological similarities were shown between ITS sequences of several Russula samples collected from Japanese subalpine forests, Europe and North America. These facts show distribution of the same Russula species among these areas. From morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses, two same Russula species, R. velenovskyi, and R. decolorans are found in Japan, Europe and North America. Of these, R. velenovskyi collected from Mt. Fuji, Mt. Nyukasa and Mt. Tateshina in mountainous area of central Honshu is reported as a new Japanese record.

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Distribution of Clinoconidium onumae, producing galls on shoot buds of Cinnamomum tenuifolium in Chiba Pref., Central Japan

糟谷大河, 浪川真奈

千葉科学大学紀要 ( 11 ) 57‐62 2018.02

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1882-3505

Puccinia neovelutina nom. nov., a replaced name for Aecidium elaeagni and its new aecial host from Japan

Makoto Kakishima, Jing Xin Ji, Taiga Kasuya

Phytotaxa (Phytotaxa) 336 ( 2 ) 197 - 200 2018.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 11793155

© 2018 Magnolia Press. The life cycle of the aecial stage of a rust fungus found on Elaeagnus umbellata var. rotundifolia in Chiba, Japan was clarified by inoculations. This rust fungus was morphologically identified as Puccinia velutina (anamorph: Aecidium elaeagni) alternating between Carex lenta and Elaeagnus species. This plant is a new host for this rust fungus. However, the current International Code of Nomenclature (ICN, Melbourne 2012) has abolished the distinction between “anamorph” and “teleomorph” names, and we propose a new name, P. neovelutina as a replaced name for A. elaeagni, because Puccinia elaeagni is a preoccupied available name. Its epitype specimen is designated.

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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa

Juan Carlos Zamora, Måns Svensson, Roland Kirschner, Ibai Olariaga, Svengunnar Ryman, Luis Alberto Parra, József Geml, Anna Rosling, Taiga Kasuya, et al.

IMA Fungus (IMA Fungus) 9 ( 1 ) 167 - 175 2018

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 22106340

© 2018 International Mycological Association. Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.

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Identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi in mole latrines based on fieldwork, morphological observations, and molecular phylogeny

糟谷大河, 三上愛, 橋屋誠, 保坂健太郎

富山県中央植物園研究報告 = Bulletin of the Botanic Gardens of Toyama (富山県中央植物園) ( 23 ) 19 - 37 2017.12

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1342-4297

Taxonomic Notes on Luminescent Mycena Species Recorded from Hitachiota, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan

糟谷大河, 佐々木大輔, 佐々木泰弘, 鵜沢美穂子

茨城県自然博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of Ibaraki Nature Museum (ミュージアムパーク茨城県自然博物館) ( 20 ) 47 - 50 2017.12

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1343-8921

Radiocesium concentration in fruit bodies of some wild mushrooms on Choshi, Chiba Pref. and its adjacent areas after the Fukushima No.1 nuclear power plant accident

糟谷大河, 大森茉耶, 大森茉耶, 保坂健太郎

千葉科学大学紀要 ( 10 ) 57‐65 2017.02

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1882-3505

First record of an endangered plant, Gentiana squarrosa in Choshi, Chiba Pref., Central Japan

小林一樹, 糟谷大河

千葉科学大学紀要 ( 10 ) 53‐56 2017.02

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1882-3505

A Review of Natural Environment around Mount Tsukuba and Lake Kasumigaura

八田珠郎, 植木岳雪, 糟谷大河, 小濱剛, 塚本浩司

千葉科学大学紀要 (千葉科学大学) ( 10 ) 121 - 141 2017.02

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1882-3505

筑波山周辺および霞ヶ浦の自然環境については，従来より数多くの研究に加えて，平易な解説や紹介がある．これらは，各分野における調査，分析に基づく専門的な学術論文や書籍等と一般向けに記述された文献とに大別される．本稿では，筑波山周辺地域の地形，地質，岩石，鉱物，気候，気象，植生，菌類および霞ヶ浦における環境変化に関して，一般向けから専門的な文献までを網羅するレビューを行った．これらの文献の精査は，今後，筑波山周辺および霞ヶ浦における調査あるいは研究を行う際に，きわめて有用と考えられる．

Gymnopilus decipiens (Agaricales) new to Japan, fruited around fumaroles in Hokkaido

KASUYA Taiga, HOSAKA Kentaro

Japanese Journal of Mycology (日本菌学会) 58 ( 1 ) 2017

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted

The present study reports the identification of a newly recorded species, Gymnopilus decipiens, in Japan, along with a description and illustration of its morphological characteristics （based on a specimen collected from Hokkaido）. The G. decipiens specimen collected from Hokkaido is characterized by its close proximity to fumaroles, which discharge highlyheated steam and volcanic gas, and its small basidiomata and mild taste. Maximum parsimony analysis of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer （ITS） region revealed that Japanese and Russian （Yakutsk） samples of G. decipiens possess identical ITS sequences, suggesting that G. decipiens is widely distributed throughout the subarctic region, including Siberia and Hokkaido.

茨城県新産3種の大型菌類

糟谷大河, 糟谷大河, 池側静華, 小林一樹, 岡山美千, 高井雅季

茨城県自然博物館研究報告 ( 19 ) 53‐57 2016.12

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1343-8921

Typhula maritima, a novel fungus identified in the coastal dunes of Honshu, Central Japan

糟谷大河, 下保有紀子, 下保敏和, 下保晴稜, 保坂健太郎

日本菌学会会報 57 ( 2 ) 85‐91 2016.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0029-0289

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Three species of Gymnopilus newly recorded in Japan

糟谷大河, 小林孝人, 黒川悦子, PHAM Hoang N. D., 保坂健太郎, 寺嶋芳江

日本菌学会会報 57 ( 1 ) 31‐45 2016.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0029-0289

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白山高山帯のホコリタケ属菌(担子菌門,ハラタケ科)

糟谷大河, 河原栄, 栂典雅, 保坂健太郎

石川県白山自然保護センター研究報告 42 23‐31 2016.03

Joint Work, ISSN 0286-8660

Mycobiota of macrofungi in Choshi, Chiba Pref., Central Japan-Results of the investigation during 2013-2015-

糟谷大河, 池田美紀, 小林一樹, 塙祥太, 三上愛, 御山右貴, 梅内基裕, 大森茉耶, 岡山美千

千葉科学大学紀要 ( 9 ) 43‐58 2016.02

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1882-3505

A case report of field excursion in central Ibaraki Prefecture for third-year undergraduate students

植木岳雪, 糟谷大河, 小濱剛, 手束聡子, 戸塚唯氏

千葉科学大学紀要 (千葉科学大学) ( 9 ) 195 - 205 2016.02

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1882-3505

千葉科学大学危機管理学部環境危機管理学科3年生の必修授業「野外調査法」は，自然科学のさまざまな分野の野外調査方法の基礎を習得するための実習である．2015年度の野外実習では，茨城県中部において，現成の海岸地形・堆積物，段丘地形・堆積物，森林植生・菌類，河川の水生昆虫の観察，しじみの養殖施設の見学，地表水・湧水の採水，ストーンペインティングを行った．学生は実習全体に満足し，分野横断型の実習内容を肯定的に評価したことから，今回の野外実習の教育的効果は高かったと思われる．The " Introduction of field survey " is a required practice for third-year undergraduate students of the Department of Environmental Risk and Crisis Management, Faculty of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, Japan. The practice aims to learn basic methods of field sciences. The practice in 2015 included topics of geology and geomorphology, forest and aquatic ecology, fisheries, chemical analysis, and science education. Students satisfied the entire program and showed a positive evaluation for the multidisciplinary contexts of practice.

Three Species of Agaricales, New Records from Ibaraki Prefecture

糟谷大河, 大森茉耶, 小林一樹

茨城県自然博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of Ibaraki Nature Museum (ミュージアムパーク茨城県自然博物館) ( 18 ) 53 - 56 2015.12

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1343-8921

A New Locality of Leucoagaricus viridiflavus in Japan

糟谷大河, 三上愛, 保坂健太郎

茨城県自然博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of Ibaraki Nature Museum (ミュージアムパーク茨城県自然博物館) ( 18 ) 33 - 38 2015.12

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1343-8921

Crinipellis dipterocarpi f. cinnamomea, new to Japan

糟谷大河, 塙祥太, 保坂健太郎

日本菌学会会報 (日本菌学会) 56 ( 2 ) 33 - 41 2015.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0029-0289

白山高山帯で新たに発見されたホコリヤグラタケ(Collybia cirrata)

KASUYA TAIGA, HOSAKA KENTARO, TOGA SUKEMASA

石川県白山自然保護センター研究報告 41 1 - 8 2015.03

Joint Work, ISSN 0286-8660

北海道東部の海浜から新たに発見されたアカダマスッポンタケ

KASUYA TAIGA, UCHIDA AKITOMO, HOSAKA KENTARO

知床博物館研究報告 ( 37 ) 13 - 19 2015.03

Joint Work, ISSN 0387-8716

Molecular phylogenetic position of Omphalotus japonicus growing on dead trees of Quercus serrata in the Hokuriku District, Central Japan

KASUYA TAIGA, HASHIYA MAKOTO, HOSAKA KENTARO

富山県中央植物園研究報告 ( 20 ) 7 - 14 2015.02

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1342-4297

Leucoagaricus viridiflavus (Agaricaceae), new to Japan

名部みち代, 糟谷大河, 保坂健太郎

日本菌学会会報 (日本菌学会) 55 ( 2 ) 35 - 40 2014.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0029-0289

Reexamination of Crepidotus crocophyllus (Basidiomycota, Fungi) in Japan, with reference to its phylogenetic placement

UNO Kunihiko, HOSAKA Kentaro, Taiga KASUYA, Kunihiko UNO, Kentaro HOSAKA

千葉科学大学紀要 (千葉科学大学) ( 7 ) 159 - 166 2014.02

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1882-3505

　Crepidotus crocophyllus, one of the most common species of the genus Crepidotus (Basidiomycota, Fungi)in Japan, were morphologically and phylogenetically reexamined based on the materials collected from Choshi, Chiba Prefecture, Central Japan. Morphologically, Japanese C. crocophyllus were well match with previous descriptions of the present species based on European and American materials. To reveal the phylogenetic placement of Japanese specimens of C. crocophyllus, molecular phylogenetic analysis of the present species were conducted. By maximum parsimony analysis of nuclear rRNA ITS region, materials of C. crocophyllus collected from Japan (Choshi, Chiba) and North America (USA) were placed within well-supported, different clades each other. The present analysis revealed for the first time that Japanese and North American specimens of C. crocophyllus are polyphyletic, and a taxonomic revision of the species tentatively identified as C. crocophyllus is therefore needed.

Additional Records of Lycoperdon ericaeum (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae) from Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, with Notes on Its Phylogenetic Placement

糟谷大河, 宇野邦彦, 保坂健太郎

茨城県自然博物館研究報告 (ミュージアムパーク茨城県自然博物館) ( 16 ) 43 - 49 2013.12

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1343-8921

Activity concentrations of radionuclides in lichens following the Fukushima nuclear accident

Yoshihito Ohmura, Kentaro Hosaka, Taiga Kasuya, Junichi P. Abe, Makoto Kakishima, Makoto Kakishima

Lichenologist 45 685 - 689 2013.09

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00242829

The activity concentration of 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs radionuclides in lichens was traced one and a half months after the Fukushima nuclear accident. The samples were collected in Tsukuba City, which is located c. 170 km south of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP). The activity concentrations differed depending on species and habitat. For example, the maximum activity concentration of 137Cs was 22596 Bq kg-1 dry weight in Physcia orientalis (collected from the trunk of Zelkova serrata on 30 June 2011), and 1928 Bq kg-1 in Hyperphyscia crocata (from the trunk of Quercus myrsinaefolia collected on 8 March 2012). The activity concentration of 137Cs in Dirinaria applanata and Phaeophyscia spinellosa growing on vertical habitats decreased by c. 50% within a year, indicating radionuclides might have been washed off by rain. The radionuclides were apparently derived from the Fukushima NPP accident because: 1) one specimen collected at the same place one year before the accident did not contain radionuclides, 2) high activity concentrations of radionuclides were detected after the accident, 3) 131I, which has a short half-life of 8 days, was detected one and a half months after the accident, and 4) the ratio of 134Cs/137Cs in lichens was 0·90-0·98 on 26 April 2011, which is consistent with the values reported for radiocesium from the Fukushima NPP accident. Copyright © British Lichen Society 2013.

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Phylogenetic placement of Geastrum melanocephalum and polyphyly of Geastrum triplex

Kasuya Taiga, Hosaka Kentaro, Uno Kunihiko, Kakishima Makoto

MYCOSCIENCE 53 ( 6 ) 411 - 426 2012.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1340-3540

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Revision of some Japanese Crepidotus: A new species, a new record and type studies of two species described by Sanshi Imai

Kasuya Taiga, Kobayashi Takahito

SYDOWIA 63 ( 2 ) 183 - 201 2011.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0082-0598

Notes on Japanese Lycoperdaceae : 6. First record of Lycoperdon ericaeum from Ibaraki Prefecture, Eastern Honshu, Japan

KASUYA Taiga

日本菌学会会報 = Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan (日本菌学会) 52 ( 2 ) 49 - 53 2011.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 00290289

New records of Geastrum from Japanese sand dunes

Kasuya Taiga, Hosaka Kentaro, Sakamoto Haruo, Uchida Akitomo, Hoshino Tamotsu, Kakishima Makoto

MYCOTAXON 118 1 - 15 2011.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0093-4666

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First records of three agaric fungi from coastal dunes of Ishikari beach in Hokkaido, Northern Japan

TAKEHASHI Seiji, KASUYA Taiga, TAKEHASHI Chikako

日本菌学会会報 = Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan (日本菌学会) 52 ( 1 ) 28 - 37 2011.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00290289

北海道東部の海浜から新たに採集された海浜生担子菌類2種,ウネミケシボウズタケとヒメカンムリツチグリ

糟谷大河, 星野保, 星野保, 竹橋誠司, 内田暁友

知床博物館研究報告 ( 32 ) 19 - 24 2011.03

Joint Work, ISSN 0387-8716

Entoloma aprile (Agaricales, Entolomataceae) new to Japan, with notes on its mycorrhiza associated with Populus maximowiczii in cool-temperate deciduous forests of Hokkaido

Kasuya Taiga, Takehashi Seiji, Hoshino Tamotsu, Noordeloos Machiel E.

SYDOWIA 62 ( 2 ) 205 - 223 2010.12

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0082-0598

Lycoperdaceae (Agaricales) on the Beartooth Plateau, Rocky Mountains, U.S.A

Taiga Kasuya

North American Fungi 5 159 - 171 2010.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted

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A new record of Elaphomyces guangdongensis (Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales, Fungi) from Taiwan

HOSAKA K

Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Series B Botany (National Museum of Nature and Science) 36 ( 3 ) 107 - 115 2010.08

Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 18819060

Marasmiellus mesosporus causes extensive mortality of the American dunegrass Elymus mollis in coastal dunes of Ishikari beach in Hokkaido, Northern Japan

TAKEHASHI Seiji, HOSHINO Tamotsu, SAITO Izumi, KASUYA Taiga, KOSHIMIZU Susumu

日本菌学会会報 = Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan (日本菌学会) 51 ( 1 ) 15 - 21 2010.05

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00290289

道東にて新たに採集されたスナハマガマノホタケ(担子菌類)の菌核

星野保, 糟谷大河, 竹橋誠司, 内田暁友

知床博物館研究報告 ( 31 ) 1 - 4 2010.03

Joint Work, ISSN 0387-8716

Type study of Pluteus atrofuscens (Agaricales, Pluteaceae)

Takehashi Seiji, Kasuya Taiga

MYCOSCIENCE 51 ( 1 ) 81 - 83 2010.01

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1340-3540

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Notes on Japanese Lycoperdaceae : 5. First record of Bovista ochrotricha from Mt. Oikedake, Mie pref., Central Japan

MIWA Hideko, KASUYA Taiga

日本菌学会会報 = Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan (日本菌学会) 50 ( 2 ) 124 - 128 2009.11

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00290289

Typhula maritima, a new species of Typhula collected from coastal dunes in Hokkaido, northern Japan

Hoshino Tamotsu, Takehashi Seiji, Fujiwara Mineko, Kasuya Taiga

MYCOSCIENCE 50 ( 6 ) 430 - 437 2009.11

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1340-3540

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Floristic study of Geastrum in Japan: three new records for Japanese mycobiota and reexamination of the authentic specimen of Geastrum minus reported by Sanshi Imai

Kasuya Taiga, Yamamoto Yukinori, Sakamoto Haruo, Takehashi Seiji, Hoshino Tamotsu, Kobayashi Takahito

MYCOSCIENCE 50 ( 2 ) 84 - 93 2009.03

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1340-3540

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Fructification of Collybia cirrata on mummified gleba of Bovista dermoxantha in Hokkaido, Northern Japan

Kasuya Taiga, Sato Seikichi

MYCOTAXON 107 81 - 86 2009.01

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0093-4666

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Pluteus magnus and Pluteus podospileus f. podospileus, two agaric species new to Japan

Takehashi Seiji, Kasuya Taiga

MYCOSCIENCE 50 ( 1 ) 74 - 77 2009.01

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1340-3540

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Phallus luteus comb. nov., a new taxonomic treatment of a tropical phalloid fungus

Kasuya Taiga

MYCOTAXON 106 7 - 13 2008.10

Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 0093-4666

Notes on Japanese Lycoperdaceae. 4. Validation of Japanese giant puffball, Calvatia nipponica

Kasuya Taiga, Katumoto Ken

MYCOSCIENCE 49 ( 4 ) 271 - 275 2008.08

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1340-3540

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Radiigera tropica (Geastraceae, Geastrales), a new species from a tropical rain forest of Thailand

Orihara Takamichi, Kasuya Taiga, Phongpaichit Souwalak, Dissara Yaowaluk

MYCOTAXON 105 111 - 117 2008.07

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0093-4666

First record of Geastrum kotlabae from sand dunes of the Japanese coast

SAKAMOTO Haruo, KASUYA Taiga

日本菌学会会報 = Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan (日本菌学会) 49 ( 1 ) 59 - 63 2008.06

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00290289

Three species of the genus Phallus rediscovered from Japan

KASUYA Taiga, TAKEHASHI Seiji, SANJYO Koujin

日本菌学会会報 (日本菌学会) 48 ( 2 ) 44 - 56 2007.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00290289

Validation of Aseroe coccinea (Phallales, Phallaceae)

KASUYA Taiga

Mycoscience (Mycological Society of Japan) 48 ( 5 ) 309 - 311 2007.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 1340-3540

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Diagnostic cystidia observed on rhizomorphs of Melanoleuca verrucipes

Kasuya Taiga, Sato Hiroshi, Kakishima Makoto

MYCOTAXON 102 365 - 371 2007.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0093-4666

Veligaster nitidum, a pantropical sclerodermataceous fungus new to Japan and Thailand

KASUYA Taiga, GUZMAN Gaston

Mycoscience (Mycological Society of Japan) 48 ( 4 ) 259 - 262 2007.08

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 1340-3540

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Two new records of the genus Tulostoma from Tunisia

Kasuya Taiga, Asai Ikuo, Smaoui Abderrazak

MYCOTAXON 101 289 - 295 2007.07

Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 0093-4666

First record of Pluteus chrysophaeus and reexamination of Pluteus leoninus from Japan

Seiji Takehashi, Taiga Kasuya

Mycoscience 48 321 - 325 2007.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 13403540

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Marasmiellus mesosporus, a Marasmius-blight fungus newly recorded from sand dunes of the Japanese coast

Seiji Takehashi, Taiga Kasuya, Makoto Kakishima

Mycoscience 48 407 - 410 2007.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 13403540

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Mycena viridimarginata (Tricholomataceae, Agaricales) newly found in Japan

TAKEHASHI Seiji, KASUYA Taiga

日本菌学会会報 (日本菌学会) 47 ( 2 ) 51 - 55 2006.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00290289

New or noteworthy species of the genus Calvatia Fr. (Basidiomycota) with probable medicinal value from Indonesia

Taiga Kasuya, Atik Retnowati

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 8 283 - 288 2006.12

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 15219437

The specimens of Calvatia deposited in Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), Indonesia, are examined and four species are recognized. Among them, C. vinosa collected from Tanimbar Islands, Eastern Indonesia, is described as a new species. This species has depressed globose to subglobose basidiomata, wine red to reddish purple endoperidium and subglobose, verrucose basidiospores. The other three species, C. boninensis, C. craniiformis, and C. cyathiformis are newly recorded from Indonesia. © by Begell House, Inc.

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Lysurus pakistanicus, a new species of Phallales from Pakistan

S. H. Iqbal, T. Kasuya, A. N. Khalid, A. R. Niazi

Mycotaxon 98 163 - 168 2006.10

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 00934666

A lycoperdaceous fungus, Arachnion album (Agaricales, Arachniaceae), newly found in Japan

Taiga Kasuya, Takamichi Orihara, Toshimitsu Fukiharu, Shoichi Yoshimi

Mycoscience 47 385 - 387 2006.01

Research paper (scientific journal), Joint Work, Accepted, ISSN 13403540

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関東平野におけるムクドリの冬季ねぐらの配置と採食範囲―４０年前との比較:40年前との比較

糟谷大河

山階鳥類学雑誌 (Yamashina Institute for Ornitology) 36 ( 2 ) 105 - 115 2005

Research paper (scientific journal), Single Work, Accepted, ISSN 1348-5032

2002年10月から2003年2月にかけて,関東平野中部においてムクドリの冬季塒の配置と採食範囲について調査し,1953～1962年に実施された調査結果(黒田1955,1956,1962)と比較検討した。調査地域内においてムクドリの冬季塒は37ヵ所発見され,これらは3ヵ所の大規模塒と34ヵ所の小規模塒の2つに分類された。大規模塒に就塒する群れの採食地は塒を中心として放射状に遠距離まで展開するが,小規模塒のそれは塒から近距離の特定地域に限られていた。大規模塒の中で,新浜鴨場(千葉県市川市)に就塒する群れの個体数と採食範囲には,1953～1962年当時と比較して顕著な変化は認められなかったが,埼玉鴨場(埼玉県越谷市)の就塒個体数は大幅に減少し,また就塒する群れの採食範囲も異なっていた。関東平野における近年のムクドリの塒は冬季分散型,夏季集中型であると考えられていたが,現在のムクドリの冬季塒には大規模塒と小規模塒の両者が存在することが示された。