Details of a Researcher - Takeshita, Kozue

Papers - Takeshita, Kozue

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An old model with new insights: endogenous retroviruses drive the evolvement toward ASD susceptibility and hijack transcription machinery during development

Lin C.W., Ellegood J., Tamada K., Miura I., Konda M., Takeshita K., Atarashi K., Lerch J.P., Wakana S., McHugh T.J., Takumi T.

Molecular Psychiatry (Molecular Psychiatry) 2023

ISSN 13594184

The BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR/J) strain is one of the most valid models of idiopathic autism, serving as a potent forward genetics tool to dissect the complexity of autism. We found that a sister strain with an intact corpus callosum, BTBR TF/ArtRbrc (BTBR/R), showed more prominent autism core symptoms but moderate ultrasonic communication/normal hippocampus-dependent memory, which may mimic autism in the high functioning spectrum. Intriguingly, disturbed epigenetic silencing mechanism leads to hyperactive endogenous retrovirus (ERV), a mobile genetic element of ancient retroviral infection, which increases de novo copy number variation (CNV) formation in the two BTBR strains. This feature makes the BTBR strain a still evolving multiple-loci model toward higher ASD susceptibility. Furthermore, active ERV, analogous to virus infection, evades the integrated stress response (ISR) of host defense and hijacks the transcriptional machinery during embryonic development in the BTBR strains. These results suggest dual roles of ERV in the pathogenesis of ASD, driving host genome evolution at a long-term scale and managing cellular pathways in response to viral infection, which has immediate effects on embryonic development. The wild-type Draxin expression in BTBR/R also makes this substrain a more precise model to investigate the core etiology of autism without the interference of impaired forebrain bundles as in BTBR/J.

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Identification of trypsin-degrading commensals in the large intestine.

Youxian Li, Eiichiro Watanabe, Yusuke Kawashima, Damian R Plichta, Zhujun Wang, Makoto Ujike, Qi Yan Ang, Runrun Wu, Munehiro Furuichi, Kozue Takeshita, Koji Yoshida, Keita Nishiyama, Sean M Kearney, Wataru Suda, Masahira Hattori, Satoshi Sasajima, Takahiro Matsunaga, Xiaoxi Zhang, Kazuto Watanabe, Jun Fujishiro, Jason M Norman, Bernat Olle, Shutoku Matsuyama, Ho Namkoong, Yoshifumi Uwamino, Makoto Ishii, Koichi Fukunaga, Naoki Hasegawa, Osamu Ohara, Ramnik J Xavier, Koji Atarashi, Kenya Honda

Nature (Nature) 609 ( 7927 ) 582 - 589 2022.09

ISSN 00280836

Increased levels of proteases, such as trypsin, in the distal intestine have been implicated in intestinal pathological conditions1-3. However, the players and mechanisms that underlie protease regulation in the intestinal lumen have remained unclear. Here we show that Paraprevotella strains isolated from the faecal microbiome of healthy human donors are potent trypsin-degrading commensals. Mechanistically, Paraprevotella recruit trypsin to the bacterial surface through type IX secretion system-dependent polysaccharide-anchoring proteins to promote trypsin autolysis. Paraprevotella colonization protects IgA from trypsin degradation and enhances the effectiveness of oral vaccines against Citrobacter rodentium. Moreover, Paraprevotella colonization inhibits lethal infection with murine hepatitis virus-2, a mouse coronavirus that is dependent on trypsin and trypsin-like proteases for entry into host cells4,5. Consistently, carriage of putative genes involved in trypsin degradation in the gut microbiome was associated with reduced severity of diarrhoea in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, trypsin-degrading commensal colonization may contribute to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and protection from pathogen infection.

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A common epigenetic mechanism across different cellular origins underlies systemic immune dysregulation in an idiopathic autism mouse model.

Chia-Wen Lin, Dian E Septyaningtrias, Hsu-Wen Chao, Mikiko Konda, Koji Atarashi, Kozue Takeshita, Kota Tamada, Jun Nomura, Yohei Sasagawa, Kaori Tanaka, Itoshi Nikaido, Kenya Honda, Thomas J McHugh, Toru Takumi

Molecular psychiatry (Molecular Psychiatry) 27 ( 8 ) 3343 - 3354 2022.05

Accepted, ISSN 13594184

Immune dysregulation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of autism. Changes occurring at the systemic level, from brain inflammation to disturbed innate/adaptive immune in the periphery, are frequently observed in patients with autism; however, the intrinsic mechanisms behind them remain elusive. We hypothesize a common etiology may lie in progenitors of different types underlying widespread immune dysregulation. By single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA seq), we trace the developmental origins of immune dysregulation in a mouse model of idiopathic autism. It is found that both in aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) and yolk sac (YS) progenitors, the dysregulation of HDAC1-mediated epigenetic machinery alters definitive hematopoiesis during embryogenesis and downregulates the expression of the AP-1 complex for microglia development. Subsequently, these changes result in the dysregulation of the immune system, leading to gut dysbiosis and hyperactive microglia in the brain. We further confirm that dysregulated immune profiles are associated with specific microbiota composition, which may serve as a biomarker to identify autism of immune-dysregulated subtypes. Our findings elucidate a shared mechanism for the origin of immune dysregulation from the brain to the gut in autism and provide new insight to dissecting the heterogeneity of autism, as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting immune-dysregulated autism subtypes.

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Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Rescues Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota in XIAP Deficiency.

Shintaro Ono, Kozue Takeshita, Yuko Kiridoshi, Motohiro Kato, Takahiro Kamiya, Akihiro Hoshino, Masakatsu Yanagimachi, Katsuhiro Arai, Ichiro Takeuchi, Nariaki Toita, Toshihiko Imamura, Yoji Sasahara, Junichi Sugita, Kazuko Hamamoto, Masanobu Takeuchi, Shoji Saito, Masaei Onuma, Hiroshi Tsujimoto, Masahiro Yasui, Takashi Taga, Yuki Arakawa, Yuichi Mitani, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Kohsuke Imai, Wataru Suda, Masahira Hattori, Osamu Ohara, Tomohiro Morio, Kenya Honda, Hirokazu Kanegane

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice (Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice) 9 ( 10 ) 3767 - 3780 2021.10

ISSN 22132198

BACKGROUND: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) deficiency is an infrequent inborn error of immunity that is often associated with refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The natural course of XIAP deficiency is typically associated with poor prognosis, and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative treatment. OBJECTIVE: To study (1) the effect of HCT on patients with XIAP deficiency undergoing HCT, (2) the status of XIAP deficiency-associated IBD after HCT, and (3) the gut microbiota of XIAP deficiency-associated IBD before and after HCT. METHODS: A nationwide survey of patients with XIAP deficiency was conducted. A spreadsheet questionnaire was collected from the physicians. Feces samples collected from the patients before and after HCT and their healthy family members were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients with XIAP deficiency underwent HCT by the end of March 2020, and 22 patients (84.6%) survived. All the survivors underwent a fludarabine-based reduced-intensity condition regimen. Acute graft-versus-host disease was observed in 17 patients (65.4%). Nineteen patients experienced refractory IBD before undergoing HCT. IBD improved remarkably after HCT. After HCT, the colonoscopic and pathological symptoms were restored to normal, and the pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index improved significantly. Gut microbiota indicated dysbiosis before HCT; however, it was improved to resemble that of the healthy family members after HCT. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that HCT has a favorable outcome for XIAP deficiency. HCT rescues gut inflammation and dysbiosis in patients with XIAP deficiency.

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Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians.

Yuko Sato, Koji Atarashi, Damian R Plichta, Yasumichi Arai, Satoshi Sasajima, Sean M Kearney, Wataru Suda, Kozue Takeshita, Takahiro Sasaki, Shoki Okamoto, Ashwin N Skelly, Yuki Okamura, Hera Vlamakis, Youxian Li, Takeshi Tanoue, Hajime Takei, Hiroshi Nittono, Seiko Narushima, Junichiro Irie, Hiroshi Itoh, Kyoji Moriya, Yuki Sugiura, Makoto Suematsu, Nobuko Moritoki, Shinsuke Shibata, Dan R Littman, Michael A Fischbach, Yoshifumi Uwamino, Takashi Inoue, Akira Honda, Masahira Hattori, Tsuyoshi Murai, Ramnik J Xavier, Nobuyoshi Hirose, Kenya Honda

Nature (Nature) 599 ( 7885 ) 458 - 464 2021.07

ISSN 00280836

Centenarians have a decreased susceptibility to ageing-associated illnesses, chronic inflammation and infectious diseases1-3. Here we show that centenarians have a distinct gut microbiome that is enriched in microorganisms that are capable of generating unique secondary bile acids, including various isoforms of lithocholic acid (LCA): iso-, 3-oxo-, allo-, 3-oxoallo- and isoallolithocholic acid. Among these bile acids, the biosynthetic pathway for isoalloLCA had not been described previously. By screening 68 bacterial isolates from the faecal microbiota of a centenarian, we identified Odoribacteraceae strains as effective producers of isoalloLCA both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the enzymes 5α-reductase (5AR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSDH) were responsible for the production of isoalloLCA. IsoalloLCA exerted potent antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive (but not Gram-negative) multidrug-resistant pathogens, including Clostridioides difficile and Enterococcus faecium. These findings suggest that the metabolism of specific bile acids may be involved in reducing the risk of infection with pathobionts, thereby potentially contributing to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.

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Low diversity of gut microbiota in the early phase of post-bone marrow transplantation increases the risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease

Konishi T., Kusakabe S., Hino A., Inamoto K., Yoshifuji K., Kiridoshi Y., Takeshita K., Sasajima S., Toya T., Igarashi A., Najima Y., Kobayashi T., Doki N., Motooka D., Nakamura S., Suyama M., Suda W., Shiota A., Atarashi K., Hattori M., Honda K., Yokota T., Ohashi K., Shibayama H., Fukushima K., Kakihana K.

Bone Marrow Transplantation (Bone Marrow Transplantation) 56 ( 7 ) 1728 - 1731 2021.07

ISSN 02683369

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Dysregulation of the Intestinal Microbiome in Patients With Haploinsufficiency of A20.

Etsushi Toyofuku, Kozue Takeshita, Hidenori Ohnishi, Yuko Kiridoshi, Hiroaki Masuoka, Tomonori Kadowaki, Ryuta Nishikomori, Kenichi Nishimura, Chie Kobayashi, Takasuke Ebato, Tomonari Shigemura, Yuzaburo Inoue, Wataru Suda, Masahira Hattori, Tomohiro Morio, Kenya Honda, Hirokazu Kanegane

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology (Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology) 11 787667 - 787667 2021

INTRODUCTION: Haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20) is a form of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). IEIs are genetically occurring diseases, some of which cause intestinal dysbiosis. Due to the dysregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) observed in patients with HA20, gut dysbiosis was associated with Tregs in intestinal lamina propria. METHODS: Stool samples were obtained from 16 patients with HA20 and 15 of their family members. Infant samples and/or samples with recent antibiotics use were excluded; hence, 26 samples from 13 patients and 13 family members were analyzed. The 16S sequencing process was conducted to assess the microbial composition of samples. Combined with clinical information, the relationship between the microbiome and the disease activity was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The composition of gut microbiota in patients with HA20 was disturbed compared with that in healthy family members. Age, disease severity, and use of immunosuppressants corresponded to dysbiosis. However, other explanatory factors, such as abdominal symptoms and probiotic treatment, were not associated. The overall composition at the phylum level was stable, but some genera were significantly increased or decreased. Furthermore, among the seven operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that increased, two OTUs, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus salivarius, considerably increased in patients with autoantibodies than those without autoantibodies. DISCUSSION: Detailed interaction on intestinal epithelium remains unknown; the relationship between the disease and stool composition change helps us understand the mechanism of an immunological reaction to microorganisms.

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Prebiotics protect against acute graft-versus-host disease and preserve the gut microbiota in stem cell transplantation

Yoshifuji K., Inamoto K., Kiridoshi Y., Takeshita K., Sasajima S., Shiraishi Y., Yamashita Y., Nisaka Y., Ogura Y., Takeuchi R., Toya T., Igarashi A., Najima Y., Doki N., Kobayashi T., Ohashi K., Suda W., Atarashi K., Shiota A., Hattori M., Honda K., Kakihana K.

Blood Advances (Blood Advances) 4 ( 19 ) 4607 - 4617 2020.10

ISSN 24739529

© 2020 by The American Society of Hematology Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Therefore, management of aGVHD is important for successful transplantation. Mucosal damage and alteration of the gut microbiota after allo-HSCT are key factors in the development of aGVHD. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the ability of prebiotics, which can alleviate mucosal damage and manipulate the gut microbiota, to mitigate posttransplantation complications, including aGVHD. Resistant starch (RS) and a commercially available prebiotics mixture, GFO, were administered to allo-HSCT recipients from pretransplantation conditioning to day 28 after allo-HSCT. Prebiotic intake mitigated mucosal injury and reduced the incidence of all aGVHD grades combined and of aGVHD grades 2 to 4. The cumulative incidence of skin aGVHD was markedly decreased by prebiotics intake. Furthermore, the gut microbial diversity was well maintained and butyrate-producing bacterial population were preserved by prebiotics intake. In addition, the posttransplantation fecal butyrate concentration was maintained or increased more frequently in the prebiotics group. These observations indicate that prebiotic intake may be an effective strategy for preventing aGVHD in allo-HSCT, thereby improving treatment outcomes and the clinical utility of stem cell transplantation approaches. This study was registered on the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) clinical trials registry (https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm) as #UMIN000027563.

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A defined commensal consortium elicits CD8 T cells and anti-cancer immunity.

Takeshi Tanoue, Satoru Morita, Damian R Plichta, Ashwin N Skelly, Wataru Suda, Yuki Sugiura, Seiko Narushima, Hera Vlamakis, Iori Motoo, Kayoko Sugita, Atsushi Shiota, Kozue Takeshita, Keiko Yasuma-Mitobe, Dieter Riethmacher, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Jason M Norman, Daniel Mucida, Makoto Suematsu, Tomonori Yaguchi, Vanni Bucci, Takashi Inoue, Yutaka Kawakami, Bernat Olle, Bruce Roberts, Masahira Hattori, Ramnik J Xavier, Koji Atarashi, Kenya Honda

Nature (Nature) 565 ( 7741 ) 600 - 605 2019.01

Accepted, ISSN 00280836

There is a growing appreciation for the importance of the gut microbiota as a therapeutic target in various diseases. However, there are only a handful of known commensal strains that can potentially be used to manipulate host physiological functions. Here we isolate a consortium of 11 bacterial strains from healthy human donor faeces that is capable of robustly inducing interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cells in the intestine. These 11 strains act together to mediate the induction without causing inflammation in a manner that is dependent on CD103+ dendritic cells and major histocompatibility (MHC) class Ia molecules. Colonization of mice with the 11-strain mixture enhances both host resistance against Listeria monocytogenes infection and the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in syngeneic tumour models. The 11 strains primarily represent rare, low-abundance components of the human microbiome, and thus have great potential as broadly effective biotherapeutics.

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Fecal microbiota transplantation with frozen capsules for a patient with refractory acute gut graft-versus-host disease

Kaito S., Toya T., Yoshifuji K., Kurosawa S., Inamoto K., Takeshita K., Suda W., Kakihana K., Honda K., Hattori M., Ohashi K.

Blood Advances (Blood Advances) 2 ( 22 ) 3097 - 3101 2018.11

ISSN 24739529

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Fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in a patient with ulcerative colitis.

Kosaku Nanki, Shinta Mizuno, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Keiko Ono, Shinya Sugimoto, Hiroki Kiyohara, Mari Arai, Moeko Nakashima, Kozue Takeshita, Keiichiro Saigusa, Mitsutoshi Senoh, Tadashi Fukuda, Makoto Naganuma, Haru Kato, Wataru Suda, Masahira Hattori, Takanori Kanai

Intestinal research (Intestinal Research) 16 ( 1 ) 142 - 146 2018

Accepted, ISSN 15989100

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been reported as a safe and effective therapy in patients with refractory and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). FMT has also been reported as a promising therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Both, CDI and UC, are believed to be caused by dysbiosis, such as altered compositions or decreased diversity of the intestinal microbiota. This report describes a patient with UC in remission with a second recurrent episode of CDI, who was treated with FMT. A single FMT performed via colonoscopy completely resolved the patient's diarrhea and eradicated C. difficile bacteriologically without any severe complications. Molecular biological analysis of the patient's fecal microbiota showed that FMT could dramatically change the altered composition of intestinal microbiota and restore its diversity. Despite the restoration of the intestinal microbiota, FMT could not prevent a relapse of UC in this patient. However, it improved the intestinal symptoms of CDI and could prevent further recurrences of CDI.

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Clinical impact of pre-transplant gut microbial diversity on outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Noriko Doki, Masahiro Suyama, Satoshi Sasajima, Junko Ota, Aiko Igarashi, Iyo Mimura, Hidetoshi Morita, Yuki Fujioka, Daisuke Sugiyama, Hiroyoshi Nishikawa, Yutaka Shimazu, Wataru Suda, Kozue Takeshita, Koji Atarashi, Masahira Hattori, Eiichi Sato, Kyoko Watakabe-Inamoto, Kosuke Yoshioka, Yuho Najima, Takeshi Kobayashi, Kazuhiko Kakihana, Naoto Takahashi, Hisashi Sakamaki, Kenya Honda, Kazuteru Ohashi

Annals of hematology (SPRINGER) 96 ( 9 ) 1517 - 1523 2017.09

Accepted, ISSN 0939-5555

Post-transplant microbial diversity in the gastrointestinal tract is closely associated with clinical outcomes following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, little is known about the impact of the fecal microbiota before allo-HSCT. We analyzed fecal samples approximately 2 weeks before conditioning among 107 allo-HSCT recipients between 2013 and 2015. Microbial analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Operational taxonomic unit-based microbial diversity was estimated by calculating the Shannon index. Patients were classified into three groups based on the diversity index: low (<2), intermediate (2, 3), and high (>3) diversity (18 (16.8%), 48 (44.9%), and 41 (38.3%) patients, respectively). There were no significant differences in the 20-month overall survival, cumulative incidence of relapse, and non-relapse mortality among three groups. The cumulative incidence of grade II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was similar among the three groups (low 55.6%; intermediate 35.4%; high 48.8%, p = 0.339, at day 100). Furthermore, we found no differences in the cumulative incidence of grade II to IV acute gastrointestinal GVHD among the three groups (low 38.9%; intermediate 21.3%; high 24.4%, p = 0.778, at day 100). Regarding the composition of microbiota before allo-HSCT, aGVHD patients showed a significantly higher abundance of phylum Firmicutes (p < 0.01) and a lower tendency for Bacteroidetes (p = 0.106) than non-aGVHD patients. Maintenance of Bacteroidetes throughout allo-HSCT may be a strategy to prevent aGVHD.

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Bifidobacterium-Rich Fecal Donor May Be a Positive Predictor for Successful Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Shinta Mizuno, Tatsuhiro Masaoka, Makoto Naganuma, Taishiro Kishimoto, Momoko Kitazawa, Shunya Kurokawa, Moeko Nakashima, Kozue Takeshita, Wataru Suda, Masaru Mimura, Masahira Hattori, Takanori Kanai

Digestion (KARGER) 96 ( 1 ) 29 - 38 2017

Accepted, ISSN 0012-2823

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Dysbiosis is associated with various systemic disorders including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) might restore intestinal microbial balance. The study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of FMT in IBS patients, as well as also positive predictors for FMT. METHODS: This was a single-arm, open-label study. Eligible patients were diagnosed based on Rome III Diagnostic Criteria. Fecal materials were administered to the patient via colonoscopy. The primary end point was a change in the Bristol stool form scale at 4 weeks after FMT. Recovery to types 3-4 was considered a clinical response. The secondary end point was a change in intestinal microbiota and psychological status using the Hamilton Rating Scale. RESULTS: Ten patients were enrolled. Six patients achieved a clinical response. The diversity of patients 4 weeks after FMT increased significantly compared with patients before FMT, and that of responding patients was significantly higher than non-responder patients. The abundance of Bifidobacterium in effective donors was significantly higher than in ineffective donors and patients. Psychological status of all patients was significantly improved after FMT. CONCLUSIONS: FMT for patients with IBS is safe, and relatively effective. Bifidobacterium-rich fecal donor may be a positive predictor for successful FMT. Key Summary: (1) Dysbiosis is associated with various gastrointestinal disorders including IBS. (2) FMT has potential to restore intestinal microbial balance. (3) We showed that FMT improved stool form and psychological status of IBS patients. (4) Bifidobacterium-rich donor efficiently induced symbiosis in IBS patients.

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A Single Species of Clostridium Subcluster XIVa Decreased in Ulcerative Colitis Patients.

Kozue Takeshita, Shinta Mizuno, Yohei Mikami, Tomohisa Sujino, Keiichiro Saigusa, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Makoto Naganuma, Tadashi Sato, Toshihiko Takada, Hirokazu Tsuji, Akira Kushiro, Koji Nomoto, Takanori Kanai

Inflammatory bowel diseases (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS) 22 ( 12 ) 2802 - 2810 2016.12

Accepted, ISSN 1078-0998

BACKGROUND: Imbalance of the intestinal microbiota is associated with gastrointestinal disease and autoimmune disease and metabolic syndrome. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota has recently progressed, and the association with inflammatory bowel disease has been reported at the species level. Such findings suggest that the recovery of homeostasis in the intestinal microbiota could cure inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to search new probiotic candidates for inflammatory bowel disease through translational research by analysis of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients' intestinal microbiota and clarify the effects of them on inflammation. Here, we focused on Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, which belongs to Clostridium subcluster XIVa and was successfully isolated and cultured in 2013. We analyzed the association of F. saccharivorans to UC patients' activity and inflammation for the first time. METHODS: Feces from UC patients and healthy controls were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. F. saccharivorans was administered to murine colitis model. Colitic lamina propria mononuclear cells from UC patients and mice were stimulated with F. saccharivorans. RESULTS: The whole fecal bacteria in active UC patients were less than that in quiescent UC patients. Furthermore, F. saccharivorans was decreased in active UC patients and increased in quiescent. The administration of F. saccharivorans improved murine colitis. F. saccharivorans induced interleukin 10 production by lamina propria mononuclear cells from not only colitis model mice but also UC patients. CONCLUSIONS: F. saccharivorans decreased in correlation to UC activity and suppresses intestinal inflammation. These results suggest that F. saccharivorans could lead to a novel UC treatment.

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An Ileal Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp Treated by Endoscopic Resection

Kozue Takeshita, Kazuhiro Kashiwagi, Yuka Ishibashi, Takanori Kanai

INTERNAL MEDICINE (JAPAN SOC INTERNAL MEDICINE) 55 ( 19 ) 2901 - 2902 2016

Accepted, ISSN 0918-2918

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Inhibition of Dectin-1 Signaling Ameliorates Colitis by Inducing Lactobacillus-Mediated Regulatory T Cell Expansion in the Intestine.

Ce Tang, Tomonori Kamiya, Yang Liu, Motohiko Kadoki, Shigeru Kakuta, Kenshiro Oshima, Masahira Hattori, Kozue Takeshita, Takanori Kanai, Shinobu Saijo, Naohito Ohno, Yoichiro Iwakura

Cell host & microbe 18 ( 2 ) 183 - 97 2015.08

Accepted, ISSN 1931-3128

Dectin-1, the receptor for β-glucans, protects the host against fungal infection; however, its role in intestinal immunity is incompletely understood. We found that Dectin-1-deficient (Clec7a(-/-)) mice were refractory to both dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)- and CD45RB(high)CD4(+) T cell-induced colitis, and that this resistance was associated with an increase in regulatory T (Treg) cells. The proportion of lactobacilli, especially Lactobacillus murinus, in the commensal microflora was increased in Clec7a(-/-) mouse colons, and accompanied by a decrease in antimicrobial peptides induced by Dectin-1 signaling. L. murinus colonization increased Treg cells in the colon. Oral administration of laminarin, a Dectin-1 antagonist, suppressed the development of DSS-colitis, associated with an increase of L. murinus and Treg cells. Human patients with inflammatory bowel disease were found to have a decreased proportion of closely related Lactobacillus species. These observations suggest that Dectin-1 regulates the homeostasis of intestinal immunity by controlling Treg cell differentiation through modification of microbiota.

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Classical Th1 cells obtain colitogenicity by co-existence of RORγt-expressing T cells in experimental colitis.

Keiichiro Saigusa, Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Tango Handa, Tomohisa Sujino, Yohei Mikami, Atsushi Hayashi, Shinta Mizuno, Kozue Takeshita, Toshiro Sato, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Takanori Kanai

Inflammatory bowel diseases 20 ( 10 ) 1820 - 7 2014.10

Accepted, ISSN 1078-0998

BACKGROUND: Both Th1 and Th17 cell types are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation. We recently demonstrated that retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt)-expressing Th17 cells are progenitor cells for alternative Th1 cells, which have the potential to induce colitis. However, the involvement of classical Th1 (cTh1) cells generated directly from naive T cells without RORγt expression in the pathogenesis of colitis remains poorly understood. METHODS: We performed a series of in vivo experiments using a murine chronic colitis model induced by adoptive transfer of splenic CD4CD45RB(high) T cells obtained from wild-type, RORγt(gfp/gfp), or RORγt(gfp/gfp) mice into RAG-2(-/-) mice. RESULTS: RAG-2(-/-) mice receiving transfer of in vitro-manipulated RORγt(gfp/gfp) Th1 cells developed colitis. RAG-2(-/-) mice co-transferred with splenic CD4CD45RB(high) T cells obtained from wild-type mice and RORγt(gfp/gfp) mice developed colitis with a significant increase in RORγt cTh1 cell numbers when compared with noncolitic mice transferred with splenic CD4CD45RB(high) T cells obtained from RORγt(gfp/gfp) mice. Furthermore, RAG-2(-/-) mice transferred with in vivo-manipulated RORγt(gfp/gfp) cTh1 cells developed colitis with a significant increase in RORγt(gfp/gfp) cTh1 cell numbers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that both alternative Th1 cells and cTh1 cells have the potential to be colitogenic in an adaptive transfer model. The development of cTh1 cells was dependent on the co-existence of RORγt-expressing T cells, suggesting a critical role for the interactions of these cell types in the development of chronic intestinal inflammation.

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Mammalian target of rapamycin and glycogen synthase kinase 3 differentially regulate lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-12 production in dendritic cells

Masashi Ohtani, Shigenori Nagai, Shuhei Kondo, Shinta Mizuno, Kozue Nakamura, Masanobu Tanabe, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Satoshi Matsuda, Shigeo Koyasu

BLOOD (AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY) 112 ( 3 ) 635 - 643 2008.08

Accepted, ISSN 0006-4971

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) negatively regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)mediated interleukin-12 (IL-12) expression in dendritic cells (DCs). We show here that 2 signaling pathways downstream of PI3K, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), differentially regulate the expression of IL-12 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated DCs. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, enhanced IL-12 production in LPS-stimulated DCs, whereas the activation of mTOR by lentivirus-mediated transduction of a constitutively active form of Rheb suppressed the production of IL-12. The inhibition of protein secretion or deletion of IL-10 cancelled the effect of rapamycin, indicating that mTOR regulates IL-12 expression through an autocrine action of IL-10. In contrast, GSK3 positively regulates IL-12 production through an IL-10 independent pathway. Rapamycin-treated DCs enhanced Thl induction in vitro com- pared with untreated DCs. LiCl, an inhibitor of GSK3, suppressed a Thl response on Leishmania major infection in vivo. These results suggest that mTOR and GSK3 pathways regulate the Th1/Th2 balance though the regulation of IL-12 expression in DCs. The signaling pathway downstream of PI3K would be a good target to modulate the Thi/Th2 balance in immune responses in vivo.

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