Details of a Researcher - SHIRAISHI Yasuyuki

Papers - SHIRAISHI Yasuyuki

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Multimorbidity, guideline-directed medical therapies, and associated outcomes among hospitalized heart failure patients.

Takeuchi S, Kohno T, Goda A, Shiraishi Y, Kawana M, Saji M, Nagatomo Y, Nishihata Y, Takei M, Nakano S, Soejima K, Kohsaka S, Yoshikawa T, West Tokyo Heart Failure Registry Investigators.

ESC heart failure (ESC Heart Failure) 9 ( 4 ) 2500 - 2510 2022.05

Aims: Multimorbidity is common among heart failure (HF) patients and may attenuate guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). Multimorbid patients are under-represented in clinical trials; therefore, the effect of multimorbidity clustering on the prognosis of HF patients remains unknown. We evaluated the prevalence of multimorbidity clusters among consecutively registered hospitalized HF patients and assessed whether GDMT attenuated outcomes. Methods and results: We examined 1924 hospitalized HF patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<50%) in a multicentre registry (West Tokyo HF Registry: WET-HF). Ten comorbid conditions in the WET-HF were abstracted: coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, stroke, anaemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal dysfunction, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes. Patients were divided into three groups (0–2: n = 451; 3–4: n = 787; and ≥5: n = 686) based on the number of comorbid conditions. The primary composite endpoint was all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization. The most prevalent comorbidities were renal dysfunction (67.9%), hypertension (66.0%), and anaemia (53.8%). Increased comorbidity was associated with increased adverse outcomes [3–4: hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.77, P = 0.003; ≥5: HR 2.12, 95%CI 1.69–2.65, P < 0.001; and reference: 0–2] and lower GDMT prescription rate (0–2: 69.2%; 3–4: 57.7%; and ≥5: 57.6%). GDMT was associated with decreased adverse outcomes; this association was maintained even as the comorbidity burden increased but tended to weaken (0–2: HR 0.53, 95%CI 0.35–0.78; P = 0.001; 3–4: HR 0.82, 95%CI 0.65–1.04, P = 0.095; and ≥5: HR 0.81, 95%CI 0.65–1.00, P = 0.053; P for interaction = 0.156). Conclusions: Comorbidity clusters were prevalent and associated with poorer outcomes. GDMT remained beneficial regardless of the comorbidity burden but tended to weaken with increasing comorbidity burden. Further research is required to optimize medical care in these patients.

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Regional variations in the process of care for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in Japan

Shoji S., Yamaji K., Sandhu A.T., Ikemura N., Shiraishi Y., Inohara T., Heidenreich P.A., Amano T., Ikari Y., Kohsaka S.

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific (The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific) 22 100425 2022.05

Background: Measuring the quality of care has been central for improving the outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study described the performance rates and regional variations in quality metrics for PCI using a representative national Japanese registry. Methods: Overall, 760,854 patients across 714 institutions (2016–2018) were analysed. Quality metrics included preprocedural antiplatelet therapy use, door-to-balloon time ≤90 min for ST-elevation myocardial infarction, transradial approach, and preprocedural noninvasive stress testing for elective cases in 47 Japanese prefectures. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) were also evaluated. Factors associated with preprocedural testing rates were evaluated using multivariable linear regression. Findings: Rates of preprocedural antiplatelet therapy use were high with low variations (96·4% [94·7–97·2%]), but there was still substantial room for improvement in the rates of door-to-balloon time (74·7% [71·2–78·9%]) and transradial approach use (70·9% [65·1–73·4%]). Rates of preprocedural noninvasive stress testing were low with substantial variation (36·6% [27·1–49·7%]). Additionally, we found substantial variations in CCTA (50·0% [39·5–55·1%]) and FFR measurement (15·7% [113·–18·3%]) rates. The number of scintigraphy scanners/ prefecture was associated with the performance of noninvasive stress testing (13·4% [95% CI, 2·45–24·4%] increase for every 1/100,000 population increase in scanners). Interpretations: We observed substantial regional variation in the use of preprocedural testing, and its performance was directly related to nuclear-scanner availability. These findings suggest the need for targeted efforts in improving testing rates, whether by optimising resource allocation or additional education or feedback mechanisms. Funding: This study was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant Nos. 20H03915, 16H05215, 16KK0186, and 20K22883) and by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Program (Grant No. 21FA1015). The J-PCI registry is led and supported by the Japanese Association of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics.

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Conventional medical therapy in heart failure patients eligible for the PARADIGM-HF, DAPA-HF, and SHIFT trials.

Shoji S, Kohsaka S, Shiraishi Y, Kohno T, Sawano M, Ikemura N, Niimi N, Nagatomo Y, Tanaka TD, Takei M, Ono T, Sakamoto M, Nakano S, Nakamura I, Inoue S, Fukuda K, Yoshikawa T

International journal of cardiology (International Journal of Cardiology) 359 76 - 83 2022.04

ISSN 0167-5273

Background: Recent trials on novel heart failure (HF) treatments (angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, and ivabradine) emphasize the use of conventional medical therapy (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers [BB], and mineral corticosteroid receptor antagonists). We aimed to evaluate the prescription rate of conventional medical therapy and its association with long-term outcomes in patients eligible for recent trials. Methods: We examined 1295 consecutive patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) from a multicenter registry (WET-HF registry). We assessed conventional medical therapy implementation among patients meeting the PARADIGM-HF/DAPA-HF and SHIFT enrollment criteria. We also examined the association between conventional medical therapy use and long-term outcomes within each enrollment criterion. Results: Overall, 62.2% and 35.3% of HFrEF patients met the enrollment criteria of the PARADIGM-HF/DAPA-HF and SHIFT trials. Only 33.9% and 31.9% received full conventional medical therapy within each patient subset. Notably, 84.2% of patients who met the SHIFT enrollment criteria were on BB, and only 23.0% and 4.4% were on ≥50% or the full recommended dose, respectively. Implementation of full conventional medical therapy use was associated with lower 2-year mortality and HF readmission rates in the PARADIGM-HF/ DAPA-HF eligible group (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.92). The use of BB at ≥50% of the recommended dose was associated with lower 2-year mortality and HF readmission rates in the SHIFT-eligible group (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30–0.84). Conclusions: Conventional medical therapy was underutilized among patients eligible for novel trials within a Japanese HF registry. Further efforts to optimize conventional medical therapy are needed.

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Personalized Target Heart Rate for Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction

Yumita Y., Nagatomo Y., Takei M., Saji M., Goda A., Kohno T., Nakano S., Nishihata Y., Ikegami Y., Shiraishi Y., Kohsaka S., Adachi T., Yoshikawa T.

Journal of Personalized Medicine (Journal of Personalized Medicine) 12 ( 1 ) 2022.01

ISSN 2075-4426

The optimal heart rate (HR) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has been ill-defined. Recently, a formula was proposed for estimating the target heart rate (THR), which eliminates the overlap between the E and A wave (E-A overlap). We aim to validate its prognostic significance in the multicenter WET-HF registry. This study used data from 647 patients with HFrEF hospitalized for acute decompensated HF (ADHF). The patients were divided into the 2 groups by THR. The primary endpoint was defined as the composite of all-cause death and ADHF readmission. The THR successfully discriminated the incidence of the primary endpoint, whereas no significant difference was observed in the primary endpoint when dividing the patients by uniform cutoff 70 bpm. HR at discharge ≤ THR was inversely associated with the primary endpoint. Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated the difference between HR at discharge, and THR (∆HR) from −10 to ±0 was associated with a lower risk of primary endpoint and ∆HR from ±0 to +15 was associated with a higher risk. THR discriminated long-term outcomes in patients with HFrEF more efficiently than the uniform cutoff, suggesting that it may aid in tailored HR reduction strategies.

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Sex differences in sleep and psychological disturbances among patients admitted for cardiovascular diseases

Jono Y., Kohno T., Kohsaka S., Kitakata H., Shiraishi Y., Katsumata Y., Hayashida K., Yuasa S., Takatsuki S., Fukuda K.

Sleep and Breathing (Sleep and Breathing) 26 ( 4 ) 1 - 9 2022

ISSN 15209512

Background: Understanding sex differences is critical for improving outcomes in patients with cardiovascular conditions. Sleep and psychological disturbances contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, and important sex differences persist in their incidence and association with clinical outcomes. Methods: Sex-based variation in sleep and psychological disturbances were assessed in consecutive patients with cardiovascular diseases in a single university hospital. The prevalence of insomnia, sleep disordered breathing (SDB), anxiety, and depression was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), nocturnal pulse oximeter, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The effect of sex on the prevalence of sleep and psychological disturbances as well as their associations was quantified using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Among 1,233 patients (mean age 63.6 years, 25% women), women were significantly less likely than men to experience SDB (17.5% vs 31.5%, p < 0.001), but more likely to report an increased burden of insomnia (54.7% vs 43.3%, p = 0.001) and depression (23.9% vs 16.7%, p = 0.004). Insomnia was associated with depression, which was more remarkable among women (p value for interaction: 0.039). SDB was associated with anxiety among women but not men (p value for interaction: 0.003). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anxiety between women and men. Conclusions: Among patients with cardiovascular disease, women reported an increased burden of insomnia and depression compared to men. The association between sleep and psychological disturbances may be more pronounced in women, suggesting that cardiologists should increase efforts for identification of such comorbidities and administer corresponding treatment, especially in women.

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Impact of Left Ventricular Chamber Size on Outcome in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Ogawa S., Nagatomo Y., Takei M., Saji M., Goda A., Kohno T., Nakano S., Nishihata Y., Ikegami Y., Shoji S., Shiraishi Y., Kohsaka S., Yoshikawa T.

International Heart Journal (International Heart Journal) 63 ( 1 ) 62 - 72 2022

ISSN 13492365

Although heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has a highly variable phenotype, heteroge-neity in left ventricular chamber size (LVCS) and its association with long-term outcome have not been thor-oughly investigated. The present study sought to determine the impact of LVCS on clinical outcome in HFpEF. A total of 1505 consecutive HFpEF patients admitted to hospitals in the multicenter WET-HF Registry for acute decompensated HF (ADHF) between 2006 and 2017 were analyzed. The patients (age: 80 [73-86], male: 48%) were divided into larger (L) or smaller (S) LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) groups by the median value 45 mm. Younger age, male sex, higher body mass index, more favorable nutritional status, valvular etiology, and lower LVEF were associated with larger LVEDD. After propensity matching (399 pairs), the L group showed a larger left atrial diameter, E/e’, and tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient and greater severity of mitral regur-gitation. The L group had a higher rate of composite endpoint of all-cause death and ADHF re-admission (P = 0.021) and was an independent predictor. On the other hand, in the pre-matched cohort, the S group rather showed higher in-hospital (4% versus 2%. P = 0.004) and post-discharge mortality (P = 0.009). In HFpEF, LVCS was affected by demographic and cardiac parameters. After adjustment for demographic parameters, larger LVCS was associated with worse clinical outcome. Higher mortality in the S group in the pre-matched cohort might be related to the demographic factors suggesting frailty and/or sarcopenia.

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Recurrence of myopericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in a male adolescent.

Umei TC, Kishino Y, Shiraishi Y, Inohara T, Yuasa S, Fukuda K

CJC open (CJC Open) 4 ( 3 ) 350 - 352 2021.12

COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease has spread worldwide, resulting in health and economic crises. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection is considered a valid prevention measure to control this pandemic. There have been reports of cases of myopericarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. We present a case of a 20-year-old man with recurrent myopericarditis following an initial episode of influenza virus–induced myopericarditis and after a second dose of the mRNA-1273 Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. Careful attention should be paid to patients with a history of myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination.

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A novel device for detecting anaerobic threshold using sweat lactate during exercise

Seki Y., Nakashima D., Shiraishi Y., Ryuzaki T., Ikura H., Miura K., Suzuki M., Watanabe T., Nagura T., Matsumato M., Nakamura M., Sato K., Fukuda K., Katsumata Y.

Scientific Reports (Scientific Reports) 11 ( 1 ) 4929 2021.12

The lactate threshold (LT1), which is defined as the first rise in lactate concentration during incremental exercise, has not been non-invasively and conveniently determined in a clinical setting. We aimed to visualize changes in lactate concentration in sweat during exercise using our wearable lactate sensor and investigate the relationship between the lactate threshold (LT1) and ventilatory threshold (VT1). Twenty-three healthy subjects and 42 patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were enrolled. During exercise, the dynamic changes in lactate values in sweat were visualized in real-time with a sharp continuous increase up to volitional exhaustion and a gradual decrease during the recovery period. The LT1 in sweat was well correlated with the LT1 in blood and the VT1 (r = 0.92 and 0.71, respectively). In addition, the Bland–Altman plot described no bias between the mean values (mean differences: − 4.5 and 2.5 W, respectively). Continuous monitoring of lactate concentrations during exercise can provide additional information for detecting the VT1.

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Preferences on advance care planning and end-of-life care in patients hospitalized for heart failure

Kitakata H., Kohno T., Kohsaka S., Fujisawa D., Nakano N., Shiraishi Y., Katsumata Y., Nagatomo Y., Yuasa S., Fukuda K.

ESC Heart Failure (ESC Heart Failure) 8 ( 6 ) 5102 - 5111 2021.12

Aims: Early engagement in advance care planning (ACP) is recommended in heart failure (HF) management. We investigated the preferences of patients with HF regarding ACP and end-of-life (EOL) care, including their desired timing of ACP initiation. Methods and results: Data were collected using a 92-item questionnaire survey, which was directly distributed to hospitalized patients by dedicated physicians and nurses in a university hospital setting. One-hundred eighty-seven patients agreed to participate (response rate: 92.6%), and 171 completed the survey [valid response rate: 84.7%; men: 67.3%; median age: 73.0 (63.0–81.0) years]. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the predictors of positive attitudes towards ACP. Most recognized ACP as important for their care (n = 127, 74.3%), 48.1% stated that ACP should be initiated after repeated HF hospitalizations in the past year, and 29.0% preferred ACP to begin during the first or second HF hospitalization. Only 21.7% of patients had previously engaged in ACP conversations during HF management. Positive attitudes towards ACP were associated with lower depressive symptoms [two-item Patient Health Questionnaire; odds ratio (OR): 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61–0.92, P-value: 0.006], marriage (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.25–5.12, P-value: 0.010), and a high educational level (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.28–5.56, P-value: 0.009), but not with severity of HF (represented by Seattle Heart Failure Model risk score). Regarding EOL care, while ‘Saying what one wants to tell loved ones’ (83.4%), ‘Dying a natural death’ (81.8%), and ‘Being able to stay at one's favorite place’ (75.6%) were the three most important factors for patients, preferences for ‘Receiving sufficient treatment’ (56.5%) and ‘Knowing what to expect about future condition’ (50.3%) were divergent. Conclusions: Despite patients' preferences for ACP conversations, there was a discrepancy between preference and engagement in ACP among patients hospitalized for HF. Patients' preferences regarding EOL care may differ; physicians need to consider the appropriate ACP approach to align with patients' care goals.

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Phenomapping in patients experiencing worsening renal function during hospitalization for acute heart failure

Yagi R., Takei M., Kohsaka S., Shiraishi Y., Ikemura N., Shoji S., Niimi N., Higuchi S., Goda A., Kohno T., Nagatomo Y., Nishihata Y., Sujino Y., Saji M., Ikegami Y., Nakano S., Takahashi T., Fukuda K., Yoshikawa T.

ESC Heart Failure (ESC Heart Failure) 8 ( 6 ) 5192 - 5203 2021.12

Aims: The impact of worsening renal function (WRF) on the prognosis of patients with acute heart failure (AHF) remains controversial. We aimed to identify phenotypically distinct subgroups among individuals with both AHF and WRF using cluster analysis. Methods and results: Overall, the data of 483 patients with both AHF and WRF enrolled in the West Tokyo Heart Failure Registry were analysed. Using cluster analysis, we identified three phenotypically distinct subgroups (phenogroups 1, 2, and 3). We assessed the impact of WRF on the prognosis of each phenogroup by comparing the incidence of composite endpoints, including all-cause death and re-hospitalization due to heart failure, with those of a propensity score-matched, non-WRF control group. Participants in phenogroup 1 (N = 122) were the youngest (69.3 ± 13.7 years), had relatively preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, 70.0 ± 27.7 mL/min/1.73 m2), and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (41.8 ± 13.7%). Conversely, participants in phenogroup 3 (N = 122) were the oldest (81.7 ± 8.5 years), had the worst eGFR (33.0 ± 20.9 mL/min/1.73 m2), and had preserved LVEF (51.7 ± 14.8%). The characteristics of the participants in phenogroup 2 (N = 239) were between those of phenogroups 1 and 3. The propensity score matching analysis showed that WRF was associated with a higher incidence of composite endpoints in phenogroup 1, whereas this association was not observed in phenogroups 2 and 3. Conclusions: Using cluster analysis, we revealed three phenotypically distinct subgroups of patients with both AHF and WRF. WRF was associated with worse clinical outcomes in the subgroup of younger patients with reduced LVEF and preserved renal function.

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Association of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation with short-term clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure

Yukino M., Nagatomo Y., Goda A., Kohno T., Takei M., Nishihata Y., Saji M., Toyosaki Y., Nakano S., Ikegami Y., Shiraishi Y., Kohsaka S., Adachi T., Yoshikawa T.

Journal of Clinical Medicine (Journal of Clinical Medicine) 10 ( 21 ) 2021.11

ISSN 2077-0383

The real-world evidence has been sparse on the impact of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) on the outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients. We aim to explore this issue in the prospective multicenter WET-HF registry. Among 3927 patients (77 (67–84) years, male 60%), the NPPV was used in 775 patients (19.7%). The association of NPPV use with in-hospital outcome and length of hospital stay (LOS) was examined by two methods, propensity score (PS) matching and multivariable analysis with adjustment for PS. In these analyses the NPPV group exhibited a lower endotracheal intubation (ETI) rate and a comparable in-hospital mortality, but longer LOS compared to the non-NPPV group. In the stratified analysis, the NPPV group exhibited a significantly lower ETI rate in patients with ischemic etiology, systolic blood pressure (sBP) > 140 mmHg and the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score ≤ 3, indicating better nutritional status. On the contrary, NPPV use was associated with longer LOS in patients with non-ischemic etiology, sBP < 100 mmHg and CONUT score > 3. In conclusion, NPPV use was associated with a lower incidence of ETI. Particularly, patients with ischemic etiology, high sBP, and better nutritional status might benefit from NPPV use.

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Sudden cardiac death after acute decompensation in heart failure patients: implications of discharge haemoglobin levels

Fukuoka R., Kohsaka S., Shiraishi Y., Sawano M., Abe T., Levy W.C., Nagatomo Y., Nishihata Y., Goda A., Kohno T., Kawamura A., Fukuda K., Yoshikawa T.

ESC Heart Failure (ESC Heart Failure) 8 ( 5 ) 3917 - 3928 2021.10

Aims: Heart failure (HF) patients have a high risk of mortality due to sudden cardiac death (SCD) and non-SCD, including pump failure death (PFD). Anaemia predicts more severe symptomatic burden and higher morbidity, as noted by markedly increased hospitalizations and readmission rates, and mortality, underscoring its importance in HF management. Herein, we aimed to determine whether haemoglobin (Hb) level at discharge affects the mode of death and influences SCD risk prediction. Methods: We evaluated the data of 3020 consecutive acute HF patients from a Japanese prospective multicentre registry. Patients were divided into four groups based on discharge Hb levels. SCD was defined as an unexpected and otherwise unexplained death in a previously stable patient or death due to documented or presumed cardiac arrhythmia without a clear non-cardiovascular cause. The mode of death (SCD, PFD or other cause) was adjudicated by a central committee. Finally, we investigated whether adding Hb level to the Seattle Proportional Risk Model (SPRM; established risk score utilized to estimate ‘proportion’ of SCD among death events) would affect its performance. Results: The mean age of studied patients was 74.3 ± 12.9 years, and 59.8% were male. The mean Hb level was 12.0 ± 2.1 g/dL (61.3% of patients had anaemia defined by World Health Organization criteria). During the 2-year follow-up, 474 deaths (15.7%) occurred, including 93 SCDs (3.1%), 171 PFDs (5.7%) and 210 other deaths (7.0%; predominantly non-cardiac death). Absolute risk of PFD (P < 0.001) or other death (P < 0.001) increased along with the severity of anaemia, whereas the incidence of SCD was low but remained consistent across all four groups (P = 0.440). As a proportion of total deaths in each Hb level group, the contributions from non-SCD increased and from SCD decreased along with anaemia severity (P = 0.007). Adding Hb level to the SPRM improved the overall discrimination (c-index: 0.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–0.69] to 0.65 [95% CI 0.59–0.71]), regardless of the baseline ejection fraction (EF) (c-index: 0.64 [95% CI 0.55–0.73] to 0.67 [95% CI 0.58–0.75] for reduced EF and 0.55 [95% CI 0.45–0.66] to 0.61 [95% CI 0.52–0.70] for preserved EF). Conclusions: The discharge Hb level provides information about both absolute and proportional risks for each mode of death in acute HF patients, and the addition of Hb level improves the performance of SPRM by identifying more non-SCD cases. Future ‘proportional’ SCD risk models should incorporate Hb level as a covariate to meet this high performance.

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Different impact of beta-blockers on long-term mortality in heart failure patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Higuchi S., Kohno T., Kohsaka S., Shiraishi Y., Takei M., Goda A., Shoji S., Nagatomo Y., Yoshikawa T.

Journal of Clinical Medicine (Journal of Clinical Medicine) 10 ( 19 ) 2021.10

ISSN 2077-0383

The administration of beta-blockers is challenging and their efficacy is unclear in heart failure (HF) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to investigate the association of beta-blockers with mortality in such patients. This multicenter observational cohort study included hospitalized HF patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction <50% and evaluated them retrospectively. COPD was diagnosed based on medical records and/or the clinical judgment of each investigator. The study endpoints were two-year all-cause, cardiac, and non-cardiac mortality. This study included 83 patients with COPD and 1760 patients without. Two-year all-cause, cardiac, and non-cardiac mortality were observed in 315 (17%), 149 (8%), and 166 (9%) patients, respectively. Beta-blockers were associated with lower all-cause mortality regardless of COPD (COPD: hazard ratio [HR] 0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.98, p = 0.044; non-COPD: HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46–0.83, p = 0.001). This association in HF patients with COPD persisted after multivariate analysis and inverse probability weighting and was due to lower non-cardiac mortality (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.14–1.18. p = 0.098), not cardiac mortality (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.07–2.01, p = 0.248). Beta-blockers were associated with lower all-cause mortality in HF patients with COPD due to lower non-cardiac mortality. This may reflect selection biases in beta-blocker prescription.

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Exercise tolerance and quality of life in hemodynamically partially improved patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension treated with balloon pulmonary angioplasty

Miura K., Katsumata Y., Kawakami T., Ikura H., Ryuzaki T., Shiraishi Y., Fukui S., Kawakami M., Kohno T., Sato K., Fukuda K.

PLoS ONE (PLoS ONE) 16 ( July ) e0255180 2021.07

The efficacy of extensive balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) beyond hemodynamic improvement in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients has been verified. However, the relationship between extensive BPA in CTEPH patients after partial hemodynamic improvement and exercise tolerance or quality of life (QOL) remains unclear. We prospectively enrolled 22 CTEPH patients (66±10 years, females: 59%) when their mean pulmonary artery pressure initially decreased to <30 mmHg during BPA sessions. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic data, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and QOL scores using the 36-item short form questionnaire (SF-36) were evaluated at enrollment (entry), just after the final BPA session (finish), and at the 6-month follow-up (followup). We analyzed whether extensive BPA improves exercise capacity and QOL scores over time. Moreover, the clinical characteristics leading to improvement were elucidated. The peak oxygen uptake (VO2) showed significant improvement at entry, finish, and follow-up (17.3±5.5, 18.4±5.9, and 18.9±5.3 mL/kg/min, respectively; P<0.001). Regarding the QOL, the physical component summary (PCS) scores significantly improved (32±11, 38±13, and 43±13, respectively; P<0.001), but the mental component summary scores remained unchanged. Linear regression analysis revealed that age and a low peak VO2 at entry were predictors of improvement in peak VO2, while low PCS scores and low TAPSE at entry were predictors of improvement in PCS scores. In conclusion, extensive BPA led to improved exercise tolerance and physical QOL scores, even in CTEPH patients with partially improved hemodynamics.

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Psychological disturbances and their association with sleep disturbances in patients admitted for cardiovascular diseases

Matsuda R., Kohno T., Kohsaka S., Shiraishi Y., Katsumata Y., Hayashida K., Yuasa S., Takatsuki S., Fukuda K.

PLoS ONE (PLoS ONE) 16 ( 1 January ) e0244484 2021.01

Copyright: © 2021 Matsuda et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background Depression and anxiety are common mental health problems that are strongly associated with sleep disturbances, according to community-based researches. However, this association has not been investigated among patients admitted for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We examined the prevalence of depression and anxiety in inpatients with various CVDs and their association with sleep disturbances. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study included 1294 patients hospitalized for CVDs in a Japanese university hospital were evaluated for their mental status using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) using pulse oximetry, and for sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results Patient characteristics were as below: mean age, 63.9±14.7 years; 25.7% female. Overall, 18.9% had depression (HADS-depression>8) and 17.1% had anxiety (HADS-anxiety>8). The presence of depression was associated with female sex, older age, higher plasma brain natriuretic peptide level, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the prevalence of heart failure. Overall, 46.5% patients were categorized as having a poor sleep quality (PSQI>5), and 28.5% patients had SDB (3% oxygen desaturation index>15). Although depression and anxiety were not associated with SDB, they were independently associated with poor sleep quality (OR = 3.09, 95% CI 2.19–4.36; OR = 3.93, 95% CI 2.71–5.69, respectively). Conclusions Depression and anxiety were not uncommon in patients with CVDs. Poor sleep quality could be an important risk factor linked to psychological disturbances.

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Sleep-disordered breathing is independently associated with elevated natriuretic peptide levels in patients with cardiovascular diseases

Sugiura K., Kohno T., Kohsaka S., Shiraishi Y., Katsumata Y., Hayashida K., Yuasa S., Takatsuki S., Fukuda K.

Heart and Vessels (Heart and Vessels) 37 ( 6 ) 994 - 1002 2021

ISSN 09108327

Sleep disorders and sleep duration have attracted considerable attention as potential modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of heart failure (HF). However, whether these sleep behaviors could aggravate the underlying cardiac condition remains ambiguous. We evaluated the associations between the levels of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), sleep quality and quantity, or daytime sleepiness in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) patients. A total of 1717 consecutive patients with CVD [median age, 66 years (55–74 years); female, 27.5%] were enrolled. SDB was screened by nocturnal pulse oximetry; sleep quality and quantity were determined by Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, and daytime sleepiness was examined by Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The median plasma BNP level was 54.9 pg/ml (23.5–146.4 pg/ml). Multiple regression analyses showed that the BNP level in the highest quintile (BNP > 181.8 pg/ml) was associated with SDB (severe: OR, 5.88; 95% CI 3.17–10.88; moderate: OR, 3.62; 95% CI 2.17–6.02; mild: OR, 2.22: 95% CI 1.42–3.47). There were no significant associations between other sleep parameters and higher BNP levels. The relationship between SDB and BNP levels was unchanged regardless of the previous history of symptomatic HF. SDB was independently associated with the elevated plasma BNP level in patients with a variety of CVD.

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Evidence-to-practice gap for preventing procedure-related acute kidney injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Shoji S., Sawano M., Sandhu A.T., Heidenreich P.A., Shiraishi Y., Noma S., Suzuki M., Numasawa Y., Fukuda K., Kohsaka S.

Journal of the American Heart Association (Journal of the American Heart Association) 10 ( 15 ) e020047 2021

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. This risk can be minimized with reduction of contrast volume via preprocedural risk assessment. We aimed to identify quality gaps for implementing the available risk scores introduced to facilitate more judicious use of contrast volume. METHODS AND RESULTS: We grouped 14 702 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention according to the calculated NCDR (National Cardiovascular Data Registry) AKI risk score quartiles (Q1 [lowest]–Q4 [highest]). We compared the used contrast volume by the baseline renal function and NCDR AKI risk score quartiles. Factors associated with increased contrast volume usage were determined using multivariable linear regression analysis. The overall incidence of AKI was 8.9%. The used contrast volume decreased in relation to the stages of chronic kidney disease (168 mL [SD, 73.8 mL], 161 mL [SD, 75.0 mL], 140 mL [SD, 70.0 mL], and 120 mL [SD, 73.7 mL] for no, mild, moderate, and severe chronic kidney disease, respectively; P<0.001), albeit no significant correlation was observed with the calculated NCDR AKI risk quartiles. Of the variables included in the NCDR AKI risk score, anemia (7.31 mL [1.76–12.9 mL], P=0.01), heart failure on admission (10.2 mL [6.05–14.3 mL], P<0.001), acute coronary syndrome presentation (10.3 mL [7.87–12.7 mL], P<0.001), and use of an intra-aortic balloon pump (17.7 mL [3.9–31.5 mL], P=0.012) were associated with increased contrast volume. CONCLUSIONS: The contrast volume was largely determined according to the baseline renal function, not the patients’ overall AKI risk. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive risk assessment to minimize the contrast volume used in susceptible patients.

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Frequent nightmares and its associations with psychological and sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Horie H, Kohno T, Kohsaka S, Kitakata H, Shiraishi Y, Katsumata Y, Hayashida K, Yuasa S, Takatsuki S, Fukuda K

European journal of cardiovascular nursing : journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the European Society of Cardiology (European journal of cardiovascular nursing : journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the European Society of Cardiology) 20 ( 5 ) 421 - 427 2020.12

ISSN 1474-5151

AIMS: Frequent nightmares can pose a serious clinical problem, especially in association with sleep and psychological disturbances, in the general population. However, this association has not been investigated in inpatients with cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Furthermore, whether CV medications could induce iatrogenic nightmares remains unknown. In a cross-sectional designed study, we evaluated the prevalence and determinants of frequent nightmares and its association with sleep and psychological disturbances among hospitalized CV patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1233 patients (mean age, 64 ± 15 years; 25.1% female) hospitalized for various CV diseases in a single university hospital were enrolled. We assessed nightmares and sleep characteristics using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) using nocturnal pulse oximetry, and psychological disturbances using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Overall, 14.8% and 3.6% of the patients had at least one nightmare per month and per week (frequent nightmares), respectively. In this cohort, 45.9% had insomnia (modified PSQI > 5), 28.0% had SDB (3% oxygen desaturation index > 15), 18.5% had depression (HADS-depression ≥ 8), and 16.9% had anxiety (HADS-anxiety ≥ 8). Frequent nightmares were not associated with CV medications and SDB but were associated with depression [odds ratio (OR) = 4.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.03-10.48], anxiety (OR = 5.32, 95% CI = 2.36-12.01), and insomnia (OR = 7.15, 95% CI = 2.41-21.22). CONCLUSIONS: Frequent nightmares were not uncommon in patients hospitalized for CV diseases. Although the cause-effect relationship is unclear, frequent nightmares were associated with psychological disturbances and insomnia, but not iatrogenic factors, among hospitalized CV patients. Cardiologists should be more conscientious to nightmare complaints with respect to screening for psychological disturbances and insomnia.

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Prognostic Understanding and Preference for the Communication Process with Physicians in Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients.

Kitakata H, Kohno T, Kohsaka S, Fujisawa D, Nakano N, Shiraishi Y, Katsumata Y, Yuasa S, Fukuda K

Journal of cardiac failure (Journal of Cardiac Failure) 27 ( 3 ) 318 - 326 2020.11

ISSN 1071-9164

© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Background: Heart failure (HF) is a highly prevalent, heterogeneous, and life-threatening condition. Precise prognostic understanding is essential for effective decision making, but little is known about patients’ attitudes toward prognostic communication with their physicians. Methods and Results: We conducted a questionnaire survey, consisting of patients’ prognostic understanding, preferences for information disclosure, and depressive symptoms, among hospitalized patients with HF (92 items in total). Individual 2-year survival rates were calculated using the Seattle Heart Failure Model, and its agreement level with patient self-expectations of 2-year survival were assessed. A total of 113 patients completed the survey (male 65.5%, median age 75.0 years, interquartile range 66.0–81.0 years). Compared with the Seattle Heart Failure Model prediction, patient expectation of 2-year survival was matched only in 27.8% of patients; their agreement level was low (weighted kappa = 0.11). Notably, 50.9% wished to know “more,” although 27.7% felt that they did not have an adequate prognostic discussion. Compared with the known prognostic variables (eg, age and HF severity), logistic regression analysis demonstrated that female and less depressive patients were associated with patients’ preference for “more” prognostic discussion. Conclusions: Patients’ overall prognostic understanding was suboptimal. The communication process requires further improvement for patients to accurately understand their HF prognosis and be involved in making a better informed decision.

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Successful Percutaneous Abscess Drainage and Irrigation for the Treatment of Infected Aortic Aneurysm Post–Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair

Tsuzuki I., Kishino Y., Shiraishi Y., Katsumata Y., Yuasa S., Ito N., Inoue M., Ito T., Shimizu H., Fukuda K.

CJC Open (CJC Open) 2 ( 6 ) 735 - 738 2020.11

© 2020 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Infected aortic aneurysm (IAA) is a rare, life-threatening disease with rapid progression and a high mortality rate. An 84-year-old man developed IAA caused by urosepsis owing to extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli infection. Considering surgical risk and perioperative mortality, the patient underwent computed tomography–guided percutaneous abscess drainage and continuous irrigation with optimal antibiotic therapy. We controlled his systemic inflammation without surgery; thus, he was discharged. Six months later, we confirmed that the abscess had almost disappeared in the follow-up computed tomography scan. Percutaneous abscess drainage and irrigation may be an effective therapeutic option for surgical high-risk patients with IAA.

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