論文 - 大沼　あゆみ

Can prior informed consent create virtuous cycle between biodiversity conservation and genetic resources utilization?

Uehara T., Sono M., Tsuge T., Onuma A.

Journal of Environmental Management （Journal of Environmental Management）  300 2021年12月

ISSN  03014797

　概要を見る

This study attempted to predict the effectiveness of prior informed consent (PIC) as a mechanism under the Nagoya Protocol (NP) through the case of Japan, a developed country with a wealth of genetic biodiversity. The NP to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims at creating a virtuous cycle between biodiversity conservation and the utilization of genetic resources through fair and equitable benefit sharing. As PIC is a crucial component of the NP for promoting fair and equitable sharing, this study investigated whether introducing PIC creates a virtuous cycle. Considering the limitations of empirical data, this study adopted a policy Delphi comprising experts in an iterative group communication process that used consecutive questionnaires to reveal diverse issues as input for policymaking. We identified six related issues that were evaluated for the case of introduction and three for the case of no introduction of PIC. Their relative importance as a policy concern was measured through best–worst scaling to narrow down policy-relevant issues. This study revealed that contrary to the NP's intent, the overall contribution to the virtuous cycle is limited. In designing PIC mechanisms, policymakers must pay particular attention to bequest and research and development. This study identified three paths through which the negative impacts on research and development further negatively affect bequest, that is, slackening the identification of important genetic resources and ecosystems to conserve, disincentivizing biodiversity conservation for genetic resource use, and dampening ex-situ conservation efforts.

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Transboundary ecological conservation, environmental value and environmental sustainability: Lessons from the heart of borneo

Keong C.Y., Onuma A.

Sustainability (Switzerland) （Sustainability (Switzerland)）  13 （ 17 ）  2021年09月

　概要を見る

Balancing economic growth with international commitments to environmental sustaina-bility is a global challenge. One of the main objectives of this study is to address this challenge by stimulating and sustaining motivation for environmental conservation by means of a comprehen-sive rethinking of the values inherent in nature and the limitations of monetary approaches to biodiversity valuation. This is achieved based on a case study of a transboundary ecological conservation project, the Heart of Borneo (HoB) in Borneo Island, covering Kalimantan in Indonesia, Borneo Malaysia comprising the states of Sarawak and Sabah, and Brunei Darussalam. This study synthe-sizes critical insights into the multiple ranges of life-supporting environmental values embedded in the HoB natural capital to enhance stronger motivations for environmental conservation. The study also reports on evidence gathered from extensive field studies conducted in Borneo Malaysia, con-firming the correlations between environmental beliefs in value pluralism, ecological action, and environmental sustainability, and its implications for sustainable resource use and management. The synthesis is expected to serve as practical guidance for sustainable resource and environmental management decision-making, which is conceptually and universally applicable.

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Ecological features benefiting sustainable harvesters in socio-ecological systems: a case study of Swiftlets in Malaysia

Mayuko Nakamaru, Ayumi Onuma

Ecological Applications （Ecological Applications）  31 （ 7 ）  2021年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り,  ISSN  10510761

　概要を見る

A major challenge in biodiversity management is overharvesting by unsustainable harvesters. If a scenario could be created where sustainable harvesters benefit more than the unsustainable ones, even in the short term, the issue of overharvesting would be solved. Everyone would then follow the lead of sustainable harvesters. However, creating such a scenario is not an easy task; the difficulty is intensified if the habitat is open access and there is no property rights system. Swiftlets in Sarawak, Malaysia, present a special case where sustainable harvesters are believed to be more beneficial than unsustainable harvesters. Edible nests built by adult Swiftlets are used as ingredients for a traditional luxurious soup in Chinese cuisine. A rise in nest prices has increased the instances of unsustainable harvesters wrongfully collecting nests along with the eggs and fledglings, which are then abandoned. Swiftlets live in caves and build nests on cave ceilings. It is known that Swiftlets escape from cave ceilings when these harvesters take the nests, never to return to the same place. This ecological feature appears to work as the Swiftlet's indirect punishment against unsustainable harvesters. This study constructs a stage-structured population model and examines the effect of property rights and the indirect punishment by Swiftlets on the population dynamics of the bird, and on the economic return of both sustainable and unsustainable harvesters. Our findings are as follows: the indirect punishment by Swiftlets provides sustainable harvesters a higher short-term return than unsustainable harvesters under the property rights system, as long as Swiftlets return to their original cave after escaping from the unsustainable harvesters. While previous studies regarding the management of the commons have stressed the importance of rules and regulations for sustainable harvesting without considering the ecological uniqueness of each species, this study suggests that ecological exploration and the discovery of ecological features are also essential for designing a sustainable framework.

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EBPM はどこまで適用可能か？ ―ABS を事例として―

柘植隆宏, 大沼あゆみ, 薗 巳晴, 上原拓郎

環境経済・政策研究 （環境経済・政策学会）  13 （ 1 ） 74 - 77 2020年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

遺伝資源へのアクセスと利益配分 (ABS) をめぐる法と経済

薗巳晴, 田中勝也, 柘植隆宏, 大沼あゆみ

環境経済・政策研究 （環境経済・政策学会）  12 （ 2 ） 19 - 30 2019年09月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

Applying three distinct metrics to measure people’s perceptions of resilience

Uehara T., Tsuge T., Onuma A.

Ecology and Society （Ecology and Society）  24 （ 2 ）  2019年07月

　概要を見る

© 2019 by the author(s). Resilience management is gaining support as resilience studies proliferate. Quantification of resilience could help decision makers understand the complex dynamics of resilience and adopt resilience management. However, most quantifications have focused on resilience as an attribute of social-ecological systems, such as thresholds and safe operating spaces. Although informative for planning and implementing effective resilience management, they do not inform decision makers if people accept and support this management. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how people perceive resilience. We applied three metrics to measure how people perceive resilience: (1) an economic valuation of resilience, (2) motivations behind valuing resilience, and (3) the relative importance of resilience compared with other ecosystem services. We adopted coral reef ecosystems in Okinawa, Japan for our analysis. Coral reef ecosystems, which are rich in marine genetic resources (hotspots), have become endangered because of increasing anthropocentric pressures, and resilience is becoming an accepted method in coral reef ecosystem management. Our study revealed that an ex-ante willingness to pay (WTP) for expected benefits from a resilience management program ranged from 3439 to 5663 JPY for mean WTP and from 1615 to 2579 JPY for median WTP (cf. 100 JPY = 0.891 USD in 2017). Primary motivations, i.e., human values, underlying the valuation of resilience were conservation and self-transcendence, which overlap with some ecosystem services such as culture, bequest, education, coastal protection, sanitation, and habitat. Resilience is highly important compared with the other 10 coral reef ecosystem services. These findings could help decision makers plan and implement an effective, acceptable, and supported resilience management program.

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遺伝資源利用は生物多様性保全を促進するか？－名古屋議定書と利益配分の役割

大沼あゆみ

環境情報科学 47 （ 3 ） 14 - 18 2018年09月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 単著, 査読有り

Comparing green infrastructure as ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction with gray infrastructure in terms of costs and benefits under uncertainty: A theoretical approach

Onuma A., Tsuge T.

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction （International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction）  32   22 - 28 2018年02月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り,  ISSN  22124209

　概要を見る

© 2018 The Eco-DRR (ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction) is attracting attention as infrastructure that substitutes “gray” or built infrastructure, owing to its attractive characteristics such as lower costs of introduction and maintenance, provision of various ecosystem services, and local community development, among others. On the other hand, gray infrastructure is still a central measure of DRR, as there is a comprehensive understanding of its design and functioning against natural hazards. The argument about the use of green infrastructure instead of gray infrastructure in many aspects of DRR raises an important question: under what circumstances is green infrastructure more desirable? This paper uses a theoretical approach to provide an exact condition under which introducing green infrastructure is desirable, taking into consideration the aspect of uncertainty in deriving the optimal size of green infrastructure and the disaster risk (or expected damage). Under optimal green infrastructure, we show an exact level of the population, under which using Eco-DRR is preferable to gray infrastructure, expressed by parameters reflecting the probability of occurrence of hazard, probability of preventing exposure to the hazard, population size, and vulnerability to damage accruing from exposure, as well as costs and benefits of the two infrastructures. Our results provide useful information regarding policy decision-making about whether to adopt gray or green infrastructure in an area, by applying the results to various cases by assuming the exact values of the parameters.

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中国の退耕還林政策に関する費用便益分析－特性の異なる3地域におけるケーススタディ－

成 双之・澤田 英司・大沼 あゆみ

環境科学会誌 （環境科学会）  31 （ 1 ） 1 - 12 2018年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

生態系サービス（PES）によるサンゴ礁保全の可能性

大沼 あゆみ・柘植　隆宏

生物科学 （農文協）  68 （ 1 ） 41 - 49 2016年10月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

「人口減少下での持続可能な海岸管理政策についてー防災と自然保護をめぐって−」

大沼 あゆみ

『環境経済・政策研究』 8 （ 2 ） 11 - 17 2015年09月

研究論文（学術雑誌）

An economic and ecological consideration of commercial coral transplantation to restore the marine ecosystem in Okinawa,Japan

Nami Okubo and Ayumi Onuma

Special Issue 'Marine Economics and Policy related to Ecosystem Services: Lessons from the World’s Regional Seas', Ecosystem Services （Elsevier）  11   39 - 44 2015年02月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

サラワク熱帯林での先住民社会の持続的生物多様性利用と伝統的知識

Choy Yee Keong・大沼 あゆみ

環境経済・政策研究 （環境経済・政策学会）  7 （ 1 ） 69 - 73 2014年03月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著, 査読有り

自然資本の保全と資金調達

大沼 あゆみ

環境経済・政策研究 （環境経済・政策学会）  7 （ 1 ） 1 - 9 2014年03月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 単著, 査読有り

自然資本を中心としたグリーン・エコノミーの展望

大沼 あゆみ

『環境情報科学』 42 （ 3 ） 3-4 2013年10月

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 単著

Monetary Benefit Sharing Arising From Bioprospecting with Traditional Knowledge Between the North and the South

Ayumi Onuma

International Journal of Ecological Economics and Statistics 26 （ 3 ） 16-30 2012年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 単著, 査読有り

「兵庫県豊岡市におけるコウノトリ保全による環境経済の推進」（若森洋崇・大沼あゆみ）

若森　洋崇・大沼 あゆみ

『環境情報科学』 40 （ 2 ） 22-26 2011年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 単著

Greenhouse Gas Emission, Mitigation, and Innovation of Adaptation Technology in a North-South Economy（AYUMI ONUMA, YOSUKE ARINO)

#H大沼 あゆみ　有野洋輔#H

Environment and Development Economics 16 （ 6 ） 639-656 2011年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著

「生物多様性保全と経済の両立可能性－豊岡市のコウノトリ野生復帰とサンゴ移植にみる保全の経済的側面」（大沼あゆみ・大久保奈弥）

大沼 あゆみ

『ビオシティ』 47   100-107 2011年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 共著

「サンゴの移植における採取苗と種苗の組み合わせ−バスケット型供給の経済学的考察－」（大久保奈弥・大沼あゆみ）

大沼 あゆみ

日本サンゴ礁学会誌 12 2010年

研究論文（学術雑誌）, 単著